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Question 281Question

As a Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM), you receive an urgent alert regarding a structural building collapse in a busy commercial area following continuous rains, with several citizens suspected to be trapped under the debris. Which of the following measures represent appropriate immediate emergency response actions under standard crisis management protocol?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Immediately mobilize emergency rescue teams, fire services, and medical personnel to secure the site and initiate life-saving operations.; Establish an on-site incident command post to coordinate real-time communication between rescue personnel, police, and nearby hospitals.

Answer

The correct actions are mobilizing emergency rescue and medical personnel to secure the site and save lives, and establishing an on-site incident command post to streamline inter-agency coordination.
Mobilizing specialized disaster response and medical units preserves life and secures the location, while establishing an on-site incident command post facilitates orderly inter-agency communication. Both steps represent standard, effective crisis response practices.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the primary objectives during the immediate aftermath of a structural collapse.
The immediate priorities are preserving human life, stabilizing the incident zone, and organizing medical intervention.
Life safety takes precedence over all non-immediate administrative activities during a crisis.
2
Assess administrative options against disaster response framework guidelines.
Deploying designated rescue services and establishing an incident command post strictly align with standard incident command system (ICS) protocols.
Unified command posts ensure organized deployment of resources and prevent communication gaps.
3
Identify procedural violations and unsafe administrative practices.
Allowing untrained citizens to operate heavy machinery and ordering hasty demolition of safe nearby structures are hazardous errors.
Emergency actions must adhere to safety and technical feasibility standards to avoid secondary disasters.

Key Concept

Crisis Management and Emergency Response Scenarios
Question 282Question

You are serving as the District Magistrate and head of the District Disaster Management Authority during a severe compound crisis. The district emergency control room reports three simultaneous critical incidents:

1. Sector X (Rural Flash Flood): 4,000 residents are marooned on elevated ground with critical drinking water shortages and rising floodwaters that threaten to overflow an earthen embankment within 4 hours.
2. Sector Y (Industrial Zone): A toxic chemical storage unit has caught fire adjacent to an occupied residential residential cluster and primary school, posing an immediate risk of hazardous gas dispersion.
3. Sector Z (Arterial Highway): A major traffic gridlock caused by panic movement and spontaneous citizen protests is completely blocking the primary supply route needed to move relief materials and equipment.

Your available resources are strictly limited to: 3 National Disaster Response Teams (NDRT), 1 Specialized Hazardous Materials (HazMat) Unit, 2 Heavy Earthmoving Vehicles, and local police reserves.

Based on objective administrative principles of life preservation, threat containment, procedural integrity, and proportional resource deployment, which of the following priority ranking and resource allocation actions are administratively justified? (Select ALL correct choices)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Immediately dispatch the Specialized HazMat Unit along with 1 NDRT to Sector Y to isolate the chemical fire and execute controlled evacuation of the residential cluster and school zone.; Deploy 2 NDRT units to Sector X to facilitate emergency airlift/waterborne evacuation of marooned residents, while coordinating with local police and community leaders to clear bottlenecked traffic on Sector Z through dialogue and targeted traffic diversion.

Answer

The administratively justified decisions are allocating the HazMat unit and one disaster response team to Sector Y to neutralize the toxic chemical hazard, and deploying two disaster response teams to Sector X for flood evacuation while managing the Sector Z traffic issue through local police and community engagement.
The correct strategy prioritizes immediate human life safety by deploying specialized HazMat and rescue teams to the toxic chemical fire in Sector Y and flood rescue in Sector X. Simultaneously, law enforcement and administrative dialogue are used to handle highway gridlock without compromising rescue operations.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Assess threat severity and population risk across all sectors
Sector Y (chemical fire/toxic gas) and Sector X (marooned flood victims) pose direct, immediate threats to life. Sector Z (traffic gridlock/protest) is an operational impediment rather than an acute life-threatening emergency.
Administrative resource allocation prioritizes acute life safety and prevention of mass casualties over logistical convenience.
2
Match specialized resources to specific crisis needs
Assign the 1 Specialized HazMat Unit + 1 NDRT to Sector Y; assign the remaining 2 NDRT units to Sector X for flood rescue.
HazMat capabilities are essential for toxic chemical fires, whereas general NDRT personnel are best utilized for flood evacuations.
3
Address peripheral logistical constraints (Sector Z) using appropriate statutory channels
Utilize local police and community dialogue for traffic diversion rather than diverting specialized rescue forces or heavy machinery.
Maintaining proportionality and preserving specialized disaster assets for active rescue operations is a fundamental administrative principle.

Key Concept

Resource Allocation and Priority Ranking in Administrative Crisis Management
Question 283Question

Read the following two statements carefully and determine the logical relationship between them:

Statement I: Small-scale inland aquaculture farms located along the lower river basin registered severe fish mortality and sharp declines in harvest yields over the past quarter.

