Tüm alıştırma soruları

Read the following email:

Subject: Proposal for Sustainable Sourcing Partnership
Date: July 5, 2026
From: Diego Morales, Director of the Cooperativa Agrícola Verde Nuevo <[email protected]>
To: Chef Isabella Rios, Owner of Restaurante Raíces <[email protected]>

Dear Chef Rios,

I would like to extend my warmest congratulations on Restaurante Raíces being named one of the region’s top sustainable dining establishments. Your dedication to utilizing native ingredients is truly inspiring.

Our cooperative, which represents thirty small-scale organic farmers in the valley, shares your commitment to environmental stewardship. While we recognize that establishing new supply chains can present initial logistical challenges and adjustments in ordering schedules, we are confident that our consolidated delivery system can meet your kitchen's demands. We would be honored to host you at our cooperative offices next Thursday to discuss how we might tailor our crop rotation to align with your upcoming seasonal menu.

Sincerely,
Diego Morales

Based on the email, which of the following best describes the writer's primary intent?

Read the following promotional text for a traditional seed-saving cooperative in the Sacred Valley of Peru:

"For centuries, our ancestors cultivated the diverse corn varieties of the Sacred Valley, nourishing both our bodies and our cultural identity. Today, commercial farming threatens to replace this precious heritage with standardized, imported crops. Will we allow the colors of our history to fade? Join the Seed Guardians Cooperative. By participating in our heritage exchange, you do not just protect ancient agricultural techniques; you honor the wisdom of your grandparents and safeguard our children's food security. Let us plant the seeds of self-reliance together."

Which of the following best describes the primary rhetorical technique used in this text to persuade community members to join the cooperative?

Read the promotional flyer below:

### Cusco Andean Ethnobotany and Traditional Medicine Workshop 2026
Location: Cusco and Sacred Valley, Peru
Dates: October 12–19, 2026
Organized by: Association of Andean Herbalists (*Asociación de Herbolarios Andinos*)

Discover the ancient healing traditions of the Andes in this intensive eight-day workshop. Participants will learn to identify native medicinal plants such as *muña*, *cat's claw*, and *sauco*, and understand their traditional preparation methods.

Registration and Fees:
The standard registration fee is $850. However, members of botanical or anthropological societies are eligible for a 15% discount if they register before August 15, 2026. This fee covers all workshops, field excursions, local transportation within Cusco, and daily lunches. Accommodation and dinners are not included in the registration fee, but participants can book discounted rooms at our partner eco-lodge in Pisac.

Prerequisites and Requirements:
To ensure a safe and productive experience, participants must submit a medical certificate confirming their ability to hike at high altitudes (above 3,400 meters) at least 30 days prior to the start of the workshop. Additionally, all participants must bring their own waterproof hiking boots and a personal refillable water bottle. Rain gear and writing materials will be provided by the organizers.

Based on the flyer, which of the following is fully covered by the workshop's standard registration fee?

Read the following letter:

Dear Valeria,

I hope you are enjoying your semester in Buenos Aires. I was so glad to hear that you have joined a study group with your classmates.

However, I must admit I smiled when you told me about your study session last Tuesday. You mentioned that after your classmate Lucas passed you the *mate*, you politely said 'gracias' every time, but then noticed he stopped offering it to you for the rest of the afternoon, leaving you wondering if you had offended him.

Don't worry, you didn't offend Lucas! In our region, sharing *mate* is a warm social ritual governed by unwritten rules. When you are in a circle (*ronda*), the host or the one who prepares the drink���the *cebador*—serves each person in turn. Saying 'gracias' when you return the *mate* to Lucas actually has a very specific meaning. He was simply following the custom of the *ronda*.

Next time, just drink, enjoy, and hand the gourd back in silence until you are truly finished!

Con cariño,
Tía Marta

Based on the letter, what is the cultural significance of saying 'gracias' in the context of the *mate* ritual described by Marta?

Read the following letter:

Dear Diego,

I am so glad you will be joining us this Sunday. We have invited the whole family, and my father has already gone to the butcher to select the best cuts of beef and ribs. He has been cleaning the grill since yesterday morning. Just a quick word of advice before you arrive: please do not try to help him by adjusting the coals, moving the meat, or offering grilling tips, no matter how helpful you want to be. In our family, the person at the grill holds an almost sacred role, and we all know to keep our distance until the food is served and we can give him his well-deserved round of applause.

See you on Sunday,

Martin

Based on the letter, what cultural custom regarding the family gathering is Martin advising Diego to observe?

