All practice questions

Question 4001Question →

Based on the family relationships described below, match each person in List I with their correct relationship to $Q$ in List II.

Family Narrative:
In a family of six members— $M, N, O, P, Q,$ and $R$ :
- $M$ is the father of $N$ .
- $O$ is the mother-in-law of $P$ .
- $P$ is the wife of $N$ .
- $Q$ is the daughter of $P$ .
- $R$ is the brother of $M$ .

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

M

matches with Paternal Grandfather,

O

matches with Paternal Grandmother,

P

matches with Mother, and

R

matches with Grand-uncle (Brother of Paternal Grandfather).

Each member's relationship to

Q

is systematically established by building the family tree from

Q

's parents (

N

and

P

) upwards to the paternal grandparents (

M

and

O

) and collaterals (

R

).

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Determine the direct parentage of

Q

P

is the mother of

Q

, and

N

(the husband of

P

) is the father of

Q

.

Since

Q

is the daughter of

P

,

P

is her mother.

P

is married to

N

, making

N

the father.

2

Trace the paternal grandparent lineage

M

is the paternal grandfather, and

O

is the paternal grandmother of

Q

.

M

is the father of

N

(father's father = paternal grandfather).

O

is the mother-in-law of

P

, meaning

O

is the mother of

N

(father's mother = paternal grandmother).

3

Determine the relation of

R

R

is the grand-uncle (brother of paternal grandfather) of

Q

.

R

is the brother of

M

. Because

M

is the paternal grandfather of

Q

,

R

is the paternal grandfather's brother.

Key Concept

Multi-generational Blood Relations and Family Tree Analysis

Question 4002Question →

Pointing to a photograph of a girl, a man says, "Her mother is the only daughter of my mother-in-law." How is the man related to the girl in the photograph?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Father; father

Answer

Father

The only daughter of the man's mother-in-law is his wife. Because the girl's mother is the man's wife, the man is her father.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the relation 'only daughter of my mother-in-law'.

The only daughter of a man's mother-in-law is the man's wife.

A person's mother-in-law is their spouse's mother; hence her only daughter must be his wife.

2

Link the girl in the photograph to the man's wife.

The girl's mother is the man's wife.

The statement states that the girl's mother is the only daughter of the mother-in-law.

3

Deduce the relationship between the man and the girl.

The man is the girl's father.

Since the girl is the daughter of the man's wife, the man is her father.

Key Concept

Blood Relations - Pointing Narrative

Estimated Time:45s

Question 4003Question →

In a certain code language, the word DISRUPT is written as GSFUHLW. Based on the same logical transformation rule, how is the word PATIENT written in that code language?

GQVLGDK

KDGLVQG

FQULFDJ

WMHRWZS

Show answer & explanation

Answer: GQVLGDK

Answer

The word PATIENT is coded as GQVLGDK.

The correct answer GQVLGDK is formed by taking the word PATIENT, replacing letters at odd positions with their opposite alphabetical letters (

27 - \text{alphabet position}

), advancing letters at even positions by

+3

, and reversing the overall string sequence.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the letter transformations in the example word DISRUPT (7 letters).

Letters at odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th) are replaced by their reverse alphabetical counterparts (

A \leftrightarrow Z, B \leftrightarrow Y

, calculated as

27 - \text{position}

). Letters at even positions (2nd, 4th, 6th) are shifted forward by

+3

steps in the alphabet.

Identifying the positional parity rules from the sample word.

2

Transform each letter of DISRUPT individually.

D(1, odd)

\rightarrow

W (27-4=23); I(2, even)

\rightarrow

L (9+3=12); S(3, odd)

\rightarrow

H (27-19=8); R(4, even)

\rightarrow

U (18+3=21); U(5, odd)

\rightarrow

F (27-21=6); P(6, even)

\rightarrow

S (16+3=19); T(7, odd)

\rightarrow

G (27-20=7). Intermediate string: WLHUFSG.

Deriving the intermediate string prior to reversal.

3

Reverse the order of the intermediate string WLHUFSG.

Reversing WLHUFSG yields GSFUHLW, matching the code given in the problem stem.

Confirming the complete multi-step transformation rule.

4

Apply the verified rule to the target word PATIENT.

P(1, odd)

\rightarrow

K (27-16=11); A(2, even)

\rightarrow

D (1+3=4); T(3, odd)

\rightarrow

G (27-20=7); I(4, even)

\rightarrow

L (9+3=12); E(5, odd)

\rightarrow

V (27-5=22); N(6, even)

\rightarrow

Q (14+3=17); T(7, odd)

\rightarrow

G (27-20=7). Intermediate string: KDGLVQG.

Computing transformed letters for all positions in PATIENT.

5

Reverse the intermediate string KDGLVQG.

Reversing KDGLVQG produces the final code GQVLGDK.

Completing the final operation of the coding rule.

Key Concept

Positional parity-based letter transformation combined with reverse alphabetical indexing and string reversal.

