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Difficulty: EasyGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

Match the major Gandhian movements and struggles in List-I with their primary historical significance in List-II:

  • Champaran Satyagraha (1917)First civil disobedience movement led by Gandhi against European indigo planters
  • Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)First hunger strike undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi in India
  • Kheda Satyagraha (1918)First non-cooperation struggle involving peasant refusal of land revenue
  • Dandi March (1930)Marked the official inauguration of the nation-wide Civil Disobedience Movement

Answer

Champaran Satyagraha (1917) matches with 'First civil disobedience movement led by Gandhi against European indigo planters'; Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) matches with 'First hunger strike undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi in India'; Kheda Satyagraha (1918) matches with 'First non-cooperation struggle involving peasant refusal of land revenue'; Dandi March (1930) matches with 'Marked the official inauguration of the nation-wide Civil Disobedience Movement'.
Each movement in List-I correctly corresponds to its defining milestone in Gandhian strategy: Champaran (1917) as the first civil disobedience movement, Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) as the first hunger strike, Kheda Satyagraha (1918) as the first non-cooperation struggle, and the Dandi March (1930) as the inauguration of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the significance of Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
Champaran represents Mahatma Gandhi's first application of civil disobedience in India to assist indigo peasants.
Gandhi defied court orders to leave Champaran, establishing the principle of non-violent civil disobedience.
2
Identify the significance of Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)
It was Gandhi's first hunger strike during a wage dispute between textile workers and mill owners.
Gandhi went on a fast to maintain the resolve and unity of the striking mill workers.
3
Identify the significance of Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
It was Gandhi's first non-cooperation movement, centered on non-payment of land revenue.
Peasants withheld revenue demands after crop yields fell below the legal threshold for tax suspension.
4
Identify the significance of Dandi March (1930)
It inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement through the symbolic defiance of the British salt tax.
Salt was chosen as a unifying national issue affecting every section of Indian society.

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Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements
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