Read the promotional flyer for a local clean energy initiative:

Community Solar Initiative: Empowering Our Neighborhoods

Switch to clean energy today and reduce your monthly electricity bills by up to 30%. The Community Solar Initiative is hosting a series of free informational workshops this month to help residents understand how cooperative solar gardens work. You do not need to install solar panels on your own roof to participate; instead, you can subscribe to a local solar farm. Attendees who register and participate in one of our sessions will receive a free home energy-efficiency kit.

Workshops will be held every Saturday at the Community Center from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM. Registration is free but required due to limited seating.

To secure your spot, please visit our website at www.communitysolarcoop.org/register or call 555-0199.

Based on the flyer, what is the primary call to action for interested residents?

Read the following email:

Dear Carlos,

I hope this email finds you well in Mexico City. I am writing to you because the municipal council met yesterday to coordinate the upcoming community work day, or tequio, scheduled for next Saturday. As you know, we need to clear the main access road and reinforce the retaining walls before the heavy summer rains begin.

Since your uncle represents your family's household in our village, we expected him to lead our sector. However, he recently injured his ankle and will not be able to participate. According to our community bylaws and long-standing customs, every household must contribute physical labor to these public works. If a household cannot provide a worker, they are expected to either hire a substitute from the area or pay a contribution to the community fund to cover the cost of materials.

Your cousin Manuel offered to take your uncle's place, but he is already committed to helping the school committee that day. Therefore, we wanted to ask if you would be able to return to the village for the weekend to represent your family, or if we should arrange for a paid substitute on your behalf.

Please let us know your decision by Wednesday so we can update the municipal registry.

Warm regards,
Don Tomás

Based on the email, what does the requirement to participate in the community work day, hire a substitute, or contribute financially reveal about the cultural expectations of the village?

Read the following excerpt from a cultural journalism article about Colombian heritage:

"In Medellín, Colombia, the annual *Desfile de Silleteros* (Silleteros Parade) is not merely a showcase of floral artistry, but a historical tribute to the region's colonial past. Originally, *silleteros* were peasant farmers who carried passengers and goods on wooden chairs (*sillas*) on their backs across the steep Andean mountains, as roads were nonexistent. Over time, as transportation modernized, these carriers transitioned to transporting flowers from their mountain gardens to the city markets. Today, carrying the heavy, elaborate flower displays (*silletas*) is a symbol of ancestral pride and resilience rather than economic servitude. During the parade, the weight of the *silleta*—sometimes exceeding 70 kilograms—is borne by descendants of these historic families, representing a living link to the struggles and endurance of their ancestors."

Based on the passage, what does the weight of the *silleta* carried during the modern parade symbolize?

Read the following excerpt from a journalistic article about cultural traditions in Peru:

"Each year, communities in the Peruvian Andes gather to rebuild the Qeswachaka bridge, a hand-woven rope suspension bridge spanning the Apurímac River. Made entirely of ichu grass, this structure is a rare surviving monument of Incan engineering. While modern metal bridges offer easier crossings, the local population continues this demanding three-day labor of weaving and assembly. Some observers dismiss the annual rebuilding as a mere tourist spectacle, pointing to the government's cultural preservation funding. However, for the participants, the bridge is not an exhibit of the past, but an active, living thread of social cohesion. The collective effort reinforces ancient communal values of reciprocity and mutual aid, known as ayni. The physical bridge may be temporary, but the communal bonds it strengthens are designed to endure."

Which of the following best describes the author's primary purpose in the passage?

Read the following excerpt from the English translation of the short story "The Red Stockings" ("Las medias rojas") by the Spanish writer Emilia Pardo Bazán:

"When Ildara returned, after gathering firewood from the landowner’s woods, she found her father, Uncle Clodio, busy peeling potatoes and throwing them into the clay pot. Ildara dropped her bundle, squatted down, and began to arrange the wood to light the fire. As she bent over, a corner of her skirt rose, and Uncle Clodio’s small, dull eyes caught a glimpse of something unusual: a bright red woolen stocking wrapping her ankle. His face darkened.

'Where did you get those?' he demanded.

'I bought them with the money from the eggs,' Ildara stammered, her heart racing.

Uncle Clodio stood up, his hand raised. He knew that the red stockings meant she had been preparing herself, styling herself, to join the thousands who left Galicia on the immigrant ships bound for America, leaving the old and the soil behind."

Based on this excerpt, how does the father's reaction to Ildara's purchase reflect the cultural and historical reality of late nineteenth-century rural Spain?

