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Question

Difficulty: EasyInternational Environmental Conventions, Protocols and Agreements

Match the international environmental conventions and protocols in List-I with their primary objective or environmental focus in List-II:

  • Montreal ProtocolPhasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer
  • Basel ConventionRegulation of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes
  • Ramsar ConventionConservation and sustainable use of wetlands
  • Minamata ConventionProtection of human health and environment from mercury emissions

Answer

Montreal Protocol matches with Phasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer; Basel Convention matches with Regulation of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes; Ramsar Convention matches with Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands; Minamata Convention matches with Protection of human health and environment from mercury emissions.
Each international agreement corresponds directly to its defined domain: Montreal Protocol targets ozone-depleting substances, Basel Convention governs transboundary movements of hazardous waste, Ramsar Convention protects wetlands, and Minamata Convention controls toxic mercury contamination.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary focal area of the Montreal Protocol.
Protection of the ozone layer by phasing out ODS (Ozone Depleting Substances).
Adopted in 1987 under the Vienna Convention umbrella specifically for controlling substances like CFCs.
2
Identify the primary focal area of the Basel Convention.
Control of transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous wastes.
Adopted in 1989 to prevent illegal dumping of toxic wastes from developed to developing nations.
3
Identify the primary focal area of the Ramsar Convention.
Conservation and wise use of wetlands of international importance.
Signed in Ramsar, Iran in 1971, focusing exclusively on wetland ecosystem preservation.
4
Identify the primary focal area of the Minamata Convention.
Addressing toxic mercury emissions and releases.
Named after Minamata city in Japan, which suffered severe mercury poisoning in the 20th century.

Key Concept

Primary Mandates of Major International Environmental Treaties
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Topics

International Environmental Conventions, Protocols and Agreements