Analogy and Classification Practice Questions — State PSC Exam

Question 1Question →

Arrange the following stages of the scientific method into a logical sequence, proceeding from the initial foundation to the most universally established outcome.

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Answer

The correct sequence is: Observation -> Hypothesis -> Experimentation -> Theory -> Scientific Law.

The correct logical progression builds from raw data to universal truth. First, one makes an Observation, which leads to a testable Hypothesis. This hypothesis is then subjected to Experimentation. Repeated successful experiments elevate the hypothesis to a scientific Theory, which, upon achieving universal fundamental consistency, is recognized as a Scientific Law.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the foundational starting point of the sequence.

Observation is selected as the first step.

All scientific inquiry begins with noticing a natural phenomenon before any formal explanation can be attempted.

2

Determine the immediate logical consequence of the initial step.

Hypothesis follows Observation.

After observing a phenomenon, an initial, untested explanatory prediction is formed to explain it.

3

Identify how the tentative prediction is validated.

Experimentation follows Hypothesis.

A hypothesis must be tested through physical trials or empirical data analysis to check its validity.

4

Determine the outcome of successful validation.

Theory follows Experimentation.

Once experiments consistently support the hypothesis over time, it is elevated to a comprehensive explanatory framework.

5

Identify the final, universal stage of establishment.

Scientific Law is placed last.

A theory that describes universally accepted and consistent relationships (often mathematically) becomes a scientific law.

Key Concept

Logical Sequence and Classification

Question 2Question →

Select the letter-cluster that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way that the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter-cluster.

TASK : XYWI :: POND : ?

TMRB

TSRH

LQJF

RKPZ

Show answer & explanation

Answer: TMRB

Answer

The correct letter-cluster is TMRB.

The relationship between the first and second letter-clusters follows an alternating alphabetical shift pattern. The first and third letters are shifted forward by 4 positions (+4), while the second and fourth letters are shifted backward by 2 positions (-2), with standard circular alphabetical wrap-around. Applying this identical +4, -2, +4, -2 sequence to the letters P, O, N, and D yields T, M, R, and B respectively.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the positional shifts between the first pair of letter-clusters: TASK and XYWI.

T(20) to X(24) is +4. A(1 or 27) to Y(25) is -2. S(19) to W(23) is +4. K(11) to I(9) is -2.

Establishing the underlying logical rule requires checking the step interval for every individual letter to ensure the full pattern is identified.

2

Determine the unified rule governing the analogy.

The alternating shift sequence is +4, -2, +4, -2.

This confirms that the transformation is not a uniform shift, but an alternating forward and backward arithmetic progression.

3

Apply the identical +4, -2, +4, -2 pattern to the target letter-cluster: POND.

P(16) + 4 = T(20). O(15) - 2 = M(13). N(14) + 4 = R(18). D(4) - 2 = B(2).

To maintain the analogical relationship, the exact sequence of operations must be applied to the new group.

Key Concept

Alphabetical Positional Alternating Shifts

Question 3Question →

If the letter-group SOUL transforms into the code VLFO according to a specific alphanumeric rule, which of the following letter-groups represents the word DIRT under the identical rule?

GRUW

GLUW

WRIG

WLIG

Show answer & explanation

Answer: GRUW

Answer

GRUW

The underlying logical rule distinguishes between consonants and vowels. Consonants are shifted forward by 3 positions in the English alphabet (e.g., S becomes V, L becomes O). Vowels are replaced by their opposite/mirror letter from the reverse alphabetical order (e.g., O becomes L, U becomes F). Applying this rule to DIRT: The consonants D, R, and T shift forward by 3 to become G, U, and W. The vowel I is replaced by its reverse alphabetical counterpart, R. Therefore, the resulting letter-group is GRUW.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the transformation from the reference word SOUL to its corresponding code VLFO to deduce the underlying rule.

By examining the alphabetical positions, consonants (S, L) shift forward by 3 positions to become (V, O). Vowels (O, U) are replaced by their opposite/mirror letters from the reverse alphabet (L, F).

Establishing the precise logical coding pattern is necessary to solve the analogy.

2

Categorize the letters in the target word DIRT into consonants and vowels.

Consonants: D, R, T. Vowel: I.

The established rule relies on treating consonants and vowels differently.

