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Coding and Decoding

43 questions

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Question 1Question →

A botanical research institute archives its seed collection by encrypting the plant category names using a specific two-step alphabetical transformation rule. According to this rule, the category name ORCHID is transformed into MJYTSX. Applying the identical transformation rule, which of the following will be the encrypted code for the category name BAMBOO?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ZAOZMM

Answer

The encrypted code for the category name BAMBOO is ZAOZMM.
The established coding rule follows a two-step process: first, find the reverse alphabetical pair for each letter (e.g., A ↔ Z, B ↔ Y). Second, apply a +1 forward shift to that reverse letter. For BAMBOO, the reverse letters are YZNYLL. Adding a +1 shift to each yields ZAOZMM.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the transformation of the word ORCHID to MJYTSX.
O (15) → Opposite is L (12) → +1 shift → M (13).
R (18) → Opposite is I (9) → +1 shift → J (10).
C (3) → Opposite is X (24) → +1 shift → Y (25).
This establishes the two-step pattern: replace each letter with its reverse alphabetical counterpart, then shift forward by one position (+1).
2
Apply the first step of the pattern (reverse alphabetical counterpart) to the target word BAMBOO.
B → Y, A → Z, M → N, B → Y, O → L, O → L. The intermediate string is YZNYLL.
The sum of forward and reverse positional values of complementary letters is always 27.
3
Apply the second step of the pattern (+1 forward shift) to the intermediate string YZNYLL.
Y + 1 → Z, Z + 1 → A, N + 1 → O, Y + 1 → Z, L + 1 → M, L + 1 → M. The final string is ZAOZMM.
This completes the identical transformation rule applied to the reference word.

Key Concept

Identifying complex coding patterns involving reverse alphabetical indexing (opposite letters) combined with sequential positional shifts.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 2Question →

In a specific cryptographic system, words are encoded using the following two distinct rules:
1. Consonants are replaced by the letter exactly two positions ahead in the English alphabet (e.g., B becomes D, K becomes M).
2. Vowels (A, E, I, O, U) are replaced by the immediate next vowel in the sequence (e.g., A becomes E, U becomes A).

Based on this coding logic, match the words in List I with their correct encoded forms in List II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

MAGIC
BRAIN
FLUTE
POWER

Matches

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Answer

The correct pairings are: MAGIC maps to OEOIE, BRAIN maps to DTEOP, FLUTE maps to HNAVI, and POWER maps to RUYIT.
Each word follows the stated logic precisely: consonants skip one letter forward (+2), and vowels transition to the next vowel in the standard sequence (A->E->I->O->U->A). Mapping each letter of the given words using these rules directly produces the coded forms identified in the correct pairings.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the coding rules provided in the stem.
Rule 1 applies to Consonants (+2 shift). Rule 2 applies to Vowels (shifted to the next vowel in the A, E, I, O, U sequence).
Identifying the specific transformation for different letter types is required before attempting to encode the words.
2
Apply the coding logic to the word 'MAGIC'.
M (+2) -> O; A (vowel) -> E; G (+2) -> I; I (vowel) -> O; C (+2) -> E. Result: OEOIE.
To find the match for the first item.
3
Apply the coding logic to the word 'BRAIN'.
B (+2) -> D; R (+2) -> T; A (vowel) -> E; I (vowel) -> O; N (+2) -> P. Result: DTEOP.
To find the match for the second item.
4
Apply the coding logic to the word 'FLUTE'.
F (+2) -> H; L (+2) -> N; U (vowel) -> A; T (+2) -> V; E (vowel) -> I. Result: HNAVI.
To find the match for the third item.
5
Apply the coding logic to the word 'POWER'.
P (+2) -> R; O (vowel) -> U; W (+2) -> Y; E (vowel) -> I; R (+2) -> T. Result: RUYIT.
To find the match for the final item.

Key Concept

Mixed Alphanumeric Codes and Letter-Shift Rules
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 3Question →

A weather monitoring station encodes its daily operational logs to secure data integrity. In this specific coding system, the word MODULE is written as NQWWOG, and the word SYSTEM is written as HBHGGN.

Based on the logic used in this system, how will the word FORMAT be encoded?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: UQINCG