Statement II: Manufacturing units situated along the upper river tributaries repeatedly discharged untreated effluents containing toxic chemical residues beyond statutory limits during the preceding months.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between Statement I and Statement II?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.

Answer

Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect.
The upstream discharge of toxic untreated effluents directly causes contamination in the river system, which flows downstream and results in the mortality of fish in lower basin aquaculture farms. Therefore, the statement regarding industrial effluent discharge is the cause, and the statement regarding aquaculture fish mortality is its effect.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement I
Statement I describes downstream fish mortality and reduced harvest in aquaculture farms.
Identify the nature of the first event as a biological impact.
2
Analyze Statement II
Statement II describes upstream industrial pollution through untreated toxic effluent discharge over preceding months.
Identify the nature of the second event as an environmental hazard occurring prior in time and higher in hydrological flow.
3
Evaluate the Causal Link
Toxic chemical contamination flowing from upper tributaries into the lower basin directly contaminates the aquatic habitat, inducing mortality.
Establishing temporal precedence and logical mechanism confirms Statement II as the direct cause and Statement I as the resulting effect.

Key Concept

Direct Cause and Effect Relationship in Environmental Hydrology
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 284Question

In public administration and workplace governance, a manager must deploy proportional, constitutionally sound, and administratively effective interventions to resolve subordinate grievances and performance issues. Match each workplace administrative scenario on the left with its most appropriate administrative intervention on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

An anonymous complaint is submitted alleging petty financial corruption against a senior officer who possesses an unblemished 15-year service record.
Two junior officers engage in an ongoing interpersonal dispute that causes severe friction, resulting in missed departmental deadlines and disrupted workflow.
A previously high-performing staff member exhibits a sudden, unexplained decline in output alongside frequent unexcused tardiness over the past month.
A field inspector persistently bypasses standard operating procedures and ignores explicit supervisor directives during routine regulatory enforcement.

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct pairings match each workplace scenario with its ethically and administratively proportional management intervention: Anonymous corruption complaint matches Confidential preliminary fact-finding inquiry; Interpersonal conflict matches Structured mediation meeting and task decoupling; Sudden performance decline matches Private supervisory counseling session; Repeated procedural non-compliance matches Formal written directive and mandatory retraining.
Each scenario is correctly matched to an intervention that upholds administrative natural justice, operational efficiency, and legal proportionality. Anonymous complaints demand preliminary discrete inquiry; interpersonal friction demands conflict mediation and structural task separation; performance drop demands supportive investigation of root causes; and willful insubordination demands formal, documented disciplinary correction.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the legal and procedural implications of anonymous complaints in administrative law.
Unverified anonymous allegations should undergo discrete preliminary verification rather than immediate public punishment to protect administrative morale and due process.
Prevents malicious accusations from paralyzing administrative functions while maintaining corruption oversight.
2
Evaluate the administrative impact of peer conflict versus individual performance decay.
Peer conflict requires mediation and operational separation of duties, whereas individual performance decay in a good employee requires root-cause supervisory dialogue.
Managerial interventions must distinguish between relational dysfunctions and personal/wellbeing impediments.
3
Determine the appropriate escalation for direct insubordination and procedural non-compliance.
Persistent disregard of standard operating procedures demands formal written warnings and compliance retraining.
Administrative integrity relies on strict adherence to established legal and operational guidelines.

Key Concept

Proportional Managerial Interventions and Workplace Grievance Redressal
Question 285Question

What is the final value of the expression 36÷4×3+(157)1036 \div 4 \times 3 + (15 - 7) - 10?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 25

Answer

The correct answer is 25.
Applying the BODMAS order of operations strictly: first simplify the bracket (157)=8(15 - 7) = 8. Next, evaluate multiplication and division from left to right: 36÷4=936 \div 4 = 9 and 9×3=279 \times 3 = 27. Finally, evaluate addition and subtraction left to right: 27+810=2527 + 8 - 10 = 25.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate bracket expression
15 - 7 = 8
Brackets have the highest precedence in the BODMAS rule.
2
Perform division and multiplication from left to right
36 ÷ 4 = 9, then 9 × 3 = 27
Division and multiplication carry equal priority and are evaluated in order from left to right.
3
Perform addition and subtraction from left to right
27 + 8 - 10 = 25
Addition and subtraction are performed sequentially from left to right.