3

Apply the respective rules to the categorized letters of DIRT.

D (+3) yields G. I (reverse mirror) yields R. R (+3) yields U. T (+3) yields W. Combining these results in the string GRUW.

Applying the exact established rule provides the final encoded letter-cluster.

Key Concept

Letter Pattern Analogies and Positional Coding

Question 4Question →

Consider the following pair of character sequences that share a specific structural relationship:

PLANT : MQBOI

Applying the exact same underlying logic, which sequence correctly completes the analogous pair below?

YIELD : ?

BRVOW

AKGNF

DTXQY

ZPTMU

Show answer & explanation

Answer: DTXQY

Answer

The correct sequence is DTXQY.

The established relationship relies on a two-step transformation: first, finding the alphabetical opposite (mirror) of each letter, and second, shifting that new letter forward by 2 positions in the alphabet. Applying this logic to YIELD first gives its alphabetical mirror BRVOW. Shifting each letter in BRVOW forward by 2 positions produces DTXQY.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the transformation from the first word (PLANT) to the second word (MQBOI) by examining the primary letter relationship.

The opposite (mirror) letters for P, L, A, N, T are K, O, Z, M, G respectively.

A common structural pattern in alphabet analogies is reverse indexing, where A=Z, B=Y, C=X, etc.

2

Determine the secondary transformation required to get from the intermediate mirror letters to the final code.

Shifting K, O, Z, M, G forward by 2 positions (+2) results in M, Q, B, O, I.

This establishes the complete two-step rule: find the alphabetical opposite, then shift forward by 2.

3

Apply the first step of the established rule to the target word (YIELD).

The opposite letters for Y, I, E, L, D are B, R, V, O, W.

Consistency in applying the exact same logical framework to the analogous pair.

4

Apply the second step of the rule to the intermediate result.

Shifting B, R, V, O, W forward by 2 positions yields D, T, X, Q, Y.

Completing the logic gives the final analogous character group.

Key Concept

Dual-Step Alphabet Analogy (Reverse Indexing and Positional Shifting)

Question 5Question →

Based on the specific letter transformation rule demonstrated in the first pair, which letter cluster correctly completes the second pair?

PLUM : NJXK :: BEAR : ?

ZHDP

ZCYP

EHDU

ECYU

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ZHDP

Answer

The correct letter cluster is ZHDP.

The underlying logic applies different shift rules based on whether a letter is a consonant or a vowel. In the first word, the consonants (P, L, M) are shifted backward by 2 positions in the English alphabet, while the vowel (U) is shifted forward by 3 positions. Applying this exact rule to the target word, the consonants (B, R) shift backward by 2 (resulting in Z, P) and the vowels (E, A) shift forward by 3 (resulting in H, D). This produces the final cluster 'ZHDP'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the transformation from 'PLUM' to 'NJXK' by checking the positional shifts in the alphabet.

P(16) → N(14) is -2; L(12) → J(10) is -2; U(21) → X(24) is +3; M(13) → K(11) is -2.

Establishing the individual letter shifts is necessary to identify the governing logical pattern.

2

Determine the rule that explains the different shifts (-2, -2, +3, -2).

The letters P, L, and M are consonants and they shift backward by 2. The letter U is a vowel and shifts forward by 3. The rule is: Consonants -2, Vowels +3.

Since the shift is not uniform or simply alternating, categorizing letters into vowels and consonants reveals the true logic.

3

Apply the identified rule to the target word 'BEAR'.

B (Consonant) - 2 = Z; E (Vowel) + 3 = H; A (Vowel) + 3 = D; R (Consonant) - 2 = P.

Applying the exact same vowel/consonant transformation rule yields the correct analogous pair.

4

Combine the transformed letters to form the final cluster.

Z, H, D, P combined form the cluster ZHDP.

This completes the analogy PLUM : NJXK :: BEAR : ZHDP.

Key Concept

Alphabet Pattern Analogy (Consonant and Vowel rules)

Question 6Question →

Determine the correct chronological progression of the following entities, from their foundational biological origin to the finalized consumer product:

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Answer

The correct logical and chronological sequence is: Cotton Seed, Plant, Yarn, Fabric, Garment.

