Tüm alıştırma soruları

A plant physiologist conducted an experiment to investigate stomatal conductance in *Phaseolus vulgaris* (bean plant) leaves under various treatments of a synthetic phytohormone analog, Compound Y. Match each experimental group to its specific baseline or functional role within the experimental design.

Read the sentence below.

The archival manuscript was entirely devoid from historical details that could verify the author's identity, leaving researchers to rely solely on stylistic analysis.

Which of the following choices produces a grammatically and idiomatically correct sentence?

Arrange the following four mathematical expressions in order from least to greatest value.

A track athlete recorded the following times, in seconds, for five 100-meter sprint trials:

What is the median time, in seconds, for these five trials?

Read the sentence below from an article on materials science.

"The synthetic polymer developed by the research team proved exceptionally susceptible for chemical erosion when exposed to high ambient temperatures."

Which of the following choices replaces the underlined phrase with the idiomatically correct preposition?

An agricultural research facility divides a field with a total area of $A$ acres into $n$ individual test plots of equal size after reserving an area of 12 acres for administrative buildings. Which of the following equations correctly expresses the area, $p$, in acres, of each individual test plot in terms of $A$ and $n$?

A circular swimming pool cover has a total area of $64\pi$ square feet. A specific section of the cover, formed by a circular sector with a central angle of $135^\circ$, is made of a reinforced heavy-duty material. What is the perimeter, in feet, of this reinforced sector?

Art conservators working on delicate medieval manuscripts must remove centuries of accumulated grime without damaging the fragile parchment beneath. To accomplish this, specialists apply a specialized synthetic gel that gently binds to surface contaminants. Unlike liquid solutions that might saturate the fibers, this gel is formulated to [evaporate] the dirt particles so they can be safely wiped away.

Which choice best maintains the precise, academic tone of the passage and accurately describes the function of the gel?

Researchers conducted an experiment to measure the rate of crude engine oil degradation by the soil bacterium *Pseudomonas putida* in the presence of varying concentrations of a chemical surfactant (Surfactant X). Five culture flasks were prepared with identical volumes ($100\text{ mL}$) of sterile mineral salts growth medium and equal amounts ($2.0\text{ g}$) of crude oil:

- Flask 1: Growth medium + engine oil (no bacteria, no Surfactant X)
- Flask 2: Growth medium + engine oil + $1.0\text{ mL}$ bacterial culture (no Surfactant X)
- Flask 3: Growth medium + engine oil + $1.0\text{ mL}$ bacterial culture + $0.5\text{ g}$ Surfactant X
- Flask 4: Growth medium + engine oil + $1.0\text{ mL}$ bacterial culture + $1.0\text{ g}$ Surfactant X
- Flask 5: Growth medium + engine oil + $1.0\text{ mL}$ bacterial culture + $2.0\text{ g}$ Surfactant X

All flasks were incubated at $30^\circ\text{C}$ for 14 days, after which the total percentage of degraded oil was measured.

Which flask was included to establish the baseline rate of non-biological (abiotic) oil breakdown in the absence of bacterial activity?

A civil engineer is designing a triangular bridge support structure with vertices $P$, $Q$, and $R$. The support beam $PQ$ is $80$ feet long, the beam $QR$ is $50$ feet long, and the interior angle $\angle PQR$ measures $60^\circ$. What is the length, in feet, of the support beam $PR$?

Hydrogeologists evaluated the hydraulic conductivity ($K$, in $\text{m/day}$) of four sediment types under three compaction levels ($1.4\text{ g/cm}^3$, $1.6\text{ g/cm}^3$, and $1.8\text{ g/cm}^3$). The results are presented in the following table:

Statement: If this data were translated into a line graph with compaction density on the horizontal axis and hydraulic conductivity ($K$) on the vertical axis, the lines for all four sediment types would show a positive slope from left to right.

Read the sentence below:

During an investigation into spatial memory consolidation, cognitive neuroscientists observed that chronic sleep restriction was particularly detrimental for a subject's ability to navigate novel virtual environments.

Which of the following choices produces a grammatically correct and idiomatically appropriate sentence?

Read the following passage adapted from an essay on the history of sound recording technology:

In 1857, French printer and bookseller Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville patented the phonautograph, the earliest known device for recording sound. Unlike Thomas Edison, who twenty years later would invent a machine capable of both recording and playing back sound, Scott de Martinville intended his device solely to visually transcribe sound waves onto paper or glass for visual analysis. The phonautograph utilized a barrel-shaped horn to funnel sound waves toward a flexible membrane made of parchment. Attached to the membrane was a delicate stylus crafted from a pig's bristle. When sound vibrations caused the parchment membrane to oscillate, the bristle traced undulating lines onto a rotating cylinder coated with a thin layer of lampblack—a fine black soot produced by burning oil lamps.