Answer

The correct answer is UQINCG.
The encoding logic applies two distinct rules based on letter type. Consonants are replaced by their reverse alphabetical equivalent (e.g., A=26, Z=1, so F=6 becomes U=21). Vowels are shifted forward by exactly 2 positions in the alphabet (e.g., O=15 becomes Q=17). Applying this to the target word FORMAT: The consonants F, R, M, and T reverse to U, I, N, and G respectively. The vowels O and A shift forward +2 to become Q and C. Reassembling these gives the encoded word UQINCG.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the first example (MODULE -> NQWWOG) to identify distinct patterns for vowels and consonants.
Consonants (M, D, L) become (N, W, O). Vowels (O, U, E) become (Q, W, G).
Recognizing that letters may follow different rules based on their type is a key strategy in coding-decoding.
2
Determine the mathematical shifts for each letter type.
Consonants are replaced by their reverse alphabetical equivalent (M=13, N=14; 13+14=27). Vowels are shifted forward by exactly 2 positions (O=15 to Q=17).
Establishing the exact transformation formulas is required before applying them to a new word.
3
Verify the established logic against the second example (SYSTEM -> HBHGGN).
Consonants S(19)->H(8), Y(25)->B(2), T(20)->G(7), M(13)->N(14) match the reverse rule. Vowel E(5)->G(7) matches the +2 shift rule.
Confirming the pattern ensures the derived logic is consistently applied across the entire system.
4
Apply the verified rules to the target word (FORMAT).
Identify consonants: F, R, M, T. Identify vowels: O, A.
Categorizing the letters of the target word correctly dictates which rule to apply to each letter.
5
Calculate the encoded letters for FORMAT using the formulas.
Consonants: F(6)->U(21), R(18)->I(9), M(13)->N(14), T(20)->G(7). Vowels: O(15)->Q(17), A(1)->C(3). Combining these yields UQINCG.
Executing the mathematical transformations provides the final decoded string.

Key Concept

Differentiating transformation rules between vowels and consonants, and accurately applying reverse alphabetical indexing.
Question 4Question →

In a regional agricultural seed bank's categorization system, crop names are converted into numerical codes for database entry. Under this specific protocol, the crop name "WHEAT" is coded as "4-19-5-1-7", and the crop name "BARLEY" is coded as "25-1-9-15-5-2". Following the exact same logical pattern, how will the crop name "MAIZE" be coded?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 14-1-9-1-5

Answer

14-1-9-1-5
The correct answer is derived by observing that all consonants are transformed into their reverse alphabetical positions (e.g., M=13 becomes 14, Z=26 becomes 1), while all vowels maintain their standard forward alphabetical positions (e.g., A=1, I=9, E=5). Combining these values in sequence produces 14-1-9-1-5.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the standard alphabetical positions of the letters in the first example, 'WHEAT'.
W=23, H=8, E=5, A=1, T=20.
Establishing the base numerical values is the first step in identifying coding transformations.
2
Compare the base numerical values of 'WHEAT' with its given code: '4-19-5-1-7'.
W(23) becomes 4. H(8) becomes 19. E(5) remains 5. A(1) remains 1. T(20) becomes 7.
This comparison reveals the specific mathematical or logical transformation applied to each letter.
3
Identify the underlying logical rule governing the transformations.
Consonants (W, H, T) are assigned their reverse alphabetical positions (calculated as 27 - forward position). Vowels (E, A) retain their standard forward alphabetical positions.
Defining the conditional rule is required before it can be reliably applied to other words.
4
Verify the identified rule using the second example, 'BARLEY'.
Forward positions: B=2, A=1, R=18, L=12, E=5, Y=25. Applying the rule: B(consonant) -> 25, A(vowel) -> 1, R(consonant) -> 9, L(consonant) -> 15, E(vowel) -> 5, Y(consonant) -> 2. Code is 25-1-9-15-5-2, which perfectly matches the given code.
Testing the hypothesis against a second dataset confirms the logic is universally applied within the system.
5
Apply the verified rule to the target word 'MAIZE'.
M(13, consonant) -> 27-13 = 14. A(1, vowel) -> 1. I(9, vowel) -> 9. Z(26, consonant) -> 27-26 = 1. E(5, vowel) -> 5.
Translating the target string using the established algorithm yields the final answer.

Key Concept

Mixed Alphanumeric Substitution using Vowel/Consonant Conditional Logic and Reverse Indexing
Question 5Question →

In a cryptographic system used for secure communications, the word 'CROWN' is coded as 'ETNYP'. Based on this same coding logic, match the following words on the left with their correct coded forms on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

PAINT
SHARK
MOUSE
BRICK

Matches

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Answer

PAINT matches with RZHPV, SHARK matches with UJZTM, MOUSE matches with ONTUD, and BRICK matches with DTHEM.
Each word perfectly aligns with its encrypted code when applying the specific rule derived from the stem: shifting consonants forward by 2 letters in the alphabet, and shifting vowels backward by 1 letter.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the example 'CROWN' to identify the shift pattern for each letter.
C becomes E (+2), R becomes T (+2), O becomes N (-1), W becomes Y (+2), and N becomes P (+2).
Identifying how the example word is transformed is the first step in decoding the underlying encryption logic.
2
Generalize the coding rule based on the distinct letter types.
Consonants (C, R, W, N) are shifted forward by 2 positions (+2). The vowel (O) is shifted backward by 1 position (-1).
A consistent rule must be established that applies differently to vowels and consonants in order to decode other words.
3
Apply the derived rule to the target words on the left.
Applying the rule yields: PAINT -> RZHPV, SHARK -> UJZTM, MOUSE -> ONTUD, BRICK -> DTHEM.
Encoding each word accurately allows us to find its correct corresponding match on the right side.