Key Concept

BODMAS Order of Operations
Estimated Time:45s
Question 286Question

In basic arithmetic, the unit digit of a power of an integer repeats in a periodic pattern known as cyclicity. What is the unit digit of 3453^{45}?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 3

Answer

The unit digit of 3453^{45} is 3.
The base number 3 has a cyclicity pattern of length 4: (3, 9, 7, 1). When the exponent 45 is divided by 4, the quotient is 11 and the remainder is 1. A remainder of 1 indicates the unit digit is equal to the first element of the cyclic pattern, which is 3.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the unit digit cyclicity pattern for base 3.
The unit digits repeat every 4 powers in the pattern (3, 9, 7, 1).
Calculating sequential powers of 3 yields last digits of 3, 9, 7, 1, 3, 9, 7, 1, establishing a cycle length of 4.
2
Divide the exponent by the cycle period of 4.
45÷4=1145 \div 4 = 11 with a remainder of 11.
The remainder indicates the exact position within the repeating cycle.
3
Find the unit digit using the remainder.
Since the remainder is 1, the unit digit is 31=33^1 = 3.
The first number in the cyclicity sequence (3, 9, 7, 1) is 3.

Key Concept

Unit Digit Cyclicity
Estimated Time:45s
Question 287Question
Evaluate the following mathematical expression using the standard BODMAS rule:
40% of 150+[72÷{18(212×4+115)}]40\% \text{ of } 150 + \left[ 72 \div \left\{ 18 - \left( 2\frac{1}{2} \times 4 + \overline{11 - 5} \right) \right\} \right]
What is the final simplified numerical value?
Show answer & explanation

Answer: 96

Answer

The simplified numerical value of the given expression is 96.
Applying the standard BODMAS rule: first evaluate the vinculum 115=6\overline{11 - 5} = 6. Next, evaluate inside the round brackets: 2.5×4+6=162.5 \times 4 + 6 = 16. Then simplify inside the curly braces: 1816=218 - 16 = 2. Following that, perform division inside the square brackets: 72÷2=3672 \div 2 = 36. Separately, evaluate the percentage term: 40% of 150=6040\% \text{ of } 150 = 60. Summing these two terms gives 60+36=9660 + 36 = 96.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the bar (vinculum) expression.
\overline{11 - 5} = 6
The vinculum (bar) has highest priority within bracket operations.
2
Simplify the terms within the round parentheses.
2\frac{1}{2} \times 4 + 6 = 10 + 6 = 16
Perform multiplication before addition inside parentheses.
3
Evaluate the expression inside the curly braces.
18 - 16 = 2
Subtract the result of the round brackets from 18.
4
Perform the division inside the square brackets.
72÷2=3672 \div 2 = 36
Divide 72 by the value obtained from curly braces.
5
Calculate the percentage component of the expression.
40\% \text{ of } 150 = \frac{40}{100} \times 150 = 60
The word 'of' indicates multiplication applied to the percentage value.
6
Perform the final addition.
60 + 36 = 96
Add the result of the percentage calculation to the result of the bracket evaluation.

Key Concept

Order of Operations (BODMAS Rule) with Vinculum, Nested Brackets, and Percentages
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 288Question

During an urban mobility audit conducted among 400400 daily commuters in a metropolitan city, data was recorded regarding their regular use of three transit modes: Metro Rail (MM), Electric Bus (EE), and Shared Bicycle (BB). The survey revealed that 190190 commuters use Metro Rail, 160160 use Electric Bus, and 120120 use Shared Bicycle. Furthermore, 6060 commuters use both Metro Rail and Electric Bus, 4040 use both Electric Bus and Shared Bicycle, and 5050 use both Metro Rail and Shared Bicycle. If 2020 commuters utilize all three modes of transport, how many commuters do not use any of these three transit modes?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 60

Answer

The number of commuters who do not use any of the three transit modes is 60.
Using the 3-set inclusion-exclusion principle, the total number of commuters using at least one mode is given by MEB=(190+160+120)(60+40+50)+20=340|M \cup E \cup B| = (190 + 160 + 120) - (60 + 40 + 50) + 20 = 340. Subtracting this from the total sample of 400 yields 400340=60400 - 340 = 60 commuters who use none of the three modes.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify individual set cardinalities and intersections from the problem statement.
Total universe N=400N = 400, M=190|M| = 190, E=160|E| = 160, B=120|B| = 120, ME=60|M \cap E| = 60, EB=40|E \cap B| = 40, MB=50|M \cap B| = 50, and MEB=20|M \cap E \cap B| = 20.
Establishing accurate set values is required before applying set formulas.
2
Apply the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion formula for three overlapping sets to find the union MEB|M \cup E \cup B|.
MEB=190+160+120604050+20=340|M \cup E \cup B| = 190 + 160 + 120 - 60 - 40 - 50 + 20 = 340.
Pairwise intersections are double-counted when summing individual sets and must be subtracted, while the triple intersection is subtracted thrice and must be added back.
3
Compute the complement of the union to determine commuters using none of the modes.
Neither mode =NMEB=400340=60= N - |M \cup E \cup B| = 400 - 340 = 60.
The complement set represents all members of the universe outside the three-set union.