The sequence accurately traces the continuous lifecycle of textile production, moving logically from agriculture to manufacturing. It begins with the biological origin (Cotton Seed), which grows into a living organism (Plant). The plant produces raw cotton fibers that are extracted and spun into threads (Yarn). These threads are then woven together on a loom to create sheets of cloth (Fabric). Finally, the cloth is cut and tailored to create a finished piece of clothing (Garment).

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the absolute origin point of the lifecycle.

Cotton Seed is the starting point.

Before any agricultural growth or industrial manufacturing can begin, the seed must be planted.

2

Determine the natural biological outcome of the seed.

The seed grows into a Plant.

Biological maturation must occur to produce the raw agricultural resource (cotton bolls).

3

Identify the first industrial transformation step.

The harvested cotton is spun into Yarn.

Raw cotton fibers cannot be woven directly; they must first be processed and spun into continuous threads.

4

Determine the next manufacturing stage.

The Yarn is woven into Fabric.

Individual threads are interlaced on a loom to create a solid, continuous sheet of textile material.

5

Identify the final consumer end-product.

The Fabric is sewn into a Garment.

The woven material is finally measured, cut, and stitched to create wearable clothing.

Key Concept

Logical Sequencing and Process Classification

Question 7Question →

In the following question, three of the four letter-clusters follow a specific logical pattern based on their alphabetical positions and thus form a group. Which of the following letter-clusters does NOT belong to that group?

F J H M

P T R W

K O M R

C G E I

Show answer & explanation

Answer: C G E I

Answer

The correct answer is the letter-cluster C G E I, because its final alphabetical shift deviates from the established pattern of the other clusters.

The letter-cluster C G E I is the odd one out. While the other three clusters follow a strict alphabetical position shift of +4, -2, and +5, this cluster follows a shift of +4, -2, and +4 (since E is the 5th letter and I is the 9th, the final shift is only +4).

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the positional relationship between the letters in the first cluster (F J H M).

The alphabetical shifts are: F(6) to J(10) is +4; J(10) to H(8) is -2; H(8) to M(13) is +5.

To identify the underlying logical rule governing the clusters in the group.

2

Test the remaining clusters against this +4, -2, +5 pattern.

P T R W (16, 20, 18, 23) and K O M R (11, 15, 13, 18) both follow the +4, -2, +5 rule exactly.

To verify that this is indeed the shared pattern forming the group.

3

Evaluate the final cluster (C G E I).

C(3) to G(7) is +4; G(7) to E(5) is -2; but E(5) to I(9) is +4.

To confirm which specific cluster deviates from the established logical group.

Key Concept

Letter-Cluster Classification and Positional Shift Sequencing

Question 8Question →

In a given letter-analogy pattern, $\text{CAT}$ is related to $\text{FDW}$ following a constant positional shift rule. Following the exact same logical rule, which of the following letter-groups replaces the question mark in $\text{DOG} : \text{?}$ ?

\text{GRJ}

\text{GRI}

\text{FQI}

\text{ALI}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $\text{GRJ}$

Answer

\text{GRJ}

Each letter in the first term is shifted forward by 3 places in the English alphabet (

\text{C}+3=\text{F}

,

\text{A}+3=\text{D}

,

\text{T}+3=\text{W}

). Applying the exact same

+3

positional shift to

\text{DOG}

yields

\text{D}+3=\text{G}

,

\text{O}+3=\text{R}

, and

\text{G}+3=\text{J}

, forming

\text{GRJ}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Determine the pattern established by the reference pair

\text{CAT} : \text{FDW}

.

C (

3

)

\rightarrow

F (

6

) [Shift

+3

]; A (

1

)

\rightarrow

D (

4

) [Shift

+3

]; T (

20

)

\rightarrow

W (

23

) [Shift

+3

]. The rule is a forward shift of

+3

for every letter.

Establishing the exact letter position transformation rule from the given pair.

2

Apply the

+3

forward shift rule to each letter of

\text{DOG}

.

D (

4 + 3 = 7 \rightarrow \text{G}

); O (

15 + 3 = 18 \rightarrow \text{R}

); G (

7 + 3 = 10 \rightarrow \text{J}

).

Translating the rule to find the corresponding completing term.