Key Concept

Coding based on letter categorization (vowels vs. consonants) with distinct positional shifts.
Question 6Question →

In a certain code language, the word GLIMMER is written as INKMOUT. Following the exact same logical transformation rule, what is the code for the word PROJECT?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: RHQGPWV

Answer

The coded word for PROJECT is RHQGPWV.
The code follows a dual positional rule: letters at odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th) are shifted forward by 2 positions in alphabetical order, while letters at even positions (2nd, 4th, 6th) are replaced by their reverse alphabetical counterpart (A↔Z, B↔Y, etc.) followed by a 1-letter backward shift. Applying these exact steps to PROJECT gives RHQGPWV.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the rule applied to letters at odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th) in GLIMMER.
G (1st) → I (+2 steps forward), I (3rd) → K (+2 steps forward), M (5th) → O (+2 steps forward), R (7th) → T (+2 steps forward).
Establishes that letters at odd positions undergo a direct +2 forward alphabetical shift.
2
Analyze the rule applied to letters at even positions (2nd, 4th, 6th) in GLIMMER.
L (2nd, reverse letter O) → N (-1 step backward), M (4th, reverse letter N) → M (-1 step backward), E (6th, reverse letter V) → U (-1 step backward).
Establishes that letters at even positions are replaced by their opposite alphabetical letter (where A=Z, B=Y, etc.) and then shifted 1 letter backward.
3
Apply the odd-position transformation (+2 forward shift) to the target word PROJECT.
P (1st) → R, O (3rd) → Q, E (5th) → G, T (7th) → V.
Determines the output letters for positions 1, 3, 5, and 7.
4
Apply the even-position transformation (reverse letter - 1 step) to the target word PROJECT.
R (2nd, reverse I) → H, J (4th, reverse Q) → P, C (6th, reverse X) → W.
Determines the output letters for positions 2, 4, and 6.
5
Combine all transformed positions sequentially.
Position 1 to 7 yields RHQGPWV.
Finalizes the code for PROJECT.

Key Concept

Positional parity-based multi-step coding combining forward shift and reverse alphabetical indexing.
Question 7Question →

In a corporate access control mechanism, security codes are generated by applying a specific transformation logic to employee department names. In this system, the word PLANT is coded as SOZQW, and the word TRAIN is coded as WUZRQ. Based on the same logic, how will the word GLOBE be coded in this system?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: JOLEV

Answer

The correct answer is JOLEV.
The coding logic treats consonants and vowels differently. Consonants are shifted forward by 3 alphabetical positions (e.g., P becomes S, G becomes J, L becomes O). Vowels are replaced by their reverse alphabetical counterpart, which represents their position from the end of the alphabet (e.g., A becomes Z, O becomes L, E becomes V). Applying this to GLOBE: G (+3) is J, L (+3) is O, O (reverse) is L, B (+3) is E, and E (reverse) is V. This yields JOLEV.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the first example (PLANT -> SOZQW) to identify the transformation rule.
The consonants P, L, N, T shift forward by 3 alphabetical positions to become S, O, Q, W. The vowel A is replaced by its reverse alphabetical counterpart Z (27 - 1 = 26).
To determine how consonants and vowels are uniquely handled within the coding structure.
2
Verify the established logic using the second example (TRAIN -> WUZRQ).
The consonants T, R, N shift forward by 3 to W, U, Q. The vowels A and I are replaced by their reverse positions Z and R (27 - 9 = 18).
To confirm the dual-rule pattern applies consistently across all provided examples.
3
Apply the confirmed dual-rule logic to the target word GLOBE.
G (+3) becomes J; L (+3) becomes O; O (reverse, 27 - 15) becomes L; B (+3) becomes E; E (reverse, 27 - 5) becomes V.
To generate the final encoded sequence according to the established transformation parameters.

Key Concept

Identifying complex dual-rule alphabetic patterns distinguishing between consonants and vowels.
Question 8Question →

A biomedical research facility tags its genetic samples using a specialized alphabetical encryption logic to maintain anonymity. In this system, the word PLASMA is coded as LPAIOA and the word SERUM is coded as IWJGO. Based on this specific coding logic, how will the word VIRUS be coded?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: FSJGI