Key Concept

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for Three Sets
Question 289Question
Evaluate the following mathematical expression by strictly applying the BODMAS rule:
150% of 48[14.5{412×(12.8÷2.5+1.5135)+2.8}]÷0.15150\% \text{ of } 48 - \left[ 14.5 - \left\{ 4 \frac{1}{2} \times \left( 12.8 \div \overline{2.5 + 1.5} - 1 \frac{3}{5} \right) + 2.8 \right\} \right] \div 0.15
What is the simplified numerical value?
Show answer & explanation

Answer: 42

Answer

The simplified numerical value of the given mathematical expression is 42.
Following the strict BODMAS order of operations: Vinculum -> Round brackets -> Curly brackets -> Square brackets -> Division -> 'Of' -> Subtraction gives the exact result 42.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the term under the vinculum (bar)
2.5 + 1.5 = 4
The vinculum has highest priority among grouping symbols.
2
Evaluate operations inside the round brackets (parentheses)
12.8 / 4 - 1.6 = 3.2 - 1.6 = 1.6
Division inside parentheses precedes subtraction, and 1 3/5 converts to decimal 1.6.
3
Evaluate operations inside the curly brackets
4.5 * 1.6 + 2.8 = 7.2 + 2.8 = 10
Multiplication precedes addition inside curly brackets, with 4 1/2 converting to 4.5.
4
Evaluate operations inside the square brackets
14.5 - 10 = 4.5
Subtract the evaluated inner expression from 14.5.
5
Perform the division following the bracket result
4.5 / 0.15 = 30
Division operation takes precedence over final subtraction.
6
Calculate the percentage 'of' expression
150% of 48 = (150 / 100) * 48 = 72
'Of' operation is evaluated before basic addition and subtraction.
7
Compute the final subtraction
72 - 30 = 42
Subtract the result of the bracketed division term from the percentage evaluation.

Key Concept

Order of Operations (BODMAS / PEMDAS) with Vinculum and Nested Brackets
Question 290Question
Find the value of the given mathematical expression by applying the standard order of operations (BODMAS):
25[12+{8÷2×(53+1)}]25 - [12 + \{8 \div 2 \times (5 - \overline{3 + 1})\}]
Show answer & explanation

Answer: 9

Answer

9
Following the BODMAS rule: evaluate the vinculum 3+1=4\overline{3 + 1} = 4, then round brackets (54)=1(5 - 4) = 1, then curly brackets {8÷2×1}=4\{8 \div 2 \times 1\} = 4, then square brackets [12+4]=16[12 + 4] = 16, and finally 2516=925 - 16 = 9.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the expression under the vinculum (bar)
3 + 1 = 4
The vinculum has the highest precedence among brackets (VBODMAS).
2
Evaluate the innermost round bracket
5 - 4 = 1
Round brackets are evaluated after resolving the vinculum.
3
Evaluate division and multiplication inside curly brackets from left to right
8 ÷ 2 × 1 = 4 × 1 = 4
Division and multiplication have equal precedence and are resolved from left to right.
4
Evaluate addition inside square brackets
12 + 4 = 16
Square brackets are resolved next.
5
Perform final subtraction outside the brackets
25 - 16 = 9
Outer subtraction is performed as the final step.

Key Concept

Order of Operations (BODMAS / VBODMAS)
Estimated Time:45s
Question 291Question

The following table shows the number of students who appeared, passed, and failed in an annual examination across four different schools. Some data entries are missing and represented by a dash (--).

SchoolTotal StudentsPassed StudentsFailed Students
School A500350--
School B600--150
School C500400100
School D400280--

What is the total number of students who passed the examination across all four schools combined?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1480

Answer

1480
The total number of students who passed across all four schools is obtained by first calculating the missing entry for School B (600 Total150 Failed=450 Passed600 \text{ Total} - 150 \text{ Failed} = 450 \text{ Passed}) and then adding the passed student figures of all schools (350+450+400+280=1480350 + 450 + 400 + 280 = 1480).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Find the missing number of passed students for School B
Passed students in School B = 600150=450600 - 150 = 450
Total students is the sum of passed and failed students.
2
Sum the passed students across all four schools
Total passed students = 350+450+400+280=1480350 + 450 + 400 + 280 = 1480
To find the combined total, add the passed student count of each individual school.

Key Concept

Missing Data Deduction and Summation
Estimated Time:45s
Question 292Question

What is the unit digit of the composite exponential expression E=(432316×657235)+875432959411E = (432^{316} \times 657^{235}) + 875^{432} - 959^{411}?