Estimated Time:2m 0s

Question 4004Question →

What is the unit digit of the composite expression $E = (648^{116} \times 437^{85}) - 322^{90}$ ?

8

3

2

7

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 8

Answer

The unit digit of the expression is 8.

The term

648^{116}

has a unit digit of 6 (since

116 \pmod 4 = 0

, giving

8^4 \equiv 6 \pmod{10}

), and

437^{85}

has a unit digit of 7 (since

85 \pmod 4 = 1

, giving

7^1 \equiv 7 \pmod{10}

). The product of these two terms yields a unit digit of

(6 \times 7) \pmod{10} = 2

. The subtracted term

322^{90}

has a unit digit of 4 (since

90 \pmod 4 = 2

, giving

2^2 \equiv 4 \pmod{10}

). Subtracting gives

2 - 4 = -2 \equiv 8 \pmod{10}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Find the unit digit of

648^{116}

Unit digit is 6

The base unit digit is 8, which follows a cyclicity of 4 (8, 4, 2, 6). Exponent

116 \div 4 = 29

with remainder 0. A remainder of 0 corresponds to the 4th position in the cyclicity cycle (

8^4 = 4096

), giving a unit digit of 6.

2

Find the unit digit of

437^{85}

Unit digit is 7

The base unit digit is 7, which follows a cyclicity of 4 (7, 9, 3, 1). Exponent

85 \div 4 = 21

with remainder 1. A remainder of 1 corresponds to the 1st power (

7^1 = 7

), giving a unit digit of 7.

3

Calculate the unit digit of the product

(648^{116} \times 437^{85})

Unit digit is 2

Multiplying the unit digits from Step 1 and Step 2 gives

6 \times 7 = 42

, which has a unit digit of 2.

4

Find the unit digit of

322^{90}

Unit digit is 4

The base unit digit is 2, which follows a cyclicity of 4 (2, 4, 8, 6). Exponent

90 \div 4 = 22

with remainder 2. A remainder of 2 corresponds to the 2nd power (

2^2 = 4

), giving a unit digit of 4.

5

Subtract to find the overall unit digit of

E

Unit digit is 8

Subtracting the unit digits gives

2 - 4 = -2

. Converting to a positive unit digit in base 10 arithmetic gives

-2 + 10 = 8

.

Key Concept

Unit Digit and Cyclicity Rules for Exponential Expressions

Question 4005Question →

Determine the missing values to logically complete the given numerical sequence.

Fill in the blanks below

In the sequence $3, 8, 18, 38, , 158, $, the first missing term is and the second missing term is .

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The first missing term is 78 and the second missing term is 318.

The pattern governing the sequence can be defined recursively as

a_{n+1} = 2a_n + 2

. Following

38

, the term is

(38 \times 2) + 2 = 78

. Following

158

, the term is

(158 \times 2) + 2 = 318

. Alternatively, observing the difference between consecutive terms shows

+5, +10, +20, +40, +80, +160

, yielding

38 + 40 = 78

and

158 + 160 = 318

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the rule connecting consecutive terms in the sequence

Each term is generated by multiplying the preceding term by

2

and adding

2

:

(3 \times 2) + 2 = 8

,

(8 \times 2) + 2 = 18

, and

(18 \times 2) + 2 = 38

. Alternatively, the differences between successive terms double each step (

+5, +10, +20, \dots

).

Identifying the mathematical operational relationship allows computing unknown terms.

2

Calculate the value for the first blank following

38

(38 \times 2) + 2 = 76 + 2 = 78

(or

38 + 40 = 78

).

Applying the identified rule to

38

yields the first missing term.

3

Verify the calculated value against the given term

158

(78 \times 2) + 2 = 156 + 2 = 158

(or

78 + 80 = 158

).

Ensures consistency across the pattern before proceeding to the final term.

4

Calculate the value for the second blank following

158

(158 \times 2) + 2 = 316 + 2 = 318

(or

158 + 160 = 318

).

Applying the operational rule to

158

yields the second missing term.

Key Concept

Mixed Arithmetic Series and Double Difference Progression

Estimated Time:1m 15s

Question 4006Question →

During a severe cyclonic storm alert, a major fire breaks out at a central government agricultural logistics depot containing bulk food grains and high-density organophosphate pesticide stockpiles located adjacent to a dense fishing village. As the Additional District Magistrate (ADM) designated as the site Incident Commander, you are informed that smoke plumes carrying potential toxic residues are shifting toward the village, while local warehouse workers attempt to re-enter the facility to rescue essential food inventory. Which of the following represents the most appropriate immediate course of action?

Establish an immediate hazardous material cordon around the depot, initiate orderly evacuation of the downwind village to designated relief shelters, and direct specialized chemical fire-suppression teams while securing alternative food supply channels.

Authorize warehouse workers to quickly retrieve critical food grain reserves using basic protective equipment before sealing off the area to prevent regional food shortages.

