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Question

Difficulty: MediumInternational Environmental Conventions, Protocols and Agreements

Match the international environmental conventions listed in List-I with their primary subject matter in List-II:

  • Basel ConventionControl of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
  • Rotterdam ConventionPrior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals in International Trade
  • Aarhus ConventionAccess to Information, Public Participation, and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
  • Espoo ConventionEnvironmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context

Answer

Basel Convention matches with Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal; Rotterdam Convention matches with Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals in International Trade; Aarhus Convention matches with Access to Information, Public Participation, and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters; Espoo Convention matches with Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context.
Each agreement addresses a specific mechanism in global environmental governance: the Basel Convention regulates transboundary movements of hazardous wastes; the Rotterdam Convention mandates the Prior Informed Consent procedure for hazardous chemical trade; the Aarhus Convention grants public access to environmental information, participation, and justice; and the Espoo Convention regulates transboundary environmental impact assessments.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the mandate of the Basel Convention.
It targets hazardous waste management, reduction, and movement across international borders.
Adopted in 1989, it protects human health and the environment against adverse effects of hazardous wastes.
2
Determine the operational mechanism of the Rotterdam Convention.
It establishes the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for hazardous chemical trade.
It ensures importing countries receive critical safety information before hazardous chemicals enter their borders.
3
Identify the procedural focus of the Aarhus Convention.
It codifies public rights regarding environmental information access, decision-making participation, and legal justice.
Signed under UNECE in 1998, it links government accountability to environmental rights.
4
Determine the key objective of the Espoo Convention.
It mandates cross-border Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for proposed national projects.
Adopted in 1991, it encourages multilateral consultation prior to approving potentially damaging transboundary developments.

Key Concept

Scope and legal objectives of international environmental governance conventions regarding waste, chemical trade, procedural rights, and transboundary impact assessments.
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Topics

International Environmental Conventions, Protocols and Agreements