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Current Affairs and General Awareness

369 questions

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Question 181Question →

Match List-I (Person or Place in News) with List-II (Associated Context or Designation) and select the correct matching pair.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Claudia Sheinbaum
Keir Starmer
Agalega Island
Kristalina Georgieva

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Claudia Sheinbaum matches with the first female President of Mexico; Keir Starmer matches with the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; Agalega Island matches with the Indian-assisted airstrip and jetty infrastructure in Mauritius; Kristalina Georgieva matches with the second term as Managing Director of the IMF.
Each entry correctly aligns the key person or place with its prominent global event: Claudia Sheinbaum became Mexico's first female President; Keir Starmer assumed office as UK Prime Minister; Agalega Island represents the Indian-assisted development project in Mauritius; and Kristalina Georgieva secured a second term leading the IMF.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the significance of key political leaders in recent international news.
Claudia Sheinbaum made history as Mexico's first female president, while Keir Starmer took office as the UK Prime Minister.
Matching high-profile political figures to their exact official positions is required.
2
Analyze prominent international places and economic institutional appointments.
Agalega Island relates to India-Mauritius maritime cooperation, and Kristalina Georgieva was re-selected as IMF chief.
Linking geographic locations and international heads to their respective geopolitical contexts completes the matching sequence.

Key Concept

Major International Appointments and Places in Recent Global News
Question 182Question →

Match the prominent Indian space missions listed in List-I with their primary target bodies or mission objectives listed in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Gaganyaan
Shukrayaan-1
AstroSat

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Gaganyaan matches with 'Human spaceflight demonstration in Low Earth Orbit', Shukrayaan-1 matches with 'Orbital study of the atmosphere and surface of Venus', and AstroSat matches with 'Dedicated space observatory for multi-wavelength astronomy'.
The correct pairing correctly identifies Gaganyaan as the human spaceflight mission to Low Earth Orbit, Shukrayaan-1 as the Venus orbiter mission, and AstroSat as the multi-wavelength space astronomy observatory.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary objective of Gaganyaan
Gaganyaan is India's crewed spaceflight initiative.
It aims to launch human crew members into Low Earth Orbit and bring them back safely.
2
Identify the target body of Shukrayaan-1
Shukrayaan-1 is targeted towards the planet Venus.
The name 'Shukra' denotes Venus in Sanskrit and Indian astronomy.
3
Identify the domain of AstroSat
AstroSat is designed for cosmic observation across multiple spectral wavelengths.
It functions as an orbital multi-wavelength space telescope.

Key Concept

Objectives and Targets of Key Indian Space Exploration Missions
Question 183Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the 'Scheme for Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment' featured in Union Budgets:

1. Financial assistance under this scheme is extended to state governments in the form of 50-year interest-free loans.
2. The entire financial allocation under this scheme is strictly conditional upon states implementing specified sector reforms, with no untied component.
3. The loans provided under this scheme are counted within the normal annual borrowing ceiling of 3%3\% of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) allowed to states.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 only

Answer

Only Statement 1 is correct.
The correct response identifies that only the statement regarding 50-year interest-free loans is true. The scheme provides long-term assistance to state governments for capital projects. The assistance includes an untied portion disbursed in proportion to tax devolution and is granted over and above the normal fiscal deficit limit of 3%3\% of GSDP.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the nature of financial assistance under the scheme.
Statement 1 is correct.
The central government provides assistance under the 'Scheme for Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment' as long-term 50-year interest-free loans to spur infrastructure investment.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding conditionality and reform linkage.
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The scheme comprises both untied allocations (distributed based on XV Finance Commission devolution shares) and tied allocations (linked to specific reforms like urban planning, land reforms, and industrial parks).
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the interaction with GSDP borrowing limits.
Statement 3 is incorrect.
Financial assistance under this special scheme is provided over and above the annual net borrowing limit of 3%3\% of GSDP fixed for the state governments under the fiscal governance framework.

Key Concept

Scheme for Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 184Question →

Exercise 'VARUNA' is an annual bilateral maritime exercise conducted between the Indian Navy and the navy of which nation?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: France

Answer

France
Exercise 'VARUNA' is the bilateral naval exercise initiated in 1993 and officially named in 2001, conducted annually between the Indian Navy and the French Navy.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the bilateral naval exercises involving the Indian Armed Forces
Recall that Exercise VARUNA is the named bilateral maritime exercise between India and France.
The question specifically asks for the partner nation involved in Exercise VARUNA.