Impose an immediate complete curfew across the entire district and impound all private vehicles to prevent public movement until the fire is extinguished.

Instruct the local warehouse manager to manage site containment and defer evacuation decisions until a formal chemical risk assessment report is received from state headquarters.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Establish an immediate hazardous material cordon around the depot, initiate orderly evacuation of the downwind village to designated relief shelters, and direct specialized chemical fire-suppression teams while securing alternative food supply channels.

Answer

Establish an immediate hazardous material cordon around the depot, initiate orderly evacuation of the downwind village to designated relief shelters, and direct specialized chemical fire-suppression teams while securing alternative food supply channels.

The correct action prioritizes human safety by establishing a hazardous material isolation zone and evacuating vulnerable populations exposed to toxic smoke plumes, while adhering strictly to statutory disaster management protocols and deploying appropriate specialized emergency services.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Assess public safety hazards and prioritize immediate life-threat mitigation.

Identify toxic pesticide smoke moving toward a populated village as the primary hazard.

Public safety and life preservation must take precedence over asset preservation during hazardous chemical emergencies.

2

Enforce statutory crisis protocols and containment boundaries.

Set up a hazardous material cordon to prevent unauthorized entry (stopping warehouse workers from risking toxic exposure) and order a downwind evacuation.

Standard Incident Command System protocols dictate immediate containment and evacuation when chemical hazards are present.

3

Address secondary logistics and long-term impact through inter-agency coordination.

Engage specialized chemical firefighting units and arrange alternative food grain supply pipelines through administrative channels.

Administrative problem solving requires mitigating long-term operational impacts without compromising emergency safety procedures.

Key Concept

Crisis Management and Emergency Response Protocols in Public Administration

Question 4007Question →

Match each administrative dilemma faced by a civil servant in Column I with the primary governing administrative ethical principle or statutory duty that should dictate its resolution in Column II. Which of the following alignments represents the correct set of pairs?

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct alignment pairs: (1) Overriding automated welfare verification with Procedural Integrity and Rule-Based Governance; (2) Accepting unverified low bids with Precautionary Principle and Public Safety Due Diligence; (3) De-notifying ecological buffer zones with Sustainable Development and Public Trust Doctrine; and (4) Publishing audit leakages during elections with Institutional Transparency and Politically Neutral Accountability.

Each administrative dilemma directly corresponds to its foundational ethical and statutory principle: welfare verification safeguards rule-based governance; procurement due diligence prioritizes public safety; environmental protection reflects the public trust doctrine; and timely audit reporting enforces non-partisan institutional transparency.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze Dilemma 1 (Expediting Welfare vs. Bypassing Verification Systems)

Identified conflict between short-term service delivery speed and statutory process compliance.

Civil servants must maintain procedural integrity; bypassing systemic controls introduces security risks and compromises rule-based governance.

2

Analyze Dilemma 2 (Procurement Savings vs. Unverified Equipment Safety)

Identified tension between fiscal economy and public safety risks.

Under public procurement ethics, cost minimization is secondary to due diligence and the precautionary principle regarding public life and health.

3

Analyze Dilemma 3 (Commercial Development vs. Ecological Buffer Preservation)

Identified conflict between immediate economic expansion and long-term environmental protection.

State resources and ecologically sensitive areas are held under the public trust doctrine, requiring adherence to sustainable development over commercial convenience.

4

Analyze Dilemma 4 (Disclosing Audit Discrepancies vs. Political Electoral Timing)

Identified tension between institutional openness and political sensitivity.

Administrative ethics mandate strict political neutrality and commitment to public transparency, ensuring audit disclosures are conducted strictly according to statutory duty.

Key Concept

Frameworks of Administrative Ethics, Statutory Duties, and Public Interest Balancing

Estimated Time:2m 30s

Question 4008Question →

As an Executive Officer of a Municipal Corporation responding to a sudden localized drinking water contamination incident in a ward, arrange the following administrative interventions in the correct order of priority, from the most urgent immediate action to the long-term preventive measure.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct priority sequence begins with issuing a public warning advisory and distributing clean tanker water, followed by treating patients and collecting lab samples, isolating and repairing the damaged pipe segment, and concluding with a city-wide infrastructure audit for long-term preventive upgrades.

In public administrative response to crises, priority follows a clear logical progression: immediate public risk warning and emergency resource provision take top priority, followed by health treatment and diagnostic sampling, targeted physical repair of the breach, and lastly, long-term systemic network audits.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the immediate harm reduction and public containment action.

Warning residents and supplying emergency tanker water prevents further ingestion of contaminants.

Public administration safety protocols prioritize preventing further harm over technical analysis or repair.

2

Deploy emergency healthcare and diagnostic testing.

Mobile health clinics treat affected individuals while water sampling pinpoints the exact hazard.

Treating casualties and identifying the pollutant is critical immediately after securing basic safety.

3

Execute targeted physical repair work.