Answer

The correct sequence is FSJGI.
The established coding rule dictates that each letter is first replaced by its reverse alphabetical counterpart (e.g., A becomes Z, B becomes Y), and then shifted forward by one letter (+1). Applying this to VIRUS: V becomes E (+1 = F), I becomes R (+1 = S), R becomes I (+1 = J), U becomes F (+1 = G), and S becomes H (+1 = I), yielding FSJGI.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the transformation applied to the word PLASMA to produce LPAIOA.
P(16) reverses to K(11), K+1 = L. L(12) reverses to O(15), O+1 = P. A(1) reverses to Z(26), Z+1 = A. S(19) reverses to H(8), H+1 = I. M(13) reverses to N(14), N+1 = O. A(1) reverses to Z(26), Z+1 = A.
To decode the underlying multi-step logic by testing position values and reverse alphabet mappings.
2
Verify the identified rule (Reverse Letter + 1) using the second example, SERUM.
S reverses to H, H+1 = I. E reverses to V, V+1 = W. R reverses to I, I+1 = J. U reverses to F, F+1 = G. M reverses to N, N+1 = O. The result IWJGO matches the given code.
To confirm the encryption rule is consistent and completely understood before applying it to the target word.
3
Apply the verified two-step rule to the target word VIRUS.
V reverses to E, E+1 = F. I reverses to R, R+1 = S. R reverses to I, I+1 = J. U reverses to F, F+1 = G. S reverses to H, H+1 = I.
To determine the final encrypted tag for the target sample.

Key Concept

Multi-step letter coding involving reverse alphabetical indexing and positional shifts.
Question 9Question →

Match each coded string in List-I with its corresponding original word and transformation logic in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

RVPERN
TDIWHM
GJPUFP
BMQSDM

Matches

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Answer

RVPERN pairs with PENCIL (Consonants +2; Vowels reversed); TDIWHM pairs with GARDEN (Consonants reversed; Vowels +3); GJPUFP pairs with FLOWER (Odd positions +1; Even positions -2); BMQSDM pairs with PLANET (Halves reversed; 1st half +1, 2nd half -1).
Each coded string strictly adheres to a unique multi-step rule: RVPERN uses consonant +2 shift and vowel reverse position; TDIWHM uses consonant reverse position and vowel +3 shift; GJPUFP uses alternating odd (+1) and even (-2) positional shifts; BMQSDM uses half-word reversal combined with +1 and -1 shifts respectively.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze RVPERN using vowel and consonant operations.
Checking PENCIL: Consonants P(+2)=R, N(+2)=P, C(+2)=E, L(+2)=N; Vowels E->V (27-5=22) and I->R (27-9=18). This forms RVPERN.
Identify pattern separating vowel and consonant rules.
2
Analyze TDIWHM using opposite letters for consonants.
Checking GARDEN: Consonants G->T, R->I, D->W, N->M; Vowels A(+3)=D, E(+3)=H. This forms TDIWHM.
Verify dual-rule application based on letter type.
3
Analyze GJPUFP using positional indexing.
Checking FLOWER: Odd positions (1,3,5) F->G, O->P, E->F (+1 shift); Even positions (2,4,6) L->J, W->U, R->P (-2 shift). This forms GJPUFP.
Verify alternating positional shift pattern.
4
Analyze BMQSDM using block reversal and directional shifts.
Checking PLANET: First half 'PLA' reversed is 'ALP', shifted +1 gives 'BMQ'. Second half 'NET' reversed is 'TEN', shifted -1 gives 'SDM'. Combining gives BMQSDM.
Verify half-word reversal and split directional shifts.

Key Concept

Complex Multi-Rule Coding and Decoding (Vowel/Consonant Dual Rules, Positional Shifts, Half-Reversals)
Question 10Question →

In a certain code language, the word 'STREAM' is written as 'TUSBFN'. How is the word 'GARDEN' written in that same code language?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: HBSEFO

Answer

HBSEFO
Each letter in 'STREAM' moves forward by 1 letter in the English alphabet (+1+1 shift). Applying this uniform +1+1 shift to 'GARDEN' yields G→H, A→B, R→S, D→E, E→F, N→O, forming 'HBSEFO'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the pattern between 'STREAM' and 'TUSBFN'
S → T (+1), T → U (+1), R → S (+1), E → F (+1), A → B (+1), M → N (+1)
Identify the positional transformation applied to each letter in alphabetical order.
2
Apply the same (+1) shift rule to each letter of 'GARDEN'
G (+1) → H, A (+1) → B, R (+1) → S, D (+1) → E, E (+1) → F, N (+1) → O
Execute the confirmed pattern on the target word to obtain the final coded string.