Key Concept

Bilateral Joint Military and Naval Exercises of India
Estimated Time:45s
Question 185Question →

Match the following joint military exercises involving the Indian Armed Forces (List-I) with their corresponding partner nation or operational framework (List-II):

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Exercise Bold Kurukshetra
Exercise LAMITIYE
Exercise Garuda Shakti
Exercise Khaan Quest

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct matches are: Exercise Bold Kurukshetra corresponds to the bilateral joint exercise with Singapore; Exercise LAMITIYE corresponds to the bilateral army exercise with Seychelles; Exercise Garuda Shakti corresponds to the bilateral special forces exercise with Indonesia; and Exercise Khaan Quest corresponds to the multilateral peacekeeping exercise hosted in Mongolia.
The correctly matched pairs associate Exercise Bold Kurukshetra with Singapore, Exercise LAMITIYE with Seychelles, Exercise Garuda Shakti with Indonesia (Special Forces), and Exercise Khaan Quest with the multilateral peacekeeping framework in Mongolia.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Exercise Bold Kurukshetra and Exercise LAMITIYE.
Exercise Bold Kurukshetra is an army-level engagement with Singapore focusing on mechanized forces. Exercise LAMITIYE is a biennial security exercise with Seychelles.
Distinguishing bilateral army exercises based on partner nation host history and scope.
2
Analyze Exercise Garuda Shakti and differentiate it from similar exercise names.
Garuda Shakti is specifically the Army Special Forces exercise with Indonesia.
Care must be taken not to confuse Exercise Garuda Shakti (Army Special Forces, Indonesia) with Exercise Garuda (Air Force, France) or Exercise Samudra Shakti (Navy, Indonesia).
3
Determine the format and host country of Exercise Khaan Quest.
Exercise Khaan Quest is a multilateral UN Peacekeeping exercise conducted in Mongolia.
Unlike the other three items which are bilateral engagements, Khaan Quest involves multinational military units trained for international peacekeeping standards.

Key Concept

Bilateral and Multilateral Military Exercises of the Indian Armed Forces
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 186Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the Earth Observation Satellite-08 (EOS-08) mission launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO):

1. It was successfully placed into orbit using the third developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV-D3).
2. It carries a Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) payload designed for remote sensing applications such as ocean surface wind analysis and soil moisture estimation.
3. The satellite operates in a Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) to provide continuous 24-hour meteorological imaging of the Indian subcontinent.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 2 only
The option selecting '1 and 2 only' is correct because EOS-08 was indeed launched on SSLV-D3 and carries the GNSS-R payload. Statement 3 is false because EOS-08 is stationed in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at ~475 km altitude, not a Geostationary Transfer Orbit.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding launch vehicle
Statement 1 is correct. ISRO launched EOS-08 aboard the SSLV-D3 flight, completing the developmental phase of the SSLV program.
SSLV-D3 was the third developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding primary payloads
Statement 2 is correct. EOS-08 carries the GNSS-R payload for reflectometry-based ocean and soil remote sensing, alongside EOIR and UV dosimeter payloads.
GNSS-R processes reflected signals from navigation satellites to evaluate surface parameters.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding orbital parameters
Statement 3 is incorrect. EOS-08 was deployed into a circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of approximately 475 km, not Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).
Earth observation satellites requiring high spatial resolution are placed in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

Key Concept

EOS-08 Payload Configuration and SSLV Orbital Deployment Parameters
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 187Question →

With reference to recent global environmental and diplomatic appointments, who among the following was appointed as the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for a second term ending in 2027?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Inger Andersen

Answer

Inger Andersen is the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Inger Andersen of Denmark is the current Executive Director of UNEP, having been re-appointed by the United Nations General Assembly.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key designation and body mentioned in the stem
The target organization is UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and the post is Executive Director.
Clear identification of the leadership role requested in international appointments.
2
Evaluate the current head of UNEP
Danish economist and environmentalist Inger Andersen holds this office.
Direct recall of major multilateral organization appointments.

Key Concept

Key International Appointments and Personalities in News
Question 188Question →

In the context of recent advancements in Indian space exploration, what is the primary objective of ISRO's Chandrayaan-4 mission?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: To collect lunar soil and rock samples from the Moon and return them safely to Earth

Answer

The primary objective of ISRO's Chandrayaan-4 mission is to collect lunar soil and rock samples from the Moon and return them safely to Earth.
The Chandrayaan-4 mission represents ISRO's planned lunar sample-return endeavour. It consists of multiple spacecraft modules to execute soft landing, sample collection, lunar ascent, and atmospheric re-entry to deliver lunar samples to Earth.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the mission target and scope for Chandrayaan-4
Chandrayaan-4 is designed as a multi-module robotic mission targeting lunar surface sample return.
Unlike Chandrayaan-3, which focused on soft landing and roving, the next logical step in ISRO's lunar exploration roadmap is bringing extraterrestrial samples back to terrestrial laboratories.

