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Difficulty: HardGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

Consider the following statements regarding the structural and organizational changes adopted by the Indian National Congress during its Nagpur Session in December 1920 under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership:

1. The official goal of the Congress was redefined as the attainment of Swaraj through peaceful and legitimate means.
2. A 15-member Congress Working Committee (CWC) was constituted for the first time to function as a permanent executive body directing day-to-day affairs.
3. Provincial Congress Committees were reorganized on a linguistic basis to facilitate mass participation.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 2 only
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. 1, 2 and 3Answer
  4. D
    1 and 3 only

Answer

1, 2 and 3
The correct answer includes all three statements. At the December 1920 Nagpur Session of the Indian National Congress, landmark constitutional revisions were adopted to convert Congress into a continuous mass mobilization machinery. These changes included redefining the party creed to attaining Swaraj by peaceful and legitimate means, instituting a 15-member Congress Working Committee (CWC) as the permanent executive, and reorganizing Provincial Congress Committees on a linguistic basis.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the redrawn creed/goal of the Indian National Congress.
Statement 1 is correct because the Nagpur Session of December 1920 formally replaced the goal of achieving self-government by constitutional means within the British Empire with the goal of attaining Swaraj through peaceful and legitimate means.
This fundamental alteration signaled the formal transition of Congress into a non-violent revolutionary mass movement.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding permanent executive party leadership.
Statement 2 is correct as a 15-member Congress Working Committee (CWC) was created to supervise party affairs throughout the year.
Prior to 1920, Congress operated primarily as a deliberative body gathering once a year during its annual session.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding regional committee restructuring.
Statement 3 is correct because Provincial Congress Committees (PCCs) were reorganized along linguistic lines rather than British administrative unit boundaries.
Linguistic restructuring enabled Congress to conduct meetings in vernacular languages, thereby bringing rural and regional masses into the national movement.

Key Concept

Organizational Restructuring of the INC at the Nagpur Session (1920)
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Topics

Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

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