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Difficulty: MediumGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

Match the Gandhian movements and campaigns in List-I with their primary features or historical developments in List-II:

  • Kheda Satyagraha (1918)Peasant struggle led alongside Vallabhbhai Patel demanding land revenue suspension following severe crop failure.
  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)Surrender of government titles and honors, alongside widespread boycott of foreign cloth, courts, and educational institutions.
  • Dandi Salt March (1930)Coastal march from Sabarmati to breach the state monopoly on salt production, signaling the start of Civil Disobedience.
  • Individual Satyagraha (1940)Limited political campaign where Acharya Vinoba Bhave was chosen as the first participant to assert the freedom of speech against imperial war efforts.

Answer

Kheda Satyagraha (1918) matches with peasant revenue suspension led alongside Vallabhbhai Patel; Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) matches with surrender of titles and legal/educational boycotts; Dandi Salt March (1930) matches with coastal march breaching the salt monopoly to launch Civil Disobedience; Individual Satyagraha (1940) matches with limited campaign featuring Acharya Vinoba Bhave as the first satyagrahi.
Kheda Satyagraha (1918) was a local agrarian movement against revenue collection following crop failure, where Sardar Patel organized the peasants. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) involved renouncing official titles and boycotting courts, schools, and foreign goods. Dandi Salt March (1930) marked the symbolic inauguration of Civil Disobedience by breaking the government salt law. Individual Satyagraha (1940) was launched with Acharya Vinoba Bhave as the pioneer satyagrahi to protest Britain's inclusion of India in World War II without consent.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the historical context and main leaders of the 1918 Kheda Satyagraha.
Kheda involved peasants suffering from famine and crop failure who demanded tax relief under the leadership of Gandhi and Sardar Patel.
Establishes the link between Kheda Satyagraha (1918) and the revenue refusal struggle.
2
Examine the constructive and boycott programmes of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920).
It focused on non-violent non-cooperation via surrendering titles and boycotting government entities.
Establishes the link between Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) and title surrender / institutional boycott.
3
Analyze the purpose and outcome of the 1930 Dandi Salt March.
Gandhi marched to Dandi to manufacture salt illegally, initiating the wider Civil Disobedience Movement.
Establishes the link between Dandi Salt March (1930) and breaching the salt monopoly.
4
Review the background of the 1940 Individual Satyagraha.
It was designed as a controlled moral protest against forced Indian participation in World War II, led first by Acharya Vinoba Bhave.
Establishes the link between Individual Satyagraha (1940) and Acharya Vinoba Bhave's role.

Key Concept

Key features, leadership, and developments associated with major Gandhian mass movements and localized struggles.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

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