Key Concept

ISRO Lunar Exploration Program and Chandrayaan-4 Mission Objectives
Question 189Question →

Exercise MALABAR is one of the most prominent multilateral naval engagements involving the Indian Navy. Which of the following statements regarding Exercise MALABAR are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It originated in 1992 as a bilateral naval exercise between India and the United States.; Japan became a permanent participant in the exercise series in 2015.

Answer

The statements confirming that Exercise MALABAR began as a bilateral exercise between India and the United States in 1992 and that Japan became a permanent participant in 2015 are correct.
Exercise MALABAR began in 1992 as a bilateral naval maneuver between the Indian Navy and the US Navy. In 2015, Japan became a permanent participant, converting it into a trilateral exercise before Australia rejoined in 2020 to align all Quad nations.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate historical background of Exercise MALABAR
Confirm that the initial iteration of the exercise started as a bilateral naval drill between India and the US Navy in 1992.
Establishing the inception details confirms the historical origin of the exercise.
2
Evaluate expansion and permanent membership additions
Confirm Japan's induction as a permanent member in 2015.
Japan officially joined as a permanent member in 2015, followed by Australia in 2020.
3
Identify mischaracterizations of domain and command structure
Reject claims of it being a land/desert army exercise or a UN-commanded operation.
MALABAR is strictly a naval combat and maritime security exercise conducted directly by partner nations.

Key Concept

History, scope, and partner composition of Exercise MALABAR
Question 190Question →

Consider the following statements regarding 'Project Seabird', one of the largest naval infrastructure projects of the Indian Navy:

1. It involves the construction and expansion of the INS Kadamba naval base located at Karwar in Karnataka.
2. The project was conceived to create a strategic deep-water base on the western coast to decongest the Naval Dockyard in Mumbai.
3. INS Kadamba is designated as the primary home base for India's strategic nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) fleet.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 2 only
The statement combination '1 and 2 only' is correct. Project Seabird is an ongoing naval infrastructure project developing the INS Kadamba base in Karwar, Karnataka, designed to provide strategic depth and decongest Mumbai harbor. However, India's nuclear ballistic missile submarine fleet is based on the east coast under Project Varsha (Rambilli, Andhra Pradesh), making statement 3 factual incorrect.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the location and base name of Project Seabird.
Statement 1 is correct. Project Seabird entails the development of INS Kadamba at Karwar, Karnataka.
INS Kadamba is the main naval base commissioned at Karwar under Project Seabird.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the strategic rationale for the Karwar base.
Statement 2 is correct. The base provides the Indian Navy with an exclusive operational harbor to relieve operational strain on Mumbai harbor.
Mumbai's commercial shipping congestion and physical constraints necessitated a dedicated naval port on the western seaboard.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the home base of India's strategic SSBN fleet.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The dedicated base for nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (such as INS Arihant) is Project Varsha located at Rambilli near Visakhapatnam on the eastern coast.
Project Seabird caters primarily to surface fleets (including aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates) and conventional submarines, whereas SSBN infrastructure is sited under Project Varsha.

Key Concept

Naval Infrastructure and Strategic Defense Projects of India
Question 191Question →

Match the economic terms and fiscal indicators frequently featured in Union Budgets and Economic Surveys (List I) with their corresponding macroeconomic definitions (List II).

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Monetized Deficit
Fiscal Drag
Tax Buoyancy
Fiscal Multiplier