Isolating the localized pipe breach stops further contamination entry into the distribution main.

Infrastructure repair remedies the source of the problem once emergency public health needs are addressed.

4

Implement systemic preventive measures.

Auditing the broader municipal network ensures long-term infrastructure reliability.

Comprehensive network upgrades represent long-term administrative planning rather than emergency crisis response.

Key Concept

Hierarchy of Urgent Administrative Action in Crisis Management

Question 4009Question →

Read the following coded relationship definitions carefully:
- $P \div Q$ means ' $P$ is the mother of $Q$ '
- $P + Q$ means ' $P$ is the father of $Q$ '
- $P \times Q$ means ' $P$ is the brother of $Q$ '
- $P - Q$ means ' $P$ is the sister of $Q$ '

Based on the expression $J \div K + L \times M - N + O$ , how is $O$ related to $J$ ?

Great-grandson

Great-granddaughter

Paternal Great-grandmother

Cannot be determined

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Cannot be determined

Answer

Cannot be determined, as the gender of

O

is not specified in the given expression.

Tracing the expression shows that

J

is the mother of

K

,

K

is the father of

N

, and

N

is the father of

O

. This makes

J

the great-grandmother of

O

, which means

O

is the great-grandchild of

J

. Since

O

is the terminal node in

N + O

, no operation defines

O

's gender. Therefore,

O

could be either a great-grandson or a great-granddaughter, making the exact relationship impossible to determine.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Decode the maternal and paternal lineage from the first part of the expression

J \div K

implies

J

is the mother of

K

.

K + L

implies

K

is the father of

L

.

Establishing the top two generations of the family lineage.

2

Determine the sibling relationships in the third generation

L \times M - N

indicates that

L

,

M

, and

N

are siblings (children of

K

). Specifically,

N

is a male child of

K

.

Identifying that

N

belongs to the third generation as

K

's son.

3

Analyze the relationship to the fourth generation and test for gender clarity

N + O

shows

N

is the father of

O

. Thus,

O

is the child of

N

, making

O

the great-grandchild of

J

. However, the gender of

O

is unstated.

Evaluating whether

O

's gender can be uniquely determined.

Key Concept

Gender ambiguity in coded blood relations

Question 4010Question →

What is the simplified value of the following mathematical expression?

45 \div 5 \times 3 + [18 - \{14 - (8 - 3)\}]

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 36

Answer

36

Following the BODMAS rule step by step:
1. Innermost parenthesis:

8 - 3 = 5

.
2. Curly braces:

14 - 5 = 9

.
3. Square brackets:

18 - 9 = 9

.
4. Left-to-right division and multiplication:

45 \div 5 \times 3 = 9 \times 3 = 27

.
5. Addition:

27 + 9 = 36

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Evaluate the innermost round brackets

8 - 3 = 5

According to the BODMAS rule, operations inside the innermost brackets must be solved first.

2

Evaluate the expression inside the curly braces

14 - 5 = 9

Substitute the result from the round brackets into the curly braces.

3

Evaluate the expression inside the square brackets

18 - 9 = 9

Substitute the result from the curly braces into the square brackets.

4

Perform Division and Multiplication from left to right

45 / 5 * 3 = 9 * 3 = 27

Division and multiplication have equal precedence and must be evaluated strictly from left to right.

5

Add the result of the bracket terms to the result of the arithmetic terms

27 + 9 = 36

Final addition yields the simplified result.

Key Concept

BODMAS Rule (Brackets, Orders, Division and Multiplication left-to-right, Addition and Subtraction left-to-right)

Question 4011Question →

Determine the unknown value $X$ that completes each of the following numerical analogies, and arrange the four items in ascending order based on their value of $X$ :

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct order from smallest to largest value of

X

is the third item (

X = 18

), followed by the second item (

X = 60

), the first item (

X = 64

), and the fourth item (

X = 125

).

Solving each analogy gives

X = 18

for the third item (

9 \times 2

),

X = 60

for the second item (

6 \times 10

),

X = 64

for the first item (

8^2

), and

X = 125

for the fourth item (

5^3

). Ordering these solved values from lowest to highest produces the sequence: Item 3, Item 2, Item 1, Item 4.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Calculate the unknown value

X

for each individual numerical analogy.

For Item 1,

X = 8^2 = 64

. For Item 2,

X = 6 \times 10 = 60

. For Item 3,

X = 9 \times 2 = 18

. For Item 4,

X = 5^3 = 125

.

Identify the relationship established by the first pair in each item and apply it to find

X

.

2

Arrange the resulting

X

values in increasing (ascending) order.

Comparing the values:

18 < 60 < 64 < 125

.

Sorting the values yields the sequence: Item 3 (

18

), Item 2 (

60

), Item 1 (

64

), Item 4 (

125

).