Key Concept

Forward Letter Shifting (+1 Pattern)
Estimated Time:45s
Question 11Question →

Match each original word in List-I with its correctly coded representation in List-II based on its specific alphabetical coding rule.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

MINT
COLD
HIGH
PARK

Matches

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Answer

'MINT' matches with 'NJOU' (+1 shift), 'COLD' matches with 'BNKC' (-1 shift), 'HIGH' matches with 'STRS' (reverse alphabetical pair), and 'PARK' matches with 'KRAP' (letter reversal).
Each word aligns with its precise logical transformation: 'MINT' undergoes a +1+1 position shift to become 'NJOU', 'COLD' undergoes a −1-1 position shift to become 'BNKC', 'HIGH' uses reverse alphabetical pairing to become 'STRS', and 'PARK' reverses its letter order to become 'KRAP'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the coding logic for 'MINT'
Shifting each letter forward by 1 position yields M+1=N, I+1=J, N+1=O, T+1=U, forming 'NJOU'.
Identify the forward position shift rule.
2
Determine the coding logic for 'COLD'
Shifting each letter backward by 1 position yields C-1=B, O-1=N, L-1=K, D-1=C, forming 'BNKC'.
Identify the backward position shift rule.
3
Determine the coding logic for 'HIGH'
Replacing each letter with its opposite position in the alphabet (A↔Z,H↔S,I↔R,G↔TA \leftrightarrow Z, H \leftrightarrow S, I \leftrightarrow R, G \leftrightarrow T) forms 'STRS'.
Identify reverse alphabetical indexing rule.
4
Determine the coding logic for 'PARK'
Reversing the left-to-right letter sequence of 'PARK' forms 'KRAP'.
Identify string reversal logic.

Key Concept

Basic letter shift rules, reverse alphabetical pairs, and string reversal in Coding-Decoding.
Question 12Question →

In a certain code language, the word ORANGE is written as PSBOHF. Following the exact same coding rule, what is the code for the word GRAPE?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: HSBQF; hsbqf

Answer

The code for the word GRAPE is HSBQF.
Each letter in the original word is shifted forward by one position in the alphabet. Applying this +1 shift to the letters of GRAPE gives G -> H, R -> S, A -> B, P -> Q, and E -> F, resulting in the code HSBQF.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the rule used to transform ORANGE into PSBOHF.
Each letter in ORANGE is shifted forward by 1 position in the English alphabetical sequence: O (+1) -> P, R (+1) -> S, A (+1) -> B, N (+1) -> O, G (+1) -> H, E (+1) -> F.
Identifying the pattern of adding 1 to each letter's alphabetical rank determines the coding rule.
2
Apply the +1 forward letter shift rule to each letter of GRAPE.
G (+1) -> H, R (+1) -> S, A (+1) -> B, P (+1) -> Q, E (+1) -> F.
Applying the same rule consistently to all letters produces the correct decoded word.

Key Concept

Forward Alphabetical Position Shift
Question 13Question →

Match each original word in List-I with its corresponding coded representation in List-II based on their underlying logical transformation rules.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

ORBIT
CRAFT
GLINT
PRISM

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

ORBIT matches LUERW, CRAFT matches ATHHR, GLINT matches TOJMG, and PRISM matches QTLWR.
Each item in List-I follows a unique logical rule: ORBIT uses a mixed vowel-reverse and consonant +3+3 shift to yield LUERW; CRAFT uses an alternating −2/+2-2/+2 positional index shift to yield ATHHR; GLINT applies reverse-consonant mapping with +1+1 vowel shift to yield TOJMG; and PRISM uses a progressive positional addition (+1,+2,+3,+4,+5+1, +2, +3, +4, +5) to yield QTLWR.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the transformation for ORBIT
ORBIT becomes LUERW
Vowels are replaced with reverse alphabetical letters (O→LO \to L, I→RI \to R) and consonants are shifted +3+3 (R→UR \to U, B→EB \to E, T→WT \to W).
2
Analyze the transformation for CRAFT
CRAFT becomes ATHHR
Odd-positioned letters (1st, 3rd, 5th) shift −2-2 (C→AC \to A, A→YA \to Y, T→RT \to R) and even-positioned letters (2nd, 4th) shift +2+2 (R→TR \to T, F→HF \to H).
3
Analyze the transformation for GLINT
GLINT becomes TOJMG
Consonants are replaced by their reverse alphabetical counterparts (G→TG \to T, L→OL \to O, N→MN \to M, T→GT \to G) and vowels shift +1+1 (I→JI \to J).
4
Analyze the transformation for PRISM
PRISM becomes QTLWR
Each letter's alphabetical shift equals its 1-based position in the word: 1st1^{\text{st}} letter +1+1, 2nd2^{\text{nd}} letter +2+2, 3rd3^{\text{rd}} letter +3+3, 4th4^{\text{th}} letter +4+4, and 5th5^{\text{th}} letter +5+5.