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Monetized Deficit corresponds to net central bank credit creation to government; Fiscal Drag corresponds to inflation pushing taxpayers into higher tax brackets; Tax Buoyancy corresponds to tax revenue growth relative to GDP growth; Fiscal Multiplier corresponds to total income change generated per unit change in government spending.
Each indicator matches its formal macroeconomic definition: Monetized Deficit measures net central bank credit extended to the government; Fiscal Drag refers to inflation-induced bracket creep increasing real tax burdens; Tax Buoyancy measures the sensitivity of tax collection relative to GDP growth; and Fiscal Multiplier evaluates the secondary economic output generated per unit of public spending.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify Monetized Deficit
Monetized Deficit is defined as the net increase in central bank credit to the government, essentially money expansion to cover fiscal shortfalls.
It measures direct central bank financing of government borrowing.
2
Identify Fiscal Drag
Fiscal Drag describes how inflation-driven nominal income gains automatically push citizens into higher progressive tax brackets without tax rate changes.
This process absorbs purchasing power from the economy automatically.
3
Identify Tax Buoyancy
Tax Buoyancy measures the proportional change in tax revenue relative to growth in nominal GDP (%ΔTax/%ΔGDP\%\Delta Tax / \%\Delta GDP).
It assesses the underlying efficiency and economic alignment of tax collection.
4
Identify Fiscal Multiplier
Fiscal Multiplier represents the ratio of aggregate output expansion resulting from an initial increase in public spending.
It measures how public capital outlays crowd-in economic activity.

Key Concept

Fiscal & Macroeconomic Indicators
Question 192Question →

Regarding the X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) mission launched by ISRO, which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It is India's first dedicated space-based observatory designed to study the polarization of X-rays from celestial sources.; Its primary payload, POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays), was developed by the Raman Research Institute in collaboration with ISRO.; It carries the XSPECT payload to carry out long-term spectral and timing studies of X-ray sources.

Answer

The correct statements are that XPoSat is India's first dedicated X-ray polarimetry space observatory, its POLIX payload was developed by the Raman Research Institute, and its XSPECT payload is designed for X-ray spectroscopy and timing studies in Low Earth Orbit.
XPoSat represents India's landmark scientific endeavor focusing on X-ray polarimetry. Its primary instrument POLIX was developed by the Raman Research Institute, while the XSPECT instrument carries out spectroscopic timing studies of high-energy cosmic sources.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary scientific objective of ISRO's XPoSat mission.
XPoSat is launched to study the degree and angle of polarization of X-rays from cosmic objects like neutron stars and black hole binaries.
This establishes XPoSat as India's first dedicated space mission for polarimetry measurements.
2
Analyze the onboard scientific instruments and institutional contributions.
POLIX was built by Raman Research Institute (RRI) for polarimetry, and XSPECT was built by ISRO's U R Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) for spectroscopy and timing.
These payload assignments match the official mission configuration.
3
Verify the launch vehicle and target orbit details.
XPoSat was launched by PSLV-C58 into a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at around 650 km with a 6-degree inclination.
Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) and LVM3 heavy-lift deployment details are incorrect for this mission.

Key Concept

ISRO XPoSat mission objectives, payloads (POLIX, XSPECT), and orbital parameters.
Question 193Question →

Exercise 'JIMEX' is a bilateral maritime exercise conducted between the Indian Navy and the naval force of which of the following nations?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Japan

Answer

Japan
Japan is the correct partner nation. 'JIMEX' stands for Japan-India Maritime Exercise, an annual bilateral naval engagement between the Indian Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force aimed at strengthening maritime safety and defense cooperation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the naming structure and acronym of the military exercise.
'JIMEX' stands for Japan-India Maritime Exercise.
Joint bilateral defense exercises often incorporate standard acronyms formed from partner nation names and military branches.
2
Verify the partner service branch and country.
The exercise involves the Indian Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).
JIMEX is designed to foster maritime security cooperation and operational interoperability in the Indo-Pacific region.

Key Concept

Bilateral Maritime Exercises of India
Estimated Time:45s
Question 194Question →

Match the prominent Indian space missions and satellites listed in List-I with their respective primary scientific objectives or mission profiles listed in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

XPoSat
INSAT-3DS
Shukrayaan-1 (VOM)
Gaganyaan (H1)

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

XPoSat corresponds to X-ray polarization study of astronomical sources; INSAT-3DS corresponds to meteorological observations and disaster warning; Shukrayaan-1 corresponds to Venusian atmospheric and surface study; Gaganyaan corresponds to human spaceflight capability in Low Earth Orbit.
Each mission correctly aligns with its primary objectives: XPoSat measures X-ray polarization from extreme celestial objects; INSAT-3DS upgrades India's meteorological observations; Shukrayaan-1 explores Venusian atmospheric dynamics; and Gaganyaan demonstrates human spaceflight capability in Low Earth Orbit.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the objective of XPoSat.
XPoSat carries POLIX and XSPECT payloads designed to measure polarization features in cosmic X-ray emissions.
It is India's pioneer polarimetry mission targeting extreme cosmic bodies like neutron stars.
2
Analyze the operational domain of INSAT-3DS.
INSAT-3DS provides high-resolution atmospheric profiling, sea surface temperature monitoring, and disaster alerts.
It is part of India's third-generation geostationary meteorological satellite series.
3
Analyze the primary planetary target of Shukrayaan-1.
Shukrayaan-1 (Venus Orbiter Mission) focuses on investigating Venus' atmospheric chemistry and surface structure.
VOM is dedicated to exploring planet Venus using subsurface radar and atmospheric sensors.
4
Analyze the mission profile of Gaganyaan.
Gaganyaan aims to safely transport Indian astronauts to Low Earth Orbit (350−400 km350-400\text{ km}) and return them.
It represents India's flagship human spaceflight program.