Key Concept

Numerical Analogy and Order Comparison

Question 4012Question →

As a District Collector managing a sudden outbreak of a highly contagious zoonotic disease at a major commercial dairy farming hub, you must allocate scarce personnel and emergency equipment under strict time constraints. Civil service crisis response guidelines require ordering administrative interventions according to established operational priorities: (1) Immediate hazard isolation and containment, (2) Preventive risk mitigation in adjacent vulnerable areas, (3) Immediate socio-economic relief for impacted citizens, and (4) Long-term structural recovery and rehabilitation.

In what sequence should you execute the following administrative actions, from HIGHEST priority (first action) to LOWEST priority (final action)?

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The optimal administrative sequence starts with immediate epicenter quarantine and decontamination, followed by buffer-zone ring vaccination, direct financial compensation for affected farmers, and concludes with long-term biosecurity and restocking support.

Under standardized administrative crisis management protocols, active containment of a public health hazard (quarantine at the epicenter) must always precede secondary measures. Once the hazard is isolated, preventive risk mitigation (ring-vaccination in buffer zones) builds defense barriers. Addressing socio-economic hardship (interim financial compensation) comes third to ensure public compliance and survival. Finally, long-term rehabilitation (biosecurity infrastructure and restocking support) takes place after the immediate threat is neutralized.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Prioritize immediate hazard isolation at the source.

Sealing livestock transport and establishing a quarantine zone at the epicenter prevents outward viral transmission.

Public health containment takes absolute operational precedence over secondary administrative functions.

2

Implement preventive barriers in adjoining vulnerable areas.

Deploying mobile units for ring-vaccination and screening builds immunity buffers in neighboring villages.

Preventive mitigation protects adjacent populations from potential leakages outside the primary zone.

3

Address acute socio-economic distress among affected communities.

Direct financial compensation assists farmers suffering immediate income loss due to culling.

Relieving financial hardship ensures public cooperation and mitigates distress after health risks are controlled.

4

Establish post-crisis recovery and monitoring systems.

Setting up permanent biosecurity infrastructure and restocking loans restores the local economy.

Structural rehabilitation secures long-term stability once the acute crisis has ended.

Key Concept

Administrative Crisis Response Hierarchy and Priority Sequencing

Question 4013Question →

Based on the following coded family relationship definitions:
- $P + Q$ means ' $P$ is the father of $Q$ '
- $P \times Q$ means ' $P$ is the mother of $Q$ '
- $P - Q$ means ' $P$ is the sister of $Q$ '
- $P \div Q$ means ' $P$ is the brother of $Q$ '

Consider the expression: $D + A - E \times F \div C - B$ , where $B$ is a male.

Match each individual on the left with their precise relationship to $B$ on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct pairings are: D is the Maternal Grandfather of B, E is the Mother of B, A is the Maternal Aunt of B, and F is the Brother of B.

By systematically breaking down the expression

D + A - E \times F \div C - B

:

E

is the mother of

B

,

F

is

B

's brother,

A

is

E

's sister (maternal aunt to

B

), and

D

is the father of

E

(maternal grandfather to

B

).

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Decode the core sibling chain involving B

E \times F \div C - B

expands to:

E

is mother of

F

;

F

is brother of

C

;

C

is sister of

B

. This establishes that

E

is the mother of all three siblings (

F, C, B

), making

E

the Mother of

B

and

F

the Brother of

B

.

Establishing the direct parentage and sibling generation is essential before determining extended relationships.

2

Analyze the maternal line extended to A

A - E

indicates

A

is the sister of

E

. Since

E

is the mother of

B

,

A

is the sister of

B

's mother, making

A

the Maternal Aunt of

B

.

A mother's sister is by definition a maternal aunt.

3

Determine the relation of D to B

D + A

means

D

is the father of

A

. Because

A

and

E

are sisters,

D

is also the father of

E

. Since

E

is

B

's mother,

D

is the father of

B

's mother, making

D

the Maternal Grandfather of

B

.

A mother's father is specifically the maternal grandfather.

Key Concept

Coded blood relation decoding and multi-generational tree tracking

Question 4014Question →

The following criteria must be satisfied for approving a financial grant under the State Sustainable Agriculture Scheme as of June 1, 2026:

1. The farming cooperative must be officially registered for at least 5 years.
2. The cooperative must have a minimum of 100 active organic farmers as registered members.
3. The annual financial turnover for FY 2025–26 must be at least ₹50 Lakhs.
4. The cooperative must possess an official State Organic Soil Health Certification.

However, the following exceptions apply:
- If a cooperative does not satisfy criterion 1, but is led by a women's self-help group with at least 3 years of registered operation, the case is to be referred to the State Women Development Board.
- If a cooperative does not satisfy criterion 3, but has established a solar-powered micro-irrigation facility covering over 50 acres, the turnover requirement is waived and the grant can be approved directly by the Agricultural Sanctioning Committee.
- If a cooperative does not satisfy criterion 4, but has submitted soil test reports from an ICAR-accredited laboratory certified within the last 6 months, the case is to be referred to the Chief Agricultural Officer for relaxation.

