Tüm alıştırma soruları

Read the following excerpt adapted from a sociological essay on South American customs:

"In the Southern Cone of South America, the preparation and consumption of mate is far more than a simple daily habit of drinking an herbal infusion. To share mate is to participate in a democratic ritual where the beverage is passed from hand to hand in a circle, using a single container and straw. This practice acts as a social equalizer, breaking down barriers of class and age, and fostering a sense of community and mutual trust among participants."

According to the passage, the ritual of sharing mate primarily reflects which of the following cultural values?

A Spanish-language user manual for an automated external defibrillator (AED) includes the following safety instruction:

"Antes de administrar la descarga, asegúrese de que los parches de desfibrilación estén completamente adheridos al tórax desnudo del paciente y que nadie esté en contacto con el cuerpo para evitar una transferencia espuria de corriente."

Based on the context of these instructions, what is the meaning and safety implication of the phrase "transferencia espuria de corriente"?

The following text is an excerpt from a user guide published by the Spanish Ministry of Treasury and Public Administrations:

User Guide: Registering for the Cl@ve PIN System

The Cl@ve PIN is a digital identification system designed to simplify access to electronic public services for citizens. To complete your registration, follow these steps:

1. Download the Cl@ve PIN mobile application or visit the official electronic office.
2. Enter your National Identity Document (DNI) or Foreigner Identification Number (NIE), along with its expiration date.
3. Select your verification method: register via an online video call (available Monday through Friday from 9:00 to 14:00) or request an activation letter. The letter will be sent by post to the fiscal address registered with the tax agency.
4. Use the activation code received via video call or mail to complete the activation process.

*Note: This digital credential is personal and non-transferable, and is valid only for individuals. Businesses and other legal entities must use a standard representative digital certificate.*

According to the guide, who is the primary target audience for the Cl@ve PIN system?

An advertisement for Sanctuary Pines, a wellness retreat, states the following:

"Unplug to Reconnect! Tired of constant notifications dictating your day? At Sanctuary Pines, we do not just offer cabins; we offer a return to baseline. Guests surrender their mobile devices at check-in, entering a zone where the only network is the forest canopy and the only status updates are shared around an evening campfire. Join us for a weekend where doing nothing is the ultimate achievement."

Based on this promotional text, what is the primary implicit intent of the creators of this advertisement?

Read the following visitor guidelines for a community center:

"Welcome to the City Community Center. To maintain a safe and welcoming space, all visitors must adhere to these policies. Upon entering, visitors are required to sign in at the reception desk. For security reasons, you must wear your visitor badge at all times. We suggest that you arrive ten minutes before scheduled activities to secure parking. It is also advised that you bring your own water bottle, as the water fountains are currently undergoing maintenance."

Based on the guidelines, which of the following actions is a recommendation rather than a mandatory requirement?

The following passage is an English translation of a promotional brochure for an urban agriculture project in Montevideo, Uruguay:

'Our community garden initiative pretends to transform vacant city lots into vibrant green spaces. By growing our own organic produce, we hope to foster local cooperation and improve nutrition. We invite all neighbors to participate in this sustainable effort.'

Based on the context of the brochure, which of the following best expresses the intended meaning of the word 'pretends' (translated from the Spanish verb *pretender*)?

Read the following English translation of a stanza from a poem by Antonio Machado:

'Spring kissed the grove softly,
and the new green budded
like a green cloud of smoke.'

Which of the following best describes the function of the figurative language in the first line ('Spring kissed the grove softly')?

Read the following excerpt from a story about Santiago, an elderly bookbinder in Barcelona:

For over forty years, Santiago worked in his small workshop in the Gothic Quarter of Barcelona, binding old leather volumes. Modern printing presses had long made his manual labor obsolete, but he refused to purchase any mechanical devices. To Santiago, each spine sewn by hand and each gold leaf applied to the margins represented a preservation of the author's original soul. Clients had dwindled to a handful of eccentric collectors, and his income barely covered the rent. Yet, every morning he swept the floor, lit his lamp, and sat at his wooden workbench. The smell of aged paper and animal glue was his sanctuary. When his nephew urged him to sell the shop and retire to the countryside, Santiago smiled, held up a sixteenth-century edition of poems, and said, 'A machine can duplicate the words, but only a human hand can give them a home to live in.'

Which of the following best describes the central theme of the passage?

### Oaxacan Culinary Arts & Traditional Textile Residency
Location: Oaxaca de Juárez, Mexico
Dates: October 10–20, 2026

Program Overview:
Join us for an intensive 10-day residency exploring the culinary history and textile traditions of Oaxaca. Participants will engage in daily hands-on workshops led by master chefs and traditional weavers.