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Answer: 4

Answer

The unit digit of the expression is 4.
Evaluating each term using cyclicity: 432316432^{316} ends in 6 (242^4), 657235657^{235} ends in 3 (737^3), 875432875^{432} ends in 5 (5n5^n), and 959411959^{411} ends in 9 (9odd9^{\text{odd}}). Combining these gives (6×3)+59=18+59=14(6 \times 3) + 5 - 9 = 18 + 5 - 9 = 14, yielding a unit digit of 4.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the unit digit of 432316432^{316}
Unit digit is 6
The unit digit of the base is 2, which has a cyclicity pattern of 4 (2, 4, 8, 6). The exponent 316 is divisible by 4 with remainder 0. For a remainder of 0, we take the 4th power in the cycle: 24=162^4 = 16, giving a unit digit of 6.
2
Determine the unit digit of 657235657^{235}
Unit digit is 3
The unit digit of the base is 7, which has a cyclicity pattern of 4 (7, 9, 3, 1). Dividing the exponent 235 by 4 gives a remainder of 3 (235=4×58+3235 = 4 \times 58 + 3). We take the 3rd power in the cycle: 73=3437^3 = 343, giving a unit digit of 3.
3
Calculate the unit digit of the product (432316×657235)(432^{316} \times 657^{235})
Unit digit is 8
Multiplying the unit digits of the two terms yields 6×3=186 \times 3 = 18, which has a unit digit of 8.
4
Determine the unit digit of 875432875^{432} and add it to the product
Unit digit of sum is 3
Any positive integer power of a base ending in 5 always ends in 5. Adding this to the product's unit digit gives 8+5=138 + 5 = 13, so the sum ends in 3.
5
Determine the unit digit of 959411959^{411} and subtract it to find the final unit digit
Final unit digit is 4
The unit digit of the base is 9, which has a cyclicity of 2 (9 for odd powers, 1 for even powers). Since 411 is odd, 959411959^{411} ends in 9. Subtracting this from the sum's unit digit gives 39139=43 - 9 \equiv 13 - 9 = 4.

Key Concept

Unit digit calculation using cyclicity patterns and modular arithmetic for multi-term exponential expressions.
Question 293Question

The following table provides the annual expenditure (in ₹ Crores) of four administrative departments in a state over three fiscal years, with some values missing (indicated by dashes '—').

Department2021-222022-232023-24Total Expenditure
Agriculture4505201450
Education6807402000
Healthcare3504201250
Infrastructure8209701110
Total22002850

Based on the data provided, what is the difference (in ₹ Crores) between the average department expenditure in 2022-23 and the average department expenditure in 2021-22?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 87.5

Answer

The difference between the average department expenditure in 2022-23 and 2021-22 is 87.5 ₹ Crores.
To find the difference between the average expenditures, we calculate the missing values first. For 2021-22, Education expenditure is 2000(680+740)=5802000 - (680 + 740) = 580 ₹ Crores. Total 2021-22 expenditure is 450+580+350+820=2200450 + 580 + 350 + 820 = 2200 ₹ Crores, making the average 2200/4=5502200 / 4 = 550 ₹ Crores. For 2022-23, Agriculture expenditure is 1450(450+520)=4801450 - (450 + 520) = 480 ₹ Crores. Total 2022-23 expenditure across all four departments is 480+680+420+970=2550480 + 680 + 420 + 970 = 2550 ₹ Crores, making the average 2550/4=637.52550 / 4 = 637.5 ₹ Crores. The difference between the averages is 637.5550=87.5637.5 - 550 = 87.5 ₹ Crores.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Find missing 2021-22 Education expenditure
580 ₹ Crores
Subtracting known expenditures (680 and 740) from the Education row total (2000 gives 20001420=5802000 - 1420 = 580.
2
Compute 2021-22 average department expenditure
550 ₹ Crores
The sum for 2021-22 is 2200 ₹ Crores. Dividing by 4 departments gives 2200/4=5502200 / 4 = 550.
3
Find missing 2022-23 Agriculture expenditure
480 ₹ Crores
Subtracting known expenditures (450 and 520) from Agriculture row total (1450) gives 1450970=4801450 - 970 = 480.
4
Compute 2022-23 average department expenditure
637.5 ₹ Crores
Summing 2022-23 department values (480+680+420+970=2550480 + 680 + 420 + 970 = 2550) and dividing by 4 gives 2550/4=637.52550 / 4 = 637.5.
5
Subtract 2021-22 average from 2022-23 average
87.5 ₹ Crores
Calculating 637.5550=87.5637.5 - 550 = 87.5 ₹ Crores.