Key Concept

Letter Analogy via Constant Forward Positional Shift

Estimated Time:45s

Question 9Question →

Match each word pair in List I with the word pair in List II that exhibits the identical semantic and logical relationship.

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Answer

Amnesia : Memory pairs with Insomnia : Sleep; Connoisseur : Art pairs with Gourmet : Food; Mendacity : Truth pairs with Cowardice : Courage; Teetotaler : Alcohol pairs with Pacifist : War.

The correct pairings align identical logical relationships across different subjects: medical conditions defined by loss (Amnesia/Insomnia), experts in a domain of taste (Connoisseur/Gourmet), vices defined by the absence of a virtue (Mendacity/Cowardice), and individuals defined by abstention (Teetotaler/Pacifist).

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the semantic relationship of the first item in List I (Amnesia : Memory).

Identified the relationship as 'Condition : Faculty that is lost'.

Finding the exact structural relationship is necessary to find its analogical match.

2

Scan List II for a pair with the identical 'Condition : Faculty lost' relationship.

Matched with 'Insomnia : Sleep', as insomnia is the loss of sleep.

This establishes the first correct analogical pairing.

3

Determine the structural relationships for the remaining items in List I and map them to their equivalents in List II.

Connoisseur evaluates Art (matches Gourmet evaluating Food). Mendacity lacks Truth (matches Cowardice lacking Courage). Teetotaler abstains from Alcohol (matches Pacifist abstaining from War).

Solving complex word analogies requires isolating identical logical structures across completely different semantic topics.

Key Concept

Semantic Word Analogies and Abstract Relationships

Question 10Question →

Arrange the following geometric figures in a logical classification sequence based on the sum of their interior angles, in ascending order (from the smallest sum to the largest sum).

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Answer

The correct logical sequence from smallest to largest sum of interior angles is: Triangle, Pentagon, Hexagon, Heptagon, and Octagon.

The sum of the interior angles of a polygon increases as the number of its sides increases, defined by the formula

S = (n-2) \times 180^\circ

. Therefore, ordering the shapes by their interior angle sums is mathematically identical to sorting them by their side count. The correct progression is Triangle (3 sides), Pentagon (5 sides), Hexagon (6 sides), Heptagon (7 sides), and Octagon (8 sides).

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the relationship between a polygon and the sum of its interior angles.

The formula for the sum of interior angles is

S = (n-2) \times 180^\circ

, where

n

is the number of sides.

Establishing the mathematical rule is required to find the underlying numerical logic for the sequence.

2

Determine the number of sides (

n

) for each geometric figure.

Triangle (

n=3

), Pentagon (

n=5

), Hexagon (

n=6

), Heptagon (

n=7

), Octagon (

n=8

).

The number of sides directly dictates the magnitude of the interior angle sum.

3

Arrange the figures based on the side count in ascending order.

Since a larger number of sides always results in a larger sum of interior angles, ordering by

n

gives: Triangle (3) < Pentagon (5) < Hexagon (6) < Heptagon (7) < Octagon (8).

This establishes the correct classification sequence from smallest to largest without needing to manually calculate every angle sum.

Key Concept

Classification based on numerical and geometric properties

Question 11Question →

Match each logical reasoning problem involving numerical analogy, alphabetical pattern analogy, or classification in List-I with its corresponding correct output or odd element in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

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Answer

Analogy 6 : 222 :: 9 : ? matches 738; Analogy 14 : 210 :: 18 : ? matches 342; Letter Analogy BJH : DJF :: FLD : ? matches HLB; Odd-One-Out Classification matches (19, 441).

Each item in List-I is evaluated using multi-step logical operations: (1)

6^3+6=222

leading to

9^3+9=738

; (2)

14^2+14=210

leading to

18^2+18=342

; (3) Alphabet positional shifts (+2, 0, -2) transforming FLD into HLB; (4) The classification rule

M=(n+1)^2

which fails only for the pair

(19, 441)

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the pattern for Analogy 6 : 222 :: 9 : ?

Identify the operation

n^3 + n

. Since

6^3 + 6 = 222

, apply

9^3 + 9 = 729 + 9 = 738

.

Establishes cubic function relationship between antecedent and consequent terms.

2

Analyze the pattern for Analogy 14 : 210 :: 18 : ?