Key Concept

Complex Pattern Transformations in Coding-Decoding
Question 14Question →

In a certain code language, the word 'FLOWER' is written as 'HNQYGT'. How is the word 'GARDEN' written in that code language?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ICTFGP

Answer

The word 'GARDEN' is coded as 'ICTFGP'.
The underlying coding rule shifts each letter forward by 2 positions in alphabetical order (+2+2). Applying this +2+2 shift to 'GARDEN' produces G→IG \rightarrow I, A→CA \rightarrow C, R→TR \rightarrow T, D→FD \rightarrow F, E→GE \rightarrow G, and N→PN \rightarrow P, which forms the word 'ICTFGP'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the rule governing the given coded word pair.
Comparing 'FLOWER' to 'HNQYGT': F+2=HF+2=H, L+2=NL+2=N, O+2=QO+2=Q, W+2=YW+2=Y, E+2=GE+2=G, and R+2=TR+2=T. The pattern is a uniform forward shift of +2+2 positions in the alphabet.
Identifying the step size and direction of letter shifts.
2
Apply the +2+2 forward shift rule to each letter of the word 'GARDEN'.
G+2=IG+2=I, A+2=CA+2=C, R+2=TR+2=T, D+2=FD+2=F, E+2=GE+2=G, N+2=PN+2=P.
Transforming the letters of the target word using the established rule.

Key Concept

Forward Positional Letter Shift Coding
Question 15Question →

During a network security test, an encryption algorithm alters text strings based on character classification. When the algorithm processes the input string PLANET, it generates the cipher NJDLHR. Applying the exact same logical transformation, which of the following is the cipher for the input ORBIT?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: RPZLR

Answer

The cipher for ORBIT is RPZLR.
The encryption algorithm applies a specific positional shift based on whether a letter is a vowel or a consonant. Consonants are shifted backward by 2 steps in the alphabet, while vowels are shifted forward by 3 steps. Applying this to ORBIT: O(+3)=R, R(-2)=P, B(-2)=Z, I(+3)=L, and T(-2)=R, yielding the cipher RPZLR.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the alphabetical position shift between the input PLANET and the cipher NJDLHR.
P(16) → N(14) is -2; L(12) → J(10) is -2; A(1) → D(4) is +3; N(14) → L(12) is -2; E(5) → H(8) is +3; T(20) → R(18) is -2.
Determining the individual letter transformations reveals the underlying logic of the encryption algorithm.
2
Identify the pattern distinguishing the different shift values.
All consonants (P, L, N, T) are shifted backward by 2 positions (-2). All vowels (A, E) are shifted forward by 3 positions (+3).
Coding sequences often depend on character classification such as vowels versus consonants.
3
Apply the established consonant rule (-2) and vowel rule (+3) to the target string ORBIT.
O (vowel) + 3 = R; R (consonant) - 2 = P; B (consonant) - 2 = Z; I (vowel) + 3 = L; T (consonant) - 2 = R.
Applying the exact algorithm guarantees the correct cipher generation.
4
Combine the transformed characters to form the final cipher.
The final string is RPZLR.
This completes the encryption process.

Key Concept

Coding and Decoding based on Vowel and Consonant conditions
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 16Question →

To categorize inventory, a warehouse management system generates unique reference tags for items based on their names by applying a consistent alphabetical transformation. For example, the item named PUBLIC is assigned the reference tag LGZPSY.

Applying this exact same tagging algorithm, what reference tag will be generated for the item named SECTOR?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: IWYHMJ

Answer

The correct reference tag generated for the item SECTOR is IWYHMJ.
The correct algorithm applies a two-step transformation to each letter. First, it finds the reverse alphabetical counterpart (Opposite: A becomes Z, B becomes Y, etc.). Second, it shifts that opposite letter forward by 1 position (+1). Applying this exact logic to SECTOR yields IWYHMJ.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Examine the relationship between the first letter of 'PUBLIC' (P) and its corresponding tag letter (L).
P is the 16th letter of the alphabet. Its reverse alphabetical counterpart is K (the 11th letter, since 27 - 16 = 11). Shifting K forward by 1 position (+1) results in L.
To establish the underlying, multi-step mathematical pattern applied by the algorithm.
2
Verify this 'Opposite + 1' pattern with the remaining letters of 'PUBLIC'.
U(21) → F(6) → G; B(2) → Y(25) → Z; L(12) → O(15) → P; I(9) → R(18) → S; C(3) → X(24) → Y. The pattern perfectly matches the provided tag 'LGZPSY'.
To confirm the rule is consistent across the entire word before applying it to the target.
3
Apply the confirmed algorithm to the target word 'SECTOR'.
S → Opposite is H → +1 is I
E → Opposite is V → +1 is W
C → Opposite is X → +1 is Y
T → Opposite is G → +1 is H
O → Opposite is L → +1 is M
R → Opposite is I → +1 is J
The final string is IWYHMJ.
To generate the final reference tag as requested by the question stem.