Key Concept

Deriving missing grid values using row totals and computing comparative averages.
Estimated Time:2m 30s
Question 294Question

A positive integer NN when successively divided by 44, 55, and 66 leaves remainders of 22, 33, and 44, respectively. What is the sum of the remainders obtained when the smallest such number NN is successively divided by 66, 55, and 44, in that order?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 7

Answer

The sum of the remainders obtained when the smallest such number is successively divided by 6, 5, and 4 is 7.
The smallest positive integer NN satisfying the given successive division conditions is 94. Successively dividing 94 by 6, 5, and 4 yields quotients of 15, 3, and 0 with remainders 4, 0, and 3, respectively. The sum of these remainders is 4+0+3=74 + 0 + 3 = 7.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Formulate the algebraic equations for successive division and calculate the smallest positive value of NN.
N=94N = 94
By definition of successive division, N=4q1+2N = 4q_1 + 2, q1=5q2+3q_1 = 5q_2 + 3, and q2=6q3+4q_2 = 6q_3 + 4. Setting the non-negative integer quotient q3=0q_3 = 0 yields q2=4q_2 = 4, q1=23q_1 = 23, and N=94N = 94.
2
Perform successive division of 94 by the divisors 6, 5, and 4 in sequence.
The sequence of remainders is 44, 00, and 33.
First stage: 94÷6=1594 \div 6 = 15 remainder 44. Second stage: 15÷5=315 \div 5 = 3 remainder 00. Third stage: 3÷4=03 \div 4 = 0 remainder 33.
3
Calculate the sum of the three remainders.
4+0+3=74 + 0 + 3 = 7
Adding the individual remainders obtained from each stage of the reverse order division.

Key Concept

Successive Division and Remainder Property
Question 295Question

Three numbers xx, yy, and zz are positive integers. What is the exact value of xx?

Statement I: The arithmetic mean of xx, yy, and zz is equal to x+2x + 2, where yzy \le z.
Statement II: The least common multiple (LCM) of yy and zz is 1212, and their greatest common divisor (GCD) is 22.

Which of the following options correctly describes the sufficiency of the statements?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Neither Statement I nor Statement II is sufficient to answer the question, even when taken together.

Answer

Neither Statement I nor Statement II is sufficient to answer the question, even when taken together.
The correct answer states that neither statement is sufficient, even when combined. Statement I reduces to y+z=2x+6y + z = 2x + 6, which leaves xx dependent on the sum y+zy + z. Statement II yields two possible pairs for (y,z)(y, z) with GCD=2\text{GCD}=2 and LCM=12\text{LCM}=12, namely (2,12)(2, 12) with sum 1414, and (4,6)(4, 6) with sum 1010. Substituting y+z=14y + z = 14 gives x=4x = 4, while substituting y+z=10y + z = 10 gives x=2x = 2. Because both x=4x = 4 and x=2x = 2 are valid positive integer solutions, a single unique value for xx cannot be determined.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement I individually.
The arithmetic mean formula gives x+y+z3=x+2    x+y+z=3x+6    y+z=2x+6\frac{x + y + z}{3} = x + 2 \implies x + y + z = 3x + 6 \implies y + z = 2x + 6.
Since yy and zz are unknown positive integers, xx can take multiple values (e.g., if y+z=8y+z = 8, x=1x=1; if y+z=10y+z = 10, x=2x=2). Thus, Statement I alone is insufficient.
2
Analyze Statement II individually.
Find pairs (y,z)(y, z) such that yzy \le z, GCD(y,z)=2\text{GCD}(y, z) = 2, and LCM(y,z)=12\text{LCM}(y, z) = 12.
Since y×z=GCD×LCM=24y \times z = \text{GCD} \times \text{LCM} = 24, the valid pairs of positive integers with GCD=2\text{GCD}=2 and LCM=12\text{LCM}=12 are (2,12)(2, 12) and (4,6)(4, 6). Statement II makes no reference to xx, so it is insufficient.
3
Evaluate Statements I and II together.
Test both valid pairs from Statement II in the relation 2x=y+z62x = y + z - 6 from Statement I.
Case 1: For (y,z)=(2,12)(y, z) = (2, 12), y+z=14    2x=146=8    x=4y + z = 14 \implies 2x = 14 - 6 = 8 \implies x = 4.
Case 2: For (y,z)=(4,6)(y, z) = (4, 6), y+z=10    2x=106=4    x=2y + z = 10 \implies 2x = 10 - 6 = 4 \implies x = 2.
Since two distinct values of xx (x=4x = 4 and x=2x = 2) satisfy all conditions, both statements together are NOT sufficient to determine a unique value for xx.