Case Information:
Green Valley Organic Producers Cooperative was registered in August 2020. As of June 1, 2026, it has 120 active organic farming members. Its audited turnover for FY 2025–26 was ₹38 Lakhs. It has installed a solar-powered micro-irrigation system covering 65 acres. Although it lacks the State Organic Soil Health Certification, it submitted ICAR-accredited laboratory soil reports certified in January 2026.

Which of the following is the correct administrative decision regarding the grant application of Green Valley Organic Producers Cooperative?

The case should be referred to the Chief Agricultural Officer for relaxation.

The grant should be approved directly by the Agricultural Sanctioning Committee.

The grant application should be rejected immediately due to non-fulfillment of annual turnover and certification criteria.

The case should be referred to the State Women Development Board.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The case should be referred to the Chief Agricultural Officer for relaxation.

Answer

The case should be referred to the Chief Agricultural Officer for relaxation.

The cooperative satisfies Criterion 1 (registered for over 5 years) and Criterion 2 (120 members). While it fails Criterion 3 (turnover of ₹38 Lakhs vs ₹50 Lakhs required), its 65-acre solar-powered micro-irrigation system meets the exception clause to waive the turnover deficit. For Criterion 4, although it lacks the State certification, its ICAR laboratory report certified in January 2026 is within 5 months (less than the 6-month threshold), triggering the clause to refer the application to the Chief Agricultural Officer for relaxation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Evaluate Primary Criteria 1 and 2

Criterion 1 (registered August 2020 to June 2026 = 5 years 10 months ≥ 5 years) is SATISFIED. Criterion 2 (120 members ≥ 100 members) is SATISFIED.

The cooperative meets both core organizational requirements directly.

2

Evaluate Criterion 3 and its Exception Clause

Turnover is ₹38 Lakhs (< ₹50 Lakhs), failing primary Criterion 3. However, it has solar micro-irrigation on 65 acres (> 50 acres), so the turnover condition is waived.

The exception clause for turnover is completely satisfied, avoiding disqualification on financial grounds.

3

Evaluate Criterion 4 and its Exception Clause

Lacks State Certification, failing primary Criterion 4. However, ICAR soil reports from January 2026 are within the 6-month limit (5 months old as of June 1, 2026).

The exception condition for soil certification is met, dictating a specific administrative referral rather than direct approval or outright rejection.

4

Determine Final Administrative Status

Since Criterion 3 is waived and Criterion 4 qualifies for referral, the application must be sent to the Chief Agricultural Officer.

Following statutory protocol requires executing the specified referral procedure.

Key Concept

Analytical Decision Making and Criteria Selection

Estimated Time:2m 0s

Question 4015Question →

The table below presents the freshwater fish production and pricing metrics across four regional inland lake zones managed by the State Fisheries Development Board for the year 2025:

Lake Zone	Total Catch (in Tonnes)	Export Grade Share (%)	Local Market Price (in ₹ per kg)	Export Market Price (in ₹ per kg)
Lake Alpha	400	30%	150	350
Lake Beta	500	40%	160	400
Lake Gamma	350	20%	140	300
Lake Delta	600	25%	180	420

Note: $1\text{ Tonne} = 1,000\text{ kg}$ and $1\text{ Lakh} = 100,000$ .

Based on the table, calculate the total revenue (in ₹ Lakhs) generated by Lake Beta from both local and export market sales combined.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1280

Answer

The total revenue generated by Lake Beta from local and export market sales combined is ₹1,280 Lakhs.

Lake Beta produces

500\text{ tonnes} = 500,000\text{ kg}

of fish.

40\%

of this (

200,000\text{ kg}

) is exported at ₹

400/\text{kg}

, yielding ₹

800\text{ Lakhs}

. The remaining

60\%

(

300,000\text{ kg}

) is sold locally at ₹

160/\text{kg}

, yielding ₹

480\text{ Lakhs}

. Combining both gives ₹

1,280\text{ Lakhs}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Convert the total catch of Lake Beta to kilograms.

500\text{ tonnes} = 500,000\text{ kg}

.

Prices are given per kilogram, so total mass must be in kilograms.

2

Partition the total catch into export grade and local market quantities.

Export quantity =

40\% \times 500,000 = 200,000\text{ kg}

; Local quantity =

60\% \times 500,000 = 300,000\text{ kg}

.

Different market prices apply to export grade vs local grade catch.

3

Calculate monetary revenue for each grade and find their sum in ₹ Lakhs.

Export revenue =

200,000 \times 400 = ₹80,000,000 = ₹800\text{ Lakhs}

; Local revenue =

300,000 \times 160 = ₹48,000,000 = ₹480\text{ Lakhs}

; Total =

800 + 480 = ₹1,280\text{ Lakhs}

.

Summing both revenue streams gives the total earnings for Lake Beta.

