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Difficulty: MediumGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

During the Civil Disobedience Movement, negotiations between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin led to the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact) in March 1931. Which of the following concessions was explicitly accepted by the British Government under the terms of this historic agreement?

  1. Permission for peaceful and non-aggressive picketing of shops selling foreign cloth and liquorAnswer
  2. B
    Mandatory public judicial inquiry into police excesses committed during the movement
  3. C
    Commutation of the death sentence of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru to life imprisonment
  4. D
    Unconditional restoration of all confiscated lands that had already been sold to third parties

Answer

Permission for peaceful and non-aggressive picketing of shops selling foreign cloth and liquor was explicitly accepted by Viceroy Lord Irwin in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of March 1931.
Under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed on March 5, 1931, the British administration explicitly recognized the right of peaceful and non-aggressive picketing directed against shops selling foreign cloth and alcohol, alongside releasing political prisoners not charged with violent crimes and permitting coastal residents to collect salt for local use.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the context of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 5, 1931)
The pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin to end the first phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement and ensure Congress participation in the Second Round Table Conference.
Understanding the negotiation scope helps evaluate which demands were conceded.
2
Evaluate the terms conceded by the British Government
The government agreed to: (1) immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence, (2) remission of all fines not yet collected, (3) return of confiscated lands not yet sold to third parties, (4) permission for peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops, and (5) right to manufacture salt for personal consumption near coastal areas.
Direct correlation with historical provisions identifies the correct choice.
3
Evaluate the rejected demands
Lord Irwin firmly refused two key demands: a public inquiry into police excesses and the commutation of the death sentences of Bhagat Singh and his comrades.
Eliminates common misconceptions surrounding the pact.

Key Concept

Terms and Concessions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact, 1931)
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Topics

Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

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