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Difficulty: MediumGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

Regarding the Rowlatt Satyagraha organized in 1919 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, which of the following statements are correct?

  1. Mahatma Gandhi established the 'Satyagraha Sabha' in Bombay to organize support and channel public discontent against the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act.Answer
  2. The agitation served as the first all-India mass demonstration called by Mahatma Gandhi, utilizing nationwide hartals, prayers, and fasting.Answer
  3. C
    The movement led directly to the immediate establishment of parallel revolutionary governments known as 'Prati Sarkar' in the Satara district.
  4. D
    The agitation was specifically launched to protest the administrative restructuring implemented by the Government of India Act 1935.

Answer

The correct statements are that Mahatma Gandhi established the 'Satyagraha Sabha' in Bombay to organize support and channel public discontent, and that the agitation served as the first all-India mass demonstration called by Mahatma Gandhi.
The statements highlighting Mahatma Gandhi's creation of the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay and identifying the Rowlatt agitation as his first all-India mass demonstration are historically accurate. In early 1919, Gandhi organized the Satyagraha Sabha to coordinate protest actions against the draconian Rowlatt Act across major urban centers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the organizational setup of the Rowlatt Satyagraha
Confirm that Mahatma Gandhi founded the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay (1919) to mobilize youth and pledge non-compliance with the Rowlatt Act.
This confirms the statement describing the formation of the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay.
2
Evaluate the scope and scale of the Rowlatt movement
Recognize that unlike earlier localized Satyagrahas in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad, the Rowlatt Satyagraha was the first pan-Indian mass movement involving nation-wide hartals.
This confirms the statement identifying it as Gandhi's first all-India mass demonstration.
3
Examine the inaccurate statements regarding parallel governments and colonial acts
Identify that 'Prati Sarkar' belongs to the 1942 Quit India Movement and that the target act was the 1919 Rowlatt Act rather than the 1935 Act.
This confirms why the remaining two statements are incorrect due to chronological and act misattributions.

Key Concept

Rowlatt Satyagraha and Transition to All-India Gandhian Mass Movements
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Topics

Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

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