Key Concept

Weighted revenue calculation from multi-column tabular data

Estimated Time:1m 30s

Question 4016Question →

An inspector starts walking from a police station and walks $30\text{ m}$ towards the East. He then turns right and walks $40\text{ m}$ to reach a checkpoint. What is the shortest direct distance between the police station and the checkpoint?

50\text{ m}

70\text{ m}

10\text{ m}

10\sqrt{7}\text{ m}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $50\text{ m}$

Answer

The shortest direct distance between the police station and the checkpoint is

50\text{ m}

.

The inspector's path consists of

30\text{ m}

East followed by a perpendicular

40\text{ m}

South. The shortest direct path forms the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle with legs of

30\text{ m}

and

40\text{ m}

. Applying

\sqrt{30^2 + 40^2} = \sqrt{2500}

gives

50\text{ m}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Determine the path and orientations.

The inspector moves

30\text{ m}

East and then turns right to walk

40\text{ m}

South.

A right turn when traveling East directs movement towards the South.

2

Calculate the shortest straight-line distance using the Pythagorean theorem.

Distance

d = \sqrt{30^2 + 40^2} = \sqrt{900 + 1600} = \sqrt{2500} = 50\text{ m}

.

The East and South movements are perpendicular to each other, forming a right-angled triangle where the direct distance is the hypotenuse.

Key Concept

Shortest Distance using Pythagorean Theorem

Question 4017Question →

In a family of seven members— $P, Q, R, S, T, U,$ and $V$ —spanning three generations, there are two married couples. $P$ is the brother-in-law of $R$ , who is the only daughter of $U$ . $S$ is the father of $Q$ and $P$ . $T$ is the maternal grandmother of $V$ , and $Q$ is married to $R$ . If $V$ is a male child of $Q$ and $R$ , how is $V$ related to $U$ ?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Grandson; Maternal grandson; Grand-son; Maternal Grandson

Answer

Grandson (or Maternal grandson)

Since R is the daughter of U and the mother of V, U is the grandfather of V. Because V is male, V is the grandson (or maternal grandson) of U.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Determine the relation between R and Q, and identify their genders.

R is the daughter of U (female). Q is married to R, which means Q is male.

Marriage in standard family tree problems consists of one male and one female.

2

Identify the maternal lineage of V.

V is the child of Q (father) and R (mother), making R the mother of V.

Since T is the maternal grandmother of V, T is the mother of R, and U is the father of R.

3

Determine the relationship between V and U.

U is the maternal grandfather of V, making V the grandson (maternal grandson) of U.

V is the male child of U's daughter R.

Key Concept

Multi-generational family tree blood relations and maternal lineage deduction.

Question 4018Question →

An irrigation canal system supplying critical agricultural blocks faces severe operational degradation due to silt accumulation, rampant aquatic weed growth, and unregulated fertilizer runoff. Match each Administrative Policy Intervention in List-I with its primary qualitative Cause-and-Effect Operational Outcome in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct pairings link each administrative intervention directly to its functional outcome: clearing physical blockages provides immediate hydraulic relief; regulating upstream runoff addresses the root nutrient cause of weed growth; automated gates manage real-time flow surges; and community committees ensure long-term civic maintenance.

Each administrative action is matched to its direct operational outcome based on whether it provides immediate symptom relief, addresses underlying ecological causes, enables real-time hydraulic control, or establishes sustained civic oversight.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze immediate symptom-mitigation interventions.

Deployment of weed harvesters and desiltation teams at choke points physically removes obstructions, providing immediate restoration of water flow capacity.

Clearing existing physical blockages provides quick relief without altering upstream inputs.

2

Identify root-cause preventive measures.

Upstream vegetative bio-strips reduce nutrient runoff, directly mitigating the hyper-eutrophication that fuels invasive weed proliferation.

Targeting ecological nutrient inputs removes the underlying driver of recurrent weed blooms.

3

Evaluate adaptive flow-control mechanisms.

Automated sluice gates with hydro-metric sensors adjust water release dynamically, buffering against extreme rainfall and surge flooding.

Real-time automated control allows proactive management of water volume fluctuations.

4

Assess institutional and civic governance measures.

Participatory canal user committees engage local farmers in routine monitoring, deterring illegal dumping and maintaining structural upkeep.

Community ownership provides sustained decentralized oversight and prevents behavioral degradation.

Key Concept

Qualitative Cause-and-Effect Analysis in Public Administration

Question 4019Question →

Based on the family relationships described below, match each person in Column I with their exact relationship to $S$ in Column II.

Family Narrative:
In a family of seven members— $P, Q, R, S, T, U,$ and $V$ —spanning three generations, there are two married couples.
- $P$ is married to $T$ , and $P$ is the father-in-law of $U$ .
- $U$ is a male member married to $Q$ .
- $R$ is the brother of $Q$ .
- $S$ is the daughter of $Q$ .
- $V$ is the sibling of $S$ , but no direct statement defines the gender of $V$ .