Fees and Registration:
* Base Tuition: $\$1,200$ (Includes shared double-room lodging, all meals, and local ground transportation).
* Early Registration Discount: Save $15\%$ on the base tuition if you submit your registration and deposit by August 15, 2026.
* Academic Scholarship: An additional $\$200$ discount is available for active university students majoring in Mesoamerican Studies or Spanish (valid proof of enrollment required).
* Workshop Materials Fee: A mandatory fee of $\$150$ applies to all participants in the textile track to cover loom use and natural dyes. This fee is non-refundable and exempt from all discounts.
* Single Room Upgrade: Participants requesting a private single room must pay an additional fee of $\$300$. This upgrade fee is not subject to any discounts.

Cancellation Policy:
* Cancellations received before September 1, 2026, will receive a refund of the base tuition paid, minus a $\$100$ administrative fee.
* The workshop materials fee and single room upgrade fee are completely non-refundable after booking.

***

A university student majoring in Mesoamerican Studies registers for the textile track of the residency on August 10, 2026, and requests a private single room. Based on the flyer, what is the total amount this student must pay upon registration?

Read the following passage:

The rain in Olveira did not fall; it seemed to suspend itself in the salt-laden air, a gray curtain that blurred the boundary between the granite cliffs and the churning Atlantic. For three weeks, the fishermen had remained ashore, their hands deep in their pockets, staring at the horizon from the threshold of the tavern. Inside, the peat fire smoldered damply, filling the room with a thick, stinging smoke that stung the eyes and silenced conversation. Every creak of the wooden beams under the force of the gale was met with a collective, weary nod, as if the house itself were participating in their quiet resignation.

Lucas sat near the window, tracing the path of condensation on the glass. He remembered the vibrant summers of his youth, when the same sea gleamed like polished silver and the air carried the scent of gorse and eucalyptus. Now, the landscape felt drained of color, reduced to monochrome shades of slate and charcoal. The sea-wall, encrusted with barnacles and dead seaweed, looked like the spine of some ancient, defeated beast half-buried in the sand. When his grandfather spoke, his voice was barely a whisper, carrying the dry rattle of autumn leaves rather than the authority of a retired sea captain. The old man’s eyes remained fixed on the oil lamp, whose flickering wick cast long, trembling shadows across the whitewashed walls, mimicking the restless movement of the waves outside.

Which of the following best describes the development of the atmosphere in the passage and its relationship to the narrator's perspective?

The following passage is an English translation of a promotional flyer distributed in Seville, Spain:

Move Seville: Connect Your Route!
Tired of spending your mornings trapped in traffic on the Avenida de la Constitución or searching for parking near the campus? It's time to change your routine! With our new network of electric bicycles, you can navigate the city center quickly, economically, and sustainably.

* Strategic Stations: Located at major metro entrances, commuter train stations, and university hubs.
* Flexible Access: Scan the code, unlock a bike in seconds, and drop it off at any station near your destination.
* Exclusive Benefits: Get 50% off your monthly passes (*abonos*) by linking your student portal account or submitting proof of local employment.

Join the green movement and reclaim your time. Download the app today!

Based on the details and context provided in the flyer, which group is the primary target audience for this municipal initiative?

Read the following English translation of a literary passage set in Galicia, Spain:

In the wind-swept coastal village of San Cibrao, Isabel spent her afternoons searching the rocky shore for fragments of sea glass. While the local fishermen saw only discarded bottles broken by the waves, Isabel recognized the sea's patient artistry in the frosted, rounded edges of each blue and amber shard. Back in her family’s workshop, she embedded these fragments into the mortar of the granite walls her father constructed. Her father, a traditional stonemason who prided himself on building structures designed to withstand centuries of Atlantic gales, initially dismissed her work as trivial. To him, granite was the only material worthy of respect—solid, unchanging, and permanent. Yet, as the autumn sun dipped below the horizon, light filtered through Isabel’s glass mosaic, casting shifting patterns of emerald and sapphire across the dark, heavy stone of the floor. Standing in the illuminated room, the stonemason realized that while his granite anchored them to the land, Isabel’s fragile glass captured the fleeting, luminous spirit of the ocean that sustained their lives. It was not a rejection of his stone, but its necessary counterpart.

Which of the following best describes the central theme of the passage?

Read the following promotional text from a community public health campaign in a Spanish-speaking city:

'Did you know that walking just thirty minutes a day can reduce the risk of heart disease by up to forty percent? Yet, in our bustling neighborhood of San Pedro, more than sixty percent of residents report leading sedentary lifestyles. We are not just a statistic; we are a community of families, neighbors, and friends. By joining the "San Pedro on the Move" initiative this Saturday at the central plaza, you are not just exercising—you are investing in the longevity of our community. Let us take the first step together, because a healthy San Pedro starts with you.'

How does the author primarily use rhetorical appeals to convince the reader to participate in the 'San Pedro on the Move' initiative?

A promotional flyer distributed in Valparaíso, Chile, for an upcoming contest features the following text:

Youth Eco-Photo Contest in Valparaíso!
Are you a teenager aged 12 to 18 who loves taking pictures? Show us your perspective of Valparaíso's nature! Whether it is a bird in the hills or plants near the shore, grab your smartphone or camera and start shooting. No prior experience or professional gear is needed—just your unique view of our environment. Submit your photo today for a chance to win local art classes and gear!

