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Difficulty: Very hardInternational Environmental Conventions, Protocols and Agreements

Consider the following statements regarding international environmental conventions and protocols:

1. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety operates under the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to ensure the safe handling, transport, and use of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs).
2. The Rotterdam Convention provides a legally binding Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for facilitating information exchange regarding specific hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
3. The Bonn Convention (CMS) establishes an appendix-based export and import permitting framework to regulate commercial international trade in endangered species.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 onlyAnswer
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. C
    1 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Answer

1 and 2 only
Statements 1 and 2 are factual and correctly describe the scope of the Cartagena Protocol (LMO safety under CBD) and the Rotterdam Convention (PIC procedure for hazardous chemicals). Statement 3 is false because international trade regulation via permit appendices is governed by CITES, whereas the Bonn Convention focuses on migratory species across habitats.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the Cartagena Protocol
Statement 1 is correct. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to protect biological diversity from potential risks posed by Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology.
Verifying the governing treaty framework and key focus organism of the protocol.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the Rotterdam Convention
Statement 2 is correct. The Rotterdam Convention governs the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade to promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts.
Verifying chemical trade international mechanisms.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the Bonn Convention
Statement 3 is incorrect. The regulation of commercial trade in endangered species via Appendix I, II, and III permits is executed under CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). The Bonn Convention (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, or CMS) aims to conserve terrestrial, aquatic, and avian migratory species throughout their range.
Distinguishing trade regulation instruments (CITES) from habitat/migratory species conservation treaties (Bonn Convention).

Key Concept

Core mandates and regulatory mechanisms of major global environmental treaties (CBD Cartagena Protocol, Rotterdam Convention, CITES vs Bonn Convention).
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Topics

International Environmental Conventions, Protocols and Agreements