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct pairings are:

P

matches with Maternal Grandfather;

R

matches with Maternal Uncle;

T

matches with Maternal Grandmother;

V

matches with Brother or Sister (Gender undetermined).

Each member is accurately mapped by tracing lineage through

S

's mother

Q

:

P

is the father of

Q

(Maternal Grandfather),

T

is the mother of

Q

(Maternal Grandmother),

R

is the brother of

Q

(Maternal Uncle), and

V

is a sibling of

S

whose gender is not explicitly stated.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Determine the parental generation and married couples

Since

U

is a male married to

Q

, and

P

(father-in-law of

U

) is married to

T

,

P

(male) and

T

(female) are the parents of

Q

(female).

U

is male, so

Q

must be female.

P

is

U

's father-in-law, making

P

the father of

Q

and

T

the mother of

Q

.

2

Analyze the relationship of

P

,

T

, and

R

to

S

S

is the daughter of

Q

. Thus,

P

is maternal grandfather,

T

is maternal grandmother, and

R

(brother of

Q

) is maternal uncle to

S

.

Relationships through the mother's side of the family take the maternal prefix.

3

Analyze the relationship of

V

to

S

V

is a sibling of

S

, but gender is unknown.

Without explicit mention or deduction of gender,

V

's specific relation (brother vs sister) cannot be determined.

Key Concept

Multi-generational blood relation deduction and gender neutrality rules

Estimated Time:2m 0s

Question 4020Question →

In a certain pattern of letter analogy, the letter-group $\text{BASKET}$ is related to $\text{UVDLRC}$ following a specific two-step positional shift and reverse-alphabet transformation rule. Following the exact same logical pattern, which letter-group is related to $\text{PRINCE}$ ?

\text{GENITR}

\text{OMVQBZ}

\text{KIRMXV}

\text{LNEJYA}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $\text{GENITR}$

Answer

The correct letter-group is

\text{GENITR}

.

The complete pattern involves two steps: first substituting each letter with its reverse alphabetical pair (

A=1 \leftrightarrow Z=26

,

B=2 \leftrightarrow Y=25

, etc.), and second shifting each resulting letter 4 places backward in the alphabet. Applying these steps to

\text{PRINCE}

yields opposite letters

\text{KIRMXV}

, which upon shifting

-4

positions become

\text{GENITR}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the rule connecting the first pair

\text{BASKET} \rightarrow \text{UVDLRC}

.

First, map each letter of

\text{BASKET}

to its opposite alphabet letter (

A \leftrightarrow Z, B \leftrightarrow Y

, etc.):

\text{B} \rightarrow \text{Y}

,

\text{A} \rightarrow \text{Z}

,

\text{S} \rightarrow \text{H}

,

\text{K} \rightarrow \text{P}

,

\text{E} \rightarrow \text{V}

,

\text{T} \rightarrow \text{G}

. This gives

\text{YZHPVG}

.

Identify the primary structural transformation step.

2

Determine the positional shift applied to the opposite letters.

Shift each letter in

\text{YZHPVG}

backward by 4 positions in the alphabet:

\text{Y}(25) - 4 = \text{U}(21)

,

\text{Z}(26) - 4 = \text{V}(22)

,

\text{H}(8) - 4 = \text{D}(4)

,

\text{P}(16) - 4 = \text{L}(12)

,

\text{V}(22) - 4 = \text{R}(18)

,

\text{G}(7) - 4 = \text{C}(3)

. This gives

\text{UVDLRC}

.

Establish the secondary positional shift magnitude and direction.

3

Apply Step 1 to the target word

\text{PRINCE}

.

Map each letter of

\text{PRINCE}

to its opposite alphabet pair:

\text{P}(16) \rightarrow \text{K}(11)

,

\text{R}(18) \rightarrow \text{I}(9)

,

\text{I}(9) \rightarrow \text{R}(18)

,

\text{N}(14) \rightarrow \text{M}(13)

,

\text{C}(3) \rightarrow \text{X}(24)

,

\text{E}(5) \rightarrow \text{V}(22)

. This forms

\text{KIRMXV}

.

Execute reverse-alphabet mapping on the target term.

4

Apply Step 2 (backward shift of 4) to

\text{KIRMXV}

.

Shift each letter backward by 4 positions:

\text{K}(11) - 4 = \text{G}(7)

,

\text{I}(9) - 4 = \text{E}(5)

,

\text{R}(18) - 4 = \text{N}(14)

,

\text{M}(13) - 4 = \text{I}(9)

,

\text{X}(24) - 4 = \text{T}(20)

,

\text{V}(22) - 4 = \text{R}(18)

. The final result is

\text{GENITR}

.

Complete the transformation sequence.

Key Concept

Letter Analogy via Combined Reverse Alphabet Mapping and Positional Shifts

Answer

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Common Mistakes

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Common Mistakes

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Common Mistakes

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Common Mistakes

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