Identify the operation

n^2 + n

. Since

14^2 + 14 = 210

, apply

18^2 + 18 = 324 + 18 = 342

.

Establishes quadratic non-linear relationship between terms.

3

Analyze the letter shift pattern for BJH : DJF :: FLD : ?

First letter shifts

+2

position forward, second letter shifts

0

positions, third letter shifts

-2

positions backward. Applying this to FLD yields H (F+2), L (L+0), B (D-2) = HLB.

Determines positional alphabet movement vector (+2, 0, -2).

4

Evaluate the rule across number pairs in the classification set.

Pairs

(11, 144)

,

(13, 196)

, and

(17, 324)

follow

M = (n+1)^2

. The pair

(19, 441)

breaks this rule because

(19+1)^2 = 400

, not

441

.

Identifies the element that does not satisfy the common governing rule.

Key Concept

Multi-operational Number Analogy, Positional Alphabet Shift, and Rule-based Number Classification

Question 12Question →

Select the option that is related to the third number in the same way as the second number is related to the first number.

$13 : 160 :: 17 : ?$

272

320

353

576

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $320$

Answer

320

The relationship follows the dual-operation formula

(N - 1)^2 + (\text{digit sum of } N)^2

. For

13

,

(13-1)^2 + (1+3)^2 = 144 + 16 = 160

. Applying this to

17

gives

(17-1)^2 + (1+7)^2 = 16^2 + 8^2 = 256 + 64 = 320

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the relationship between the first pair of numbers (

13

and

160

).

Identify the multi-step pattern:

(x - 1)^2 + (\text{sum of digits of } x)^2

.

For

x = 13

, the predecessor is

13 - 1 = 12

, and

12^2 = 144

. The sum of the digits of

13

is

1 + 3 = 4

, and

4^2 = 16

. Adding these gives

144 + 16 = 160

.

2

Apply the identical multi-step rule to the third number (

x = 17

).

Find the squared predecessor and the squared digit sum for

17

.

The predecessor of

17

is

17 - 1 = 16

, and

16^2 = 256

. The sum of the digits of

17

is

1 + 7 = 8

, and

8^2 = 64

.

3

Sum the resulting values to determine the missing term.

256 + 64 = 320

.

Combining the squared predecessor and squared digit sum yields

320

.

Key Concept

Multi-Step Numerical Analogy based on Predecessor Squares and Digit-Sum Operations

Question 13Question →

Each of the following items presents a numerical analogy in the form $A : B :: C : X$ , where the missing term $X$ is derived using a multi-step arithmetic rule ( $n^3 - k$ , $n^3 - n$ , $n^2 + n$ , or $n^2 - n$ ). Evaluate the value of $X$ for each analogy item, and arrange the items in ascending order based on their solved value of $X$ (from smallest value to largest value).

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Answer

The correct ascending order based on the value of

X

is Analogy 4 (

X_4 = 156

), Analogy 3 (

X_3 = 210

), Analogy 2 (

X_2 = 504

), and Analogy 1 (

X_1 = 726

).

Solving each analogy yields

X_4 = 156

,

X_3 = 210

,

X_2 = 504

, and

X_1 = 726

. Ordering these from least to greatest places Analogy 4 first, followed by Analogy 3, Analogy 2, and Analogy 1.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Solve for

X_1

in Analogy 1 (

7 : 340 :: 9 : X_1

)

X_1 = 726

Identify the relationship

7^3 - 3 = 340

. Consequently,

X_1 = 9^3 - 3 = 729 - 3 = 726

.

2

Solve for

X_2

in Analogy 2 (

6 : 210 :: 8 : X_2

)

X_2 = 504

Identify the relationship

6^3 - 6 = 210

. Consequently,

X_2 = 8^3 - 8 = 512 - 8 = 504

.

3

Solve for

X_3

in Analogy 3 (

12 : 156 :: 14 : X_3

)

X_3 = 210

Identify the relationship

12^2 + 12 = 156

. Consequently,

X_3 = 14^2 + 14 = 196 + 14 = 210

.

4

Solve for

X_4

in Analogy 4 (

11 : 110 :: 13 : X_4

)

X_4 = 156

Identify the relationship

11^2 - 11 = 110

. Consequently,

X_4 = 13^2 - 13 = 169 - 13 = 156

.