Key Concept

Data Sufficiency with Multiple Discrete Solutions in Number Theory
Question 296Question

What is the unit digit of the expression 820+7138^{20} + 7^{13}?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 3

Answer

The unit digit of the given expression is 3.
The unit digit of 8208^{20} is 6 because 20 is a multiple of 4, matching the 4th term in the cyclicity cycle (8, 4, 2, 6). The unit digit of 7137^{13} is 7 because 13 leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 4, matching the 1st term in the cyclicity cycle (7, 9, 3, 1). Adding these unit digits gives 6+7=136 + 7 = 13, whose unit digit is 3.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Find the unit digit of 8208^{20}
Unit digit is 6
The cyclicity of numbers ending in 8 is 4 (pattern: 8, 4, 2, 6). Since 20 is divisible by 4 (20(mod4)=020 \pmod 4 = 0), the unit digit corresponds to the 4th power in the cycle, which is 6.
2
Find the unit digit of 7137^{13}
Unit digit is 7
The cyclicity of numbers ending in 7 is 4 (pattern: 7, 9, 3, 1). Dividing 13 by 4 gives a remainder of 1 (13(mod4)=113 \pmod 4 = 1), so the unit digit corresponds to 71=77^1 = 7.
3
Add the unit digits of both terms
3
Sum of unit digits is 6+7=136 + 7 = 13. Taking the unit digit of 13 gives 3.

Key Concept

Cyclicity of Unit Digits
Estimated Time:45s
Question 297Question

A survey was conducted among 500500 rural households in a district regarding their adoption of three e-governance services: Digital Payments (PP), E-Health Cards (HH), and Online Land Records (LL). The survey revealed that 210210 households use Digital Payments, 190190 use E-Health Cards, and 220220 use Online Land Records. Additionally, 8080 households use both Digital Payments and E-Health Cards, 7070 use both E-Health Cards and Online Land Records, and 9090 use both Digital Payments and Online Land Records. If 4040 households use all three e-governance services, how many households use at least two of these services?

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Answer: 160160

Answer

The number of households using at least two e-governance services is 160160.
To find the number of households using at least two services, we sum the households using exactly two services and those using all three services. The households using only Digital Payments and E-Health Cards is 8040=4080 - 40 = 40. The households using only E-Health Cards and Online Land Records is 7040=3070 - 40 = 30. The households using only Digital Payments and Online Land Records is 9040=5090 - 40 = 50. Adding these to the 4040 households using all three services yields 40+30+50+40=16040 + 30 + 50 + 40 = 160.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify given set parameters and triple intersection.
Total N=500N = 500, PH=80|P \cap H| = 80, HL=70|H \cap L| = 70, PL=90|P \cap L| = 90, and PHL=40|P \cap H \cap L| = 40.
Break down pairwise intersections into mutually exclusive regions.
2
Calculate households using exactly two services for each pair.
Only PP and H=8040=40H = 80 - 40 = 40; Only HH and L=7040=30L = 70 - 40 = 30; Only PP and L=9040=50L = 90 - 40 = 50.
Subtract the triple intersection count (4040) from each pairwise intersection to isolate households using exactly two services.
3
Sum households using exactly two services and households using all three services.
At least two services =40+30+50+40=160= 40 + 30 + 50 + 40 = 160.
'At least two' encompasses both 'exactly two' and 'all three' regions of the Venn diagram.

Key Concept

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for Three Sets and Mutually Exclusive Region Calculation
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 298Question
What is the simplified value of the following mathematical expression when evaluated strictly using the BODMAS rule?
25% of 160+[45÷{15(3.5×2+85)}]×2.525\% \text{ of } 160 + \left[ 45 \div \left\{ 15 - \left( 3.5 \times 2 + \overline{8 - 5} \right) \right\} \right] \times 2.5
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Answer: 62.5

Answer

62.5
Evaluating step-by-step according to BODMAS: first the vinculum gives 3; the round bracket gives 3.5 × 2 + 3 = 10; the curly bracket gives 15 - 10 = 5; the square bracket gives 45 ÷ 5 = 9. Next, 25% of 160 yields 40. Then multiplication gives 9 × 2.5 = 22.5. Finally, adding 40 + 22.5 gives 62.5.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the expression under the bar (vinculum)
\overline{8 - 5} = 3
The bar (vinculum) acts as the innermost bracket and takes highest priority.
2
Evaluate the innermost round brackets, applying multiplication before addition
(3.5 \times 2 + 3) = (7 + 3) = 10
Within round brackets, multiplication precedes addition.
3
Evaluate the curly brackets
\{15 - 10\} = 5
Perform subtraction inside the curly brackets.
4
Evaluate the square brackets
[45÷5]=9[45 \div 5] = 9
Perform division inside the square brackets.
5
Calculate the percentage term ('of' operation)
25\% \text{ of } 160 = \frac{25}{100} \times 160 = 40
'Of' represents multiplication linked to percentage.
6
Perform multiplication before addition in the outer expression
9×2.5=22.59 \times 2.5 = 22.5
Multiplication takes precedence over addition.
7
Perform final addition
40 + 22.5 = 62.5
Add the result of the percentage term to the bracket evaluation term.