Key Concept

Recent ISRO Space Missions and Primary Scientific Objectives
Question 195Question →

The NISAR satellite mission, frequently highlighted in space technology news, is a joint Earth-observation initiative developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and which international space agency?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Answer

The NISAR mission is a joint initiative between ISRO and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
The correct option is National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) because NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a flagship dual-frequency Earth-observing radar satellite mission jointly developed by NASA and ISRO.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the acronym NISAR
NISAR expands to NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar.
The name directly reflects the partner space agencies involved in the mission.
2
Recall the agency partnership details
NASA supplies the L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar and high-rate communication systems, while ISRO provides the S-band radar, spacecraft bus, and launch services.
This establishes NASA as the primary international partner agency.

Key Concept

International Space Collaborations and Earth Observation Missions
Question 196Question →

Regarding recent defense initiatives, strategic missile technology flight tests, and military exercises involving the Indian Armed Forces, which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Exercise 'Tarang Shakti' is the largest multinational air exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force, designed to enhance interoperability and tactical cooperation among allied air forces.; 'Mission Divyastra' marked the successful maiden flight test of the indigenously developed Agni-V missile equipped with Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology.

Answer

The correct statements are the ones describing Exercise Tarang Shakti as the Indian Air Force's premier multinational air exercise and Mission Divyastra as the maiden flight test of the Agni-V missile carrying MIRV technology.
The statement identifying Exercise Tarang Shakti is correct because it is the flagship multinational air exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force to enhance multi-domain tactical cooperation. The statement regarding Mission Divyastra is also correct because it represents the historical maiden test of DRDO's MIRV-capable Agni-V missile system.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the statement regarding Exercise Tarang Shakti
Exercise Tarang Shakti is indeed the largest multinational air combat exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force to foster air defense operational interoperability.
Verifying the service branch (IAF) and operational format (multinational air exercise).
2
Evaluate the statement regarding Exercise SLINEX
The statement is incorrect. SLINEX is a bilateral naval exercise between India and Sri Lanka, not an army exercise between India and Singapore (which is SIMBEX/Bold Kurukshetra).
Checking partner nation and service branch domain for military exercise acronyms.
3
Evaluate the statement regarding Mission Divyastra
The statement is correct. Mission Divyastra was the first successful flight test of India's indigenous Agni-V missile integrated with MIRV technology.
Confirming missile technology designations and strategic defense milestones.
4
Evaluate the statement regarding Project Akashteer
The statement is incorrect. Project Akashteer is the Indian Army's automated Air Defense Control and Reporting System developed by BEL, not a deep-sea submersible.
Verifying defense procurement projects and domain applications.

Key Concept

Defense Affairs, Strategic Platforms, and Joint Military Exercises
Question 197Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission:

1. NISAR is designed to observe Earth's dynamic land and ice surfaces using dual-frequency radar systems operating in L-band and S-band microwave frequencies.
2. The L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload is provided by ISRO, whereas the S-band SAR system is developed by NASA.
3. The satellite is configured to operate from a Sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to achieve comprehensive global coverage.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

The correct option is the one stating '1 and 3 only'.
Statements 1 and 3 accurately describe NISAR's dual-frequency radar specifications (L-band and S-band) and its Sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit configuration. Statement 2 is incorrect because NASA supplies the L-band SAR system and ISRO supplies the S-band SAR system.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct. NISAR is a joint Earth-observation mission utilizing dual-frequency SAR (L-band at 24 cm wavelength and S-band at 12 cm wavelength) to observe surface deformation, ecosystem structures, and ice dynamics.
Verifying the scientific payload capabilities of the mission.
2
Analyze Statement 2
Statement 2 is incorrect. NASA is responsible for providing the L-band SAR, GPS receiver, high-rate telecommunications system, and solid-state recorder. ISRO is responsible for providing the S-band SAR, spacecraft bus, launch vehicle (GSLV/LVM3), and associated launch services.
Checking the inter-agency division of payload responsibilities between NASA and ISRO.
3
Analyze Statement 3
Statement 3 is correct. NISAR will be placed in a Sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of approximately 747 km, allowing it to map the entire globe every 12 days.
Evaluating orbital parameter requirements for global remote sensing coverage.