Based on the promotional flyer, which of the following groups is the primary target audience for this contest?

A formal letter sent to a university admissions department contains the following opening sentence: 'Por medio de la presente, me dirijo a usted para solicitar información sobre el programa de becas.' Which of the following best describes the function of the phrase 'Por medio de la presente' in this context?

Read the following letter:

Date: September 15, 2026
From: Dr. Ricardo Méndez, Director of the Historical Archives
To: Ms. Isabela Gómez, President of the Community Historical Society of San Pedro

Dear Ms. Gómez,

I am writing to officially invite the Community Historical Society of San Pedro to participate in our upcoming Regional History Digitalization Project, scheduled to run from October 12 to November 20, 2026. Under this partnership, the University of San Andrés will provide all necessary scanning equipment and three trained student assistants to digitize your local registry files from 1850 to 1890. In return, we request that your society provide a dedicated workspace with internet access at your headquarters for the duration of the project. Furthermore, while the university is covering the software licensing and student stipends, we ask the society to cover a flat utility fee of $150 to offset the extra electricity used by our high-powered scanners. Please submit your formal acceptance and proof of internet installation by September 30, 2026, to secure this partnership.

Sincerely,
Dr. Ricardo Méndez

Based on the letter, which of the following is the Community Historical Society of San Pedro required to provide to participate in the project?

Read the email below:

Dear Applicant,

Thank you for your interest in the upcoming Youth Leadership Summit. To finalize your application, you must submit a letter of recommendation from a teacher by October 15. While a personal statement is highly encouraged to help us learn more about your goals, it is entirely optional.

Sincerely,
Summit Coordination Committee

Based on the email, what is a mandatory requirement for completing the application?

Read the following excerpt from an article about cultural preservation in Peru:

"In the high-altitude communities of the Peruvian Andes, a group of young linguists and software developers has launched 'Simi', a mobile application designed to document and revitalize the Quechua language. While official education policies have historically prioritized Spanish, leading to a decline in indigenous language proficiency among younger generations, Simi allows users to record oral histories from community elders and translate them into interactive digital stories. The project's organizers emphasize that this is not merely an effort to archive vocabulary, but a way to restore the social prestige of Quechua. By centering the app around oral narratives rather than grammar drills, the developers hope to reconnect youth with the ecological and agricultural knowledge embedded in their ancestral tongue. Local community centers have reported an increase in intergenerational dialogue, as teenagers interview their grandparents to contribute content to the platform. However, the lack of widespread internet connectivity in remote rural districts remains a significant hurdle for the app's wider adoption."

Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the primary reason the 'Simi' application focuses on oral histories rather than traditional grammatical exercises?

Read the following English translation of an excerpt from the short story 'The South' by the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges:

Juan Dahlmann was the secretary of a municipal library on Calle Córdoba, and he felt himself profoundly Argentine. His maternal grandfather had been Francisco Flores, of the Second Line Infantry Division, who had died on the frontier of Buenos Aires, run through by a spear of Indians from Catriel; in the discord of his two lineages, Juan Dahlmann (perhaps due to his Germanic blood) chose the lineage of his romantic ancestor, or of his romantic death. An old sword, a stone-colored photograph of a bearded man, the memory of certain guitar chords, the familiar repetition of verses from the epic poem Martín Fierro, the passing years, and a certain predisposition for nostalgia, all served to foster this voluntary conflict, which was resolved in favor of the Argentine plains.

He had managed to save the empty shell of a ranch in the South that had belonged to the Flores family. One of his constant illusions was the hope of staying there, under the shade of its ancient eucalyptus trees.

In February 1949, something happened to him. Blind to all else, he acquired a copy of Weil's edition of the Arabian Nights. Eager to examine this treasure, he did not wait for the elevator but ran up the stairs. In the darkness, something brushed his forehead: a bat? A bird? On the face of the woman who opened the door, he saw horror reflected, and the hand he ran over his brow came away red with blood. The edge of a recently painted window, which someone had left open, had sliced him open.

Based on this excerpt, which of the following best describes how the author's choice of a third-person limited point of view shapes the reader's understanding of Juan Dahlmann's character?

Guidelines for the Restoration of Historic Timber Structures:

To ensure structural integrity and historical accuracy when restoring timber joints, the conservator must adhere to the following protocol. First, carefully clean the joint area using a dry brass-wire brush to remove loose debris, taking care not to scratch the sound wood. Once the surface is clear, apply a bio-based timber preservative to the exposed grain and wait at least twenty-four hours for it to cure fully. Only after the preservative has cured should the epoxy consolidant be mixed and applied to fill structural voids. Prior to injecting the consolidant, however, the operator must secure a temporary clamp around the joint to prevent leakage. Finally, after the consolidant has hardened, remove the clamp and sand the surface flush with the original timber profile.

According to the guidelines, which action must the conservator perform immediately after the timber preservative has cured but before injecting the epoxy consolidant?