Key Concept

BODMAS Rule (Brackets, Orders, Division/Multiplication, Addition/Subtraction) with Vinculum and Percentages
Question 299Question
What is the simplified value of the following mathematical expression when evaluated using the standard BODMAS rule?
25% of 180[4.8+{12÷(313×0.8+0.4)}]25\% \text{ of } 180 - \left[ 4.8 + \left\{ 12 \div \left( 3\frac{1}{3} \times \overline{0.8 + 0.4} \right) \right\} \right]
Show answer & explanation

Answer: 37.237.2

Answer

The simplified value of the expression is 37.237.2.
Evaluating strictly according to the BODMAS hierarchical priority: first resolve the vinculum 0.8+0.4=1.2\overline{0.8 + 0.4} = 1.2, then the round brackets 103×1.2=4\frac{10}{3} \times 1.2 = 4, then the division in curly brackets 12÷4=312 \div 4 = 3, followed by square bracket addition 4.8+3=7.84.8 + 3 = 7.8, and finally subtracting this from 25% of 180=4525\% \text{ of } 180 = 45 gives 457.8=37.245 - 7.8 = 37.2.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the expression under the vinculum bar first
0.8+0.4=1.2\overline{0.8 + 0.4} = 1.2
According to the BODMAS rule, operations under a vinculum bar have the highest priority over all other brackets.
2
Convert the mixed fraction and evaluate the round brackets
313×1.2=103×1210=43\frac{1}{3} \times 1.2 = \frac{10}{3} \times \frac{12}{10} = 4
Convert 3133\frac{1}{3} to the improper fraction 103\frac{10}{3} and multiply by 1.21.2 (or 65\frac{6}{5}).
3
Evaluate the expression inside the curly brackets
12÷4=312 \div 4 = 3
Perform division of 1212 by the result of the round brackets (44).
4
Evaluate the expression inside the square brackets
4.8+3=7.84.8 + 3 = 7.8
Add 4.84.8 to the result obtained from the curly brackets (33).
5
Calculate the percentage term and perform the final subtraction
25% of 180=25100×180=4525\% \text{ of } 180 = \frac{25}{100} \times 180 = 45; then 457.8=37.245 - 7.8 = 37.2
'Of' represents multiplication for the percentage term, which is evaluated and then reduced by the square bracket result.

Key Concept

BODMAS Rule with Vinculum and Mixed Operations
Question 300Question

What is the unit digit of the composite exponential expression S=717100+424101818100S = 717^{100} + 424^{101} - 818^{100}?

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Answer: 9

Answer

The unit digit of the expression is 9.
Evaluating each term using its base cyclicity gives unit digits of 1 for 717100717^{100}, 4 for 424101424^{101}, and 6 for 818100818^{100}. Combining them yields 1+46=11 + 4 - 6 = -1. Adding 10 to adjust for borrowing in unit digit subtraction gives 1+10=9-1 + 10 = 9.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Find the unit digit of 717100717^{100}
Unit digit is 1
The unit digit of the base is 7. The cyclicity of 7 is 4 (71=7,72=9,73=3,74=17^1=7, 7^2=9, 7^3=3, 7^4=1). Dividing the exponent 100 by 4 leaves remainder 0, which corresponds to the 4th power: 741(mod10)7^4 \equiv 1 \pmod{10}.
2
Find the unit digit of 424101424^{101}
Unit digit is 4
The unit digit of the base is 4. The cyclicity of 4 is 2 (4odd=4,4even=64^{\text{odd}}=4, 4^{\text{even}}=6). Since the exponent 101 is odd, the unit digit is 4.
3
Find the unit digit of 818100818^{100}
Unit digit is 6
The unit digit of the base is 8. The cyclicity of 8 is 4 (81=8,82=4,83=2,84=68^1=8, 8^2=4, 8^3=2, 8^4=6). Dividing the exponent 100 by 4 leaves remainder 0, which corresponds to the 4th power: 846(mod10)8^4 \equiv 6 \pmod{10}.
4
Combine the unit digits to find the final result
Unit digit is 9
Substitute the individual unit digits into the expression: 1+46=56=11 + 4 - 6 = 5 - 6 = -1. Converting 1-1 to a positive unit digit modulo 10 gives 1+10=9-1 + 10 = 9.

Key Concept

Unit digit determination using cyclicity and modular arithmetic for composite exponential expressions.
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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