Key Concept

NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) Mission Architecture and Division of Responsibilities
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 198Question →

Match the following prominent Indian sports personalities with their respective sports disciplines.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Rohan Bopanna
Satwiksairaj Rankireddy
R Praggnanandhaa
Harmeet Desai

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Rohan Bopanna matches with Tennis; Satwiksairaj Rankireddy matches with Badminton; R Praggnanandhaa matches with Chess; Harmeet Desai matches with Table Tennis.
Each athlete is correctly paired with their official sport: Rohan Bopanna plays Tennis, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy plays Badminton, R Praggnanandhaa plays Chess, and Harmeet Desai plays Table Tennis.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary sport played by Rohan Bopanna.
Rohan Bopanna is associated with Tennis.
He is a Grand Slam champion in doubles tennis.
2
Identify the primary sport played by Satwiksairaj Rankireddy.
Satwiksairaj Rankireddy is associated with Badminton.
He is part of India's top men's doubles badminton pair.
3
Identify the primary sport played by R Praggnanandhaa.
R Praggnanandhaa is associated with Chess.
He is a young international Chess Grandmaster.
4
Identify the primary sport played by Harmeet Desai.
Harmeet Desai is associated with Table Tennis.
He is a multi-time medalist for India in Table Tennis.

Key Concept

Identification of prominent Indian athletes and their associated sports disciplines.
Question 199Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the fiscal policy documents mandated under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003, presented along with the Union Budget:

1. The Medium-Term Fiscal Policy Statement sets three-year rolling targets for key fiscal indicators, including Fiscal Deficit and Revenue Deficit.
2. The Macroeconomic Framework Statement provides an overview of the economy, including growth prospects and external sector stability.
3. Grants-in-aid given by the Union Government to States for the creation of capital assets are formally classified as Capital Expenditure in the Union Budget accounting layout.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, while Statement 3 is incorrect.
The FRBM Act, 2003, mandates the submission of the Medium-Term Fiscal Policy Statement, Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement, and Macroeconomic Framework Statement alongside the Union Budget. Therefore, statements regarding the three-year rolling targets and macroeconomic overview are accurate. Grants-in-aid released to State Governments are classified as Revenue Expenditure of the Central Government because they do not directly create assets owned by the Centre.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the Medium-Term Fiscal Policy Statement.
Statement 1 is correct. The FRBM Act mandates presenting a Medium-Term Fiscal Policy Statement detailing three-year rolling targets for revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, tax revenue, and total outstanding debt.
It fulfills statutory reporting under the FRBM framework to ensure medium-term fiscal discipline.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the Macroeconomic Framework Statement.
Statement 2 is correct. The Macroeconomic Framework Statement evaluates GDP growth rates, fiscal balance, external balance, and monetary trends.
It sets the macroeconomic context for the fiscal projections presented in the Union Budget.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the budgetary accounting classification of Grants-in-aid.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Grants-in-aid given by the Union to States—even when intended for capital asset creation—are accounted as Revenue Expenditure because they do not lead to direct asset ownership by the Central Government.
Although these funds contribute to capital formation (tracked conceptually as Effective Revenue Deficit), accounting conventions strictly classify all grants to third parties under Revenue Expenditure.

Key Concept

FRBM Act Mandated Documents and Capital vs Revenue Expenditure Classification in Union Budget
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 200Question →

Who among the following was awarded the 2024 International Booker Prize for the novel Kairos?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Jenny Erpenbeck

Answer

Jenny Erpenbeck
The 2024 International Booker Prize was awarded to author Jenny Erpenbeck and translator Michael Hofmann for the novel Kairos. The novel tells the story of a complex love affair set against the turbulent collapse of East Germany.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key focus of the question.
The target is the recipient of the 2024 International Booker Prize for the novel Kairos.
Isolating the award title, year, and book name ensures correct candidate matching.
2
Recall the winner of the 2024 award.
German author Jenny Erpenbeck (translated by Michael Hofmann) won for Kairos.
Kairos became the first book translated from German to win the International Booker Prize.

Key Concept

International Booker Prize 2024 Recipient
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