5

Arrange the calculated values of

X

in ascending numerical order

156 < 210 < 504 < 726

Comparing the values gives

X_4 (156) < X_3 (210) < X_2 (504) < X_1 (726)

.

Key Concept

Numerical Analogy and Exponential Pattern Recognition

Question 14Question →

Select the number that completes the given numerical analogy in the same way as the second term is related to the first term:

14 : 350 :: 18 : ?

594

486

339

522

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 594

Answer

594

The relation governing the first pair is

N : N \times (N + S(N) + 6)

, where

S(N)

represents the sum of digits of

N

. For

14

,

S(14) = 1 + 4 = 5

, giving

14 \times (14 + 5 + 6) = 14 \times 25 = 350

. Applying this exact rule to

18

yields

S(18) = 1 + 8 = 9

, and

18 \times (18 + 9 + 6) = 18 \times 33 = 594

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the relation between the first pair

14 : 350

Calculate the digit sum of

14

:

1 + 4 = 5

.

Identify sub-components of the multi-step operation.

2

Determine the composite multiplier rule for the first term

Add the term, its digit sum, and the constant offset

6

:

14 + 5 + 6 = 25

.

Establish the exact pattern mapping

14

to

350

via

14 \times 25 = 350

.

3

Apply the established pattern to the third term

18

Calculate the digit sum of

18

:

1 + 8 = 9

. Then compute the multiplier:

18 + 9 + 6 = 33

.

Maintain structural consistency with the original analogy.

4

Compute the final missing term

18 \times 33 = 594

.

Obtain the required missing term for the second pair.

Key Concept

Multi-step Numerical Analogy based on Positional Digit Operations and Constant Shift

Question 15Question →

Match each number pair analogy in List-I with its corresponding underlying mathematical rule in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The pair

8 : 448

matches

x : x^3 - x^2

;

7 : 336

matches

x : x^3 - x

;

6 : 222

matches

x : x^3 + x

; and

5 : 150

matches

x : x^3 + x^2

.

Each pair in List-I represents a cubic transformation of the first number. Evaluating

8^3 - 8^2 = 448

,

7^3 - 7 = 336

,

6^3 + 6 = 222

, and

5^3 + 5^2 = 150

confirms the one-to-one mapping with the respective rules in List-II.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the relationship for the first pair

8 : 448

Calculate

8^3 = 512

. Subtracting

8^2 = 64

gives

512 - 64 = 448

, establishing the rule

x : x^3 - x^2

.

Identify the operation involving cubes and squares of the base number

8

.

2

Analyze the relationship for the second pair

7 : 336

Calculate

7^3 = 343

. Subtracting

7

gives

343 - 7 = 336

, establishing the rule

x : x^3 - x

.

Identify the operation involving subtracting the base number from its cube.

3

Analyze the relationship for the third pair

6 : 222

Calculate

6^3 = 216

. Adding

6

gives

216 + 6 = 222

, establishing the rule

x : x^3 + x

.

Identify the operation involving adding the base number to its cube.

4

Analyze the relationship for the fourth pair

5 : 150

Calculate

5^3 = 125

. Adding

5^2 = 25

gives

125 + 25 = 150

, establishing the rule

x : x^3 + x^2

.

Identify the operation involving adding the square of the base number to its cube.

Key Concept

Polynomial operations on base numbers in numerical analogies

Estimated Time:2m 0s

Question 16Question →

Match each scientific instrument in List-I with the corresponding physical quantity or phenomenon it measures in List-II. Which set of pairings correctly matches all items?

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

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Answer

Seismograph corresponds to Earthquake intensity, Thermometer corresponds to Temperature, Anemometer corresponds to Wind speed, and Hygrometer corresponds to Humidity.

Each instrument is correctly linked to the physical quantity it measures: Seismograph measures earthquake intensity, Thermometer measures temperature, Anemometer measures wind speed, and Hygrometer measures humidity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the primary function of each instrument in List-I

Seismograph detects ground movements (earthquakes), Thermometer measures heat/temperature, Anemometer measures airflow/wind, and Hygrometer measures humidity.

Establishing the semantic analogy relationship between an instrument and its measured parameter.

2

Pair each item from List-I to its corresponding term in List-II

Seismograph → Earthquake intensity, Thermometer → Temperature, Anemometer → Wind speed, Hygrometer → Humidity.

Direct semantic association based on scientific instrument functionality.

Key Concept

Instrument to Quantity Semantic Analogy

Question 17Question →

In the following letter analogy, the second letter-group is related to the first letter-group following a specific positional shift rule in the English alphabet:

\text{TRACK} : \text{USBDL} :: \text{DRIVE} : ?

Which of the following completes the given analogy?

\text{CQHUD}

\text{ESJWF}

\text{ETKXG}

\text{ESJVE}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $\text{ESJWF}$

Answer

The letter-group

\text{ESJWF}

completes the analogy because each letter in

\text{DRIVE}

is shifted forward by

+1

position in the English alphabet.

In the initial term

\text{TRACK}

, each letter moves forward by 1 position in alphabetical order to form

\text{USBDL}

(T

\rightarrow

U, R

\rightarrow

S, A

\rightarrow

B, C

\rightarrow

D, K

\rightarrow

L). Applying the exact same

+1

forward shift to

\text{DRIVE}

yields D

\rightarrow

E, R

\rightarrow

S, I

\rightarrow

J, V

\rightarrow

W, E

\rightarrow

F, giving the result

\text{ESJWF}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the relationship between the first pair

\text{TRACK} : \text{USBDL}

T

+1 =

U, R

+1 =

S, A

+1 =

B, C

+1 =

D, K

+1 =

L.

Identify the underlying transformation rule, which is a uniform forward shift of

+1

for each letter.

2

Apply the identical

+1

shift rule to the third term

\text{DRIVE}

D

+1 =

E, R

+1 =

S, I

+1 =

J, V

+1 =

W, E

+1 =

F.

Determine the missing fourth term according to the established analogy rule.

Key Concept

Alphabet Positional Analogy

Estimated Time:45s

Question 18Question →

Match each analogy pattern in List-I with its correct completing term in List-II based on the underlying logical, numerical, or alphabetical relationship.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct pairings are:

14 : 210 :: 18 : ?

matches

342

;

\text{BEAK} : \text{GJFP} :: \text{MOLD} : ?

matches

\text{RTQI}

;

8 : 504 :: 11 : ?

matches

1320

; and

\text{BEAR} : \text{YVZI} :: \text{GLAD} : ?

matches

\text{TOZW}

.

Each analogy pair in List-I uniquely maps to its corresponding term in List-II by applying distinct structural logic:

n : n^2 + n

yields

342

; a forward alphabetical shift of

+5

produces

\text{RTQI}

;

n : n^3 - n

produces

1320

; and reverse alphabet complementation forms

\text{TOZW}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the first numerical analogy

14 : 210 :: 18 : ?

Identify the operation

n \rightarrow n^2 + n

. Calculating for

18

:

18^2 + 18 = 324 + 18 = 342

.

Establishes the non-linear multi-step operation relating the terms.

2

Determine the alphabet shift pattern for

\text{BEAK} : \text{GJFP} :: \text{MOLD} : ?

Each letter undergoes a uniform forward shift of

+5

. Applying to

\text{MOLD}

gives

\text{RTQI}

.

Decodes the directional letter movement along standard alphabetical positions.

3

Analyze the second numerical analogy

8 : 504 :: 11 : ?

Identify the cubic operation

n \rightarrow n^3 - n

. Calculating for

11

:

11^3 - 11 = 1331 - 11 = 1320

.

Evaluates higher-power numerical relationships.

4

Determine the complementary letter pairing for

\text{BEAR} : \text{YVZI} :: \text{GLAD} : ?

Replace each letter with its opposite pair from the reverse alphabet sequence (

27 - \text{position}

).

\text{GLAD}

transforms to

\text{TOZW}

.

Applies mirror-alphabet symmetry logic.

Key Concept

Multi-step Numerical and Alphabetical Analogy Rules

Estimated Time:2m 0s

Question 19Question →

In a certain pattern, the letter-group $\text{FILM}$ is related to $\text{GJMN}$ following a specific positional shift rule. Which letter-group maintains the exact same relationship with $\text{MILK}$ ?

\text{NJML}

\text{NKML}

\text{NJMK}

\text{LHKJ}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $\text{NJML}$

Answer

\text{NJML}

The relationship in the pair

\text{FILM} : \text{GJMN}

is established by moving each letter forward by

1

step in the alphabet. Applying this exact pattern to

\text{MILK}

yields

\text{M} \to \text{N}

,

\text{I} \to \text{J}

,

\text{L} \to \text{M}

, and

\text{K} \to \text{L}

, giving

\text{NJML}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the rule relating the first pair

\text{FILM}

and

\text{GJMN}

.

\text{F} \rightarrow \text{G}

(

+1

),

\text{I} \rightarrow \text{J}

(

+1

),

\text{L} \rightarrow \text{M}

(

+1

),

\text{M} \rightarrow \text{N}

(

+1

).

Each letter is shifted forward by one position in alphabetical order.

2

Apply the identified

+1

forward shift rule to each letter of

\text{MILK}

.

\text{M} + 1 = \text{N}

,

\text{I} + 1 = \text{J}

,

\text{L} + 1 = \text{M}

,

\text{K} + 1 = \text{L}

.

Applying identical positional shifts maintains the analogy logic.

3

Combine the resulting letters in sequence.

\text{NJML}

.

The final letter-group formed is

\text{NJML}

.

Key Concept

Alphabetical Positional Shift Analogy

Estimated Time:45s

Question 20Question →

In a certain pattern of letter series analogy, the letter-group

\text{MASTER}

is coded as

\text{IVGHZN}

. Following the same two-step structural logic, which of the following letter-groups will replace the question mark (

?

) in the analogy below?

\text{MASTER} : \text{IVGHZN} :: \text{PRACTICE} : ?

\text{KIZGXRXV}

\text{VXGRZXIK}

\text{FDJUDBSQ}

\text{UWQFWYHJ}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: \text{VXGRZXIK}

Answer

The correct letter-group that completes the analogy is \text{VXGRZXIK}.

The term \text{VXGRZXIK} correctly satisfies both operations governing the analogy: reversing the letter order of \text{PRACTICE} to get \text{ECITCARP}, and replacing each letter with its opposite alphabet partner (

27 - \text{position}

).

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the relationship between the first pair, \text{MASTER} and \text{IVGHZN}.

First, reversing the order of letters in \text{MASTER} gives \text{R E T S A M}. Next, replacing each letter with its reverse-alphabet complement (where position

p

becomes

27 - p

) yields:

\text{R}(18) \rightarrow \text{I}(9)

,

\text{E}(5) \rightarrow \text{V}(22)

,

\text{T}(20) \rightarrow \text{G}(7)

,

\text{S}(19) \rightarrow \text{H}(8)

,

\text{A}(1) \rightarrow \text{Z}(26)

, and

\text{M}(13) \rightarrow \text{N}(14)

, resulting in \text{IVGHZN}.

This establishes the complete two-step rule: reverse word order, then convert each letter to its mirror alphabet pair.

2

Apply Step 1 of the rule (reversing the sequence) to the target word \text{PRACTICE}.

Reversing \text{PRACTICE} yields the letter sequence: \text{E C I T C A R P}.

Word reversal must be executed prior to applying positional shifts or letter substitutions.

3

Apply Step 2 of the rule (mirror letter substitution) to \text{E C I T C A R P}.

Converting each letter using

27 - p

:
-

\text{E} (5) \rightarrow 27 - 5 = 22 = \text{V}

-

\text{C} (3) \rightarrow 27 - 3 = 24 = \text{X}

-

\text{I} (9) \rightarrow 27 - 9 = 18 = \text{R}

-

\text{T} (20) \rightarrow 27 - 20 = 7 = \text{G}

-

\text{C} (3) \rightarrow 27 - 3 = 24 = \text{X}

-

\text{A} (1) \rightarrow 27 - 1 = 26 = \text{Z}

-

\text{R} (18) \rightarrow 27 - 18 = 9 = \text{I}

-

\text{P} (16) \rightarrow 27 - 16 = 11 = \text{K}

Combining these yields \text{VXGRZXIK}.

Substituting every reversed character with its exact reverse-alphabet pair completes the logical transformation.

Key Concept

Multi-step letter analogy involving word reversal and reverse-alphabet complement mapping.

Estimated Time:1m 30s

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