Read the following English translation of a literary passage set in a rural Latin American village:

In the dusty, sun-bleached town of Loma Seca, where rain was nothing more than a distant memory, Clara spent her afternoons watering a single rosebush in her courtyard. The townspeople often shook their heads as they walked past her gate, whispering about the waste of precious water. To them, Clara’s persistence was a foolish battle against the inevitable dryness of the desert. Yet, Clara remembered the vibrant gardens of her youth and refused to let the dust claim her small sanctuary. Every evening, when the cool breeze finally swept through the streets, the solitary red bloom stood as a testament to her quiet defiance. It was not merely a flower she was keeping alive, but the very memory of color in a world that had turned entirely gray.

Which of the following best describes the central theme of this passage?

Read the following excerpt from an article about urban planning in Latin America:

"In many Latin American metropolises, rapid urbanization has historically sidelined the development of public green spaces, prioritizing concrete infrastructure instead. However, recent urban initiatives in cities like Medellín and Curitiba suggest a paradigm shift. By integrating 'green corridors' and community gardens, these cities have not only reduced urban heat island effects but also fostered social cohesion. To ignore the psychological and environmental benefits of these green spaces is to sentence future generations to an unsustainable and alienated urban existence."

Based on the excerpt, what is the primary rhetorical function of the final sentence ('To ignore... urban existence')?

Read the following passage adapted from a Spanish journalistic essay discussing social dynamics in modern Spain:

"The contemporary decline of the post-meal table talk—the custom of remaining seated to converse long after the food is gone—marks a profound shift in Spain's social fabric. In the decade following the Spanish Civil War, this practice served as a vital survival mechanism, converting meager rations into shared emotional sustenance and reinforcing community bonds in the face of political repression. Later, during the democratic transition of the late twentieth century, these informal gatherings functioned as grassroots forums where citizens practiced the very pluralism and debate essential to a functioning democracy. To view the current encroachment of digital screens on this space as a mere loss of manners is to ignore history; it is, in fact, the quiet dismantling of a historical buffer that historically transformed private domestic solidarity into public civic resilience."

Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the cultural and contextual significance the author attributes to the Spanish custom of remaining at the table after a meal?

Read the following excerpt from an article about urban transit in Bogotá, Colombia:

"Bogotá's new electric bus fleet and the TransMiCable cable car system have transformed daily life in the city's hillside communities. Previously, residents spent up to two hours commuting to the city center via congested roads. Now, the electric cable cars carry thousands of passengers daily in just under twenty minutes, significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Local officials highlight that the project not only connects isolated neighborhoods to economic opportunities but also serves as a model for sustainable urban planning across Latin America."

Which of the following statements best identifies the main idea of this excerpt?

A public health department in Puerto Rico is designing a promotional radio spot to encourage participation in a new community wellness initiative. The target audience consists of senior citizens residing in traditional rural municipalities. The draft script uses the formal pronoun *usted* for address, but incorporates regional, youth-oriented colloquialisms to make the message sound 'energetic.' Which of the following best evaluates the register and cultural appropriateness of this promotional draft?

### Seville Flamenco and Classical Guitar Summer Intensive

Immerse yourself in the vibrant cultural heritage of Andalusia with our annual summer intensive program in Seville, Spain. This program is designed for intermediate to advanced musicians and dancers who want to perfect their technique under the guidance of renowned Spanish artists.

Program Details:
* Dates: August 5 to August 12, 2026.
* Location: Centro Cultural de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
* Base Tuition: $450. This covers all daily workshops, masterclasses, and entry to evening concert showcases.
* Early Registration Discount: Register and pay in full by June 1, 2026, to receive a 10% discount on base tuition.

Important Policies:
* Accommodation: Please note that lodging is not included in the program fee. However, participants can access discounted group rates at our partner hotel, Hotel Alameda, if they book through the registration link on our official website by July 10, 2026. After this date, standard rates will apply.
* Age Requirement: All registrants must be at least 16 years of age at the start of the program.
* Cancellation Policy: A full refund of the base tuition is available for cancellations made prior to July 1, 2026. No refunds will be issued after this date.

Based on the promotional flyer, which of the following is true regarding accommodation for the participants?

The following passage is an English translation of a promotional flyer for a regional financial consulting firm:

"Are you feeling overwhelmed by retirement planning? You do not have to *soportar* the heavy burden of managing your investments alone. Our certified advisors are dedicated to helping you navigate complex tax codes and market fluctuations. While we do not claim to predict the future, we offer personalized strategies to keep your long-term goals on track. Contact us today for a free initial consultation."

Based on the context of the flyer, what is the meaning of the Spanish verb *soportar*?

### Community Compost