Scott de Martinville envisioned that his recordings, termed "phonautograms," would allow scientists and musicians to read vocal performances and instrumental tones directly from paper, much like reading written text. On April 9, 1860, Scott recorded a ten-second fragment of the French folk song "Au clair de la lune," which remains the oldest known intelligible sound recording of the human voice. Because Scott never intended for the sound to be converted back into audible sound waves, his phonautograms remained silent visual artifacts for nearly a century and a half. It was not until 2008 that audio historians at First Sounds, a collaborative research project, used high-resolution digital scanning and optical imaging techniques to reconstruct the spatial tracings of the 1860 lampblack paper cylinder into an audible sound file, revealing Scott's own voice singing the ballad.

According to the passage, what specific material did Scott de Martinville use to craft the stylus attached to the parchment membrane?

A surveyor standing at point $A$ on level ground measures the angle of elevation to the top, point $C$, of a vertical observation tower. The base of the tower is at point $B$, forming right triangle $ABC$ with the right angle at vertex $B$. The horizontal distance along the ground from point $A$ to base $B$ is $40$ meters. If $\sin(\angle A) = \frac{9}{41}$, what is the height, in meters, of the tower?

A microchip manufacturer produces $2.4 \times 10^8$ components per day across 4 identical production lines. Each line operates for 20 hours per day. On average, how many components are produced per hour on a single production line?

On a vertical number line representing elevation relative to sea level ($0$ meters), Submersible $X$ is located at a coordinate of $-45$ meters. Submersible $Y$ is located at a depth such that the distance between Submersible $X$ and Submersible $Y$ is $30$ meters. If Submersible $Y$ is closer to sea level than Submersible $X$, what is the value of $|2Y - X|$?

Consider the following passage:

Urban heat islands significantly elevate surface temperatures in metropolitan regions during summer months. To counteract this thermal buildup, municipal architects in Chicago retrofitted city hall with an expansive rooftop garden, [these green layers effectively absorbed solar energy, they also retained] rainwater. Recent environmental monitoring confirms that energy consumption in the building decreased by fifteen percent over five years.

Which choice produces a grammatically correct sentence that properly joins the clauses?

A cafe offers a lunch special where a customer selects $1$ sandwich from $4$ available options, $1$ side dish from $3$ available options, and $1$ drink from $5$ available options. How many different total lunch combinations consisting of one sandwich, one side dish, and one drink can a customer choose?

Read the following passage adapted from an essay on maritime history and scientific innovation:

In 1714, the British Parliament passed the Longitude Act, establishing the Board of Longitude and offering a public prize of up to £20,000 to anyone who could solve the longstanding challenge of determining a ship's precise longitude at sea. Navigators could easily calculate latitude by observing the angle of the sun or the North Star, but calculating longitude required knowing the exact time at a reference point, such as Greenwich, simultaneously with local solar time. Standard pendulum clocks of the era were useless on the rolling ocean, as the ship's motion disrupted their mechanisms, and temperature fluctuations continually altered their timekeeping rate.

John Harrison, a self-taught Yorkshire carpenter and clockmaker, dedicated his life to solving this problem by designing mechanical clocks capable of functioning accurately on ocean vessels. After spending years building three large, spring-driven marine clocks—designated H1, H2, and H3—Harrison realized that a radical shift in approach was required. Rather than constructing another large clock, he designed a revolutionary, pocket-watch-sized marine timekeeper finished in 1759, which became known as H4. Encased in silver and measuring roughly five inches in diameter, H4 incorporated diamond and ruby bearings to reduce friction, along with a newly designed balance spring that compensated for thermal changes without requiring liquid lubricants.

To prove its efficacy to the Board of Longitude, H4 had to undergo an extensive ocean trial across the Atlantic Ocean. On November 18, 1761, William Harrison, John Harrison's son, embarked from Portsmouth, England, aboard the HMS Deptford bound for Kingston, Jamaica, carrying H4 in a cushioned wooden chest to safeguard it against humidity and vibration. John Harrison remained in London to continue refined adjustments on a backup mechanism. During the voyage, William carefully wound H4 daily and recorded its readings alongside astronomical calculations made by the ship's captain, Dudley Digges.

Upon arriving in Kingston on January 19, 1762, after eighty-one days at sea, H4 was evaluated by local astronomical observers. The watch had lost just 5.1 seconds during the transatlantic crossing when corrected for its known rate of error. This performance corresponded to an error in longitude of barely 1.25 nautical miles, easily surpassing the accuracy threshold of 30 nautical miles demanded by Parliament for the maximum prize. Despite this success, the Board of Longitude delayed awarding the full monetary prize, demanding additional verification trials that were later carried out in Barbados in 1764.

Based on the passage, evaluate the truth of the following statement:
John Harrison personally sailed aboard the HMS Deptford to Kingston, Jamaica, in 1761 to monitor the performance of the H4 timekeeper.

Consider the underlined portion in the sentence below:

While examining ice core samples from the Antarctic sheet, paleoclimatologists measured dense, ancient ice layers, analyzed trapped dust particles, and recorded atmospheric temperature fluctuations over the last century.

Which choice best maintains standard written English conventions for the underlined portion?