Key Concept

Identifying compound character transformations (reverse indexing paired with standard interval shifting) in alphanumeric strings.
Question 17Question →

In a certain code language, the word RESOLUTE is written as KHJRQXIH. Based on the exact same transformation logic, how is the word DYNAMICS written in that code language?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: YBODPLZV

Answer

The coded representation for DYNAMICS is YBODPLZV.
The code follows a dual position-dependent rule: odd-numbered positions are converted to their reverse alphabetical letter (A=1↔Z=26A=1 \leftrightarrow Z=26) and then shifted forward by 2 positions, whereas even-numbered positions are shifted forward by 3 positions. Applying this systematically to DYNAMICS yields YBODPLZV.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the transformation rule in RESOLUTE -> KHJRQXIH by indexing positions 1 to 8
Letters at odd positions (1, 3, 5, 7) undergo reverse alphabetical transformation (A↔ZA \leftrightarrow Z) followed by a forward shift of +2+2. Letters at even positions (2, 4, 6, 8) undergo a standard forward shift of +3+3.
Deconstructing position-dependent rules is necessary to establish the coding algorithm.
2
Apply the odd-position transformation (Reverse Letter + 2) to DYNAMICS
1st letter D (4) -> Reverse W (23) + 2 = Y; 3rd letter N (14) -> Reverse M (13) + 2 = O; 5th letter M (13) -> Reverse N (14) + 2 = P; 7th letter C (3) -> Reverse X (24) + 2 = Z.
Odd positions follow reverse alphabetical indexing with a shift offset.
3
Apply the even-position transformation (Forward Shift + 3) to DYNAMICS
2nd letter Y (25) + 3 = B; 4th letter A (1) + 3 = D; 6th letter I (9) + 3 = L; 8th letter S (19) + 3 = V.
Even positions advance by 3 alphabetical steps.
4
Combine the resulting transformed letters in sequence
Pos 1 to 8: Y - B - O - D - P - L - Z - V.
Assembling the position results forms the complete final coded word YBODPLZV.

Key Concept

Positional parity coding with reverse alphabetical indexing and incremental shifts
Estimated Time:1m 50s
Question 18Question →

In a certain coding system, vowels are replaced by their reverse alphabetical position letters (A↔ZA \leftrightarrow Z, E↔VE \leftrightarrow V, I↔RI \leftrightarrow R, O↔LO \leftrightarrow L, U↔FU \leftrightarrow F). Consonants appearing at odd-numbered position indices (1st, 3rd, 5th, etc.) are shifted forward by 33 positions in the alphabet (+3+3), while consonants appearing at even-numbered position indices (2nd, 4th, 6th, etc.) are shifted backward by 22 positions (−2-2).

For example, under this system, the word BASKET is coded as EZVIVR.

What is the coded representation for the word HARVEST?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: KZUTVQW; kzutvqw

Answer

KZUTVQW
Transforming each letter of HARVEST according to its position and type yields: Position 1 (H, odd-index consonant) →\rightarrow H +3=K+ 3 = \mathbf{K}; Position 2 (A, vowel) →\rightarrow reverse of A =Z= \mathbf{Z}; Position 3 (R, odd-index consonant) →\rightarrow R +3=U+ 3 = \mathbf{U}; Position 4 (V, even-index consonant) →\rightarrow V −2=T- 2 = \mathbf{T}; Position 5 (E, vowel) →\rightarrow reverse of E =V= \mathbf{V}; Position 6 (S, even-index consonant) →\rightarrow S −2=Q- 2 = \mathbf{Q}; Position 7 (T, odd-index consonant) →\rightarrow T +3=W+ 3 = \mathbf{W}. Concatenating these transformed letters produces KZUTVQW.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the position index (1 to 7), letter type (vowel or consonant), and index parity (odd or even) for each letter in HARVEST.
H (1st, odd consonant), A (2nd, vowel), R (3rd, odd consonant), V (4th, even consonant), E (5th, vowel), S (6th, even consonant), T (7th, odd consonant).
Establishing individual letter rules based on position and character type is required before transformation.
2
Apply +3+3 shift to odd-positioned consonants (H, R, T).
H (8) + 3 = 11 (K); R (18) + 3 = 21 (U); T (20) + 3 = 23 (W).
Consonants at positions 1, 3, and 7 move forward by 3 letters in the alphabet.
3
Apply reverse alphabetical indexing to vowels (A, E).
A (1st letter) becomes Z (26th letter); E (5th letter) becomes V (22nd letter).
Vowels map to their opposite position pairs (27−position27 - \text{position}).$
4
Apply −2-2 shift to even-positioned consonants (V, S).
V (22) - 2 = 20 (T); S (19) - 2 = 17 (Q).
Consonants at positions 4 and 6 move backward by 2 letters in the alphabet.
5
Combine the transformed letters sequentially from positions 1 through 7.
K + Z + U + T + V + Q + W = KZUTVQW.
Assembling the converted characters in original sequence yields the final coded string.

Key Concept

Positional Parity Shift and Vowel Reverse Alphabetical Encoding
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 19Question →

In a standardized coding system:
1. Each consonant in a word is replaced by the letter that is NN positions ahead of it in the English alphabetical order, where NN is the total count of vowels present in that specific word.
2. Each vowel is replaced by its reverse alphabetical counterpart (where A↔ZA \leftrightarrow Z, B↔YB \leftrightarrow Y, etc.), and then shifted backward by 33 positions in the English alphabet.
3. Finally, the sequence of letters obtained is written in reverse order.

If the word PRACTICE is coded as SFOFWUS using this rule, what is the code for the word DIPLOMAT?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: WWPIOSOG; W W P I O S O G; wwpiosog

Answer

WWPIOSOG
The correct answer is obtained by first identifying that DIPLOMAT contains 3 vowels (I, O, A), making N=3N = 3. Each consonant is shifted forward by 3 positions (D →\rightarrow G, P →\rightarrow S, L →\rightarrow O, M →\rightarrow P, T →\rightarrow W). Each vowel is mapped to its reverse letter and then shifted back 3 places (I →\rightarrow R →\rightarrow O, O →\rightarrow L →\rightarrow I, A →\rightarrow Z →\rightarrow W). Combining these gives GOSOI PWW, which when reversed yields WWPIOSOG.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Count the number of vowels in the target word DIPLOMAT to determine the consonant shift parameter NN.
The vowels in DIPLOMAT are I, O, and A. The total number of vowels is N=3N = 3.
Rule 1 requires shifting consonants forward by the number of vowels in the word.
2
Apply Rule 1 to all consonants in DIPLOMAT by shifting each forward by 33 positions.
D →\rightarrow G, P →\rightarrow S, L →\rightarrow O, M →\rightarrow P, T →\rightarrow W.
Consonants shift forward by N=3N=3 positions in alphabetical order.
3
Apply Rule 2 to all vowels in DIPLOMAT by finding their reverse alphabetical counterpart and shifting backward by 33 positions.
I (opposite R) →\rightarrow R - 3 = O; O (opposite L) →\rightarrow L - 3 = I; A (opposite Z) →\rightarrow Z - 3 = W.
Vowels undergo reverse alphabetical substitution followed by a 3-position backward shift.
4
Assemble the transformed letters in original sequential order and reverse the entire string.
Forward order: G O S O I P W W. Reversed string: W W P I O S O G.
Rule 3 dictates reversing the entire transformed character sequence.

Key Concept

Multi-rule Alphanumeric Transformation and Positional Reversal
Estimated Time:2m 30s
Question 20Question →

In a certain code language, the word 'CRAFT' is coded as 'UGZSD' and the word 'BELONG' is coded as 'IPLNVD'. Based on the same logic, which of the following represents the correct code for the word 'TRUMPET'?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: VVROFTV

Answer

VVROFTV
The correct answer 'VVROFTV' is obtained by recognizing that 'TRUMPET' contains 22 vowels ('U' and 'E'). Each consonant (T, R, M, P, T) is shifted forward by +2+2 positions, while each vowel is replaced by its reverse alphabetical counterpart (U →\rightarrow F, E →\rightarrow V), resulting in 'VTFORVV'. Reversing this string produces 'VVROFTV'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the coding rules using the given examples 'CRAFT' and 'BELONG'
Rule 1: Count the number of vowels in the given word (e.g., 'CRAFT' has 11 vowel; 'BELONG' has 22 vowels).
Rule 2: Each consonant is shifted forward in the English alphabet by NN positions, where NN is the total count of vowels in that word.
Rule 3: Each vowel is replaced by its reverse alphabetical letter (where A↔ZA \leftrightarrow Z, B↔YB \leftrightarrow Y, etc., such that reverse position = 27−forward position27 - \text{forward position}).
Rule 4: The transformed sequence of letters is reversed from back to front.
Establishing the precise multi-step rule set explains both sample transformations.
2
Count vowels in the target word 'TRUMPET'
The word 'TRUMPET' contains 22 vowels ('U' and 'E'). Thus, for all consonants, N=2N = 2.
Determines the exact shift value needed for consonant transformations.
3
Apply transformations to each letter of 'TRUMPET'
• T (Consonant): 20+2=22→V20 + 2 = 22 \rightarrow V
• R (Consonant): 18+2=20→T18 + 2 = 20 \rightarrow T
• U (Vowel): 27−21=6→F27 - 21 = 6 \rightarrow F
• M (Consonant): 13+2=15→O13 + 2 = 15 \rightarrow O
• P (Consonant): 16+2=18→R16 + 2 = 18 \rightarrow R
• E (Vowel): 27−5=22→V27 - 5 = 22 \rightarrow V
• T (Consonant): 20+2=22→V20 + 2 = 22 \rightarrow V
Transformed string: VTFORVV
Executes positional shifts for consonants and reverse indexing for vowels.
4
Reverse the transformed letter string
Reversing 'VTFORVV' yields 'VVROFTV'.
Completes the final step of the coding algorithm.

Key Concept

Multi-Rule Alphanumeric and Reverse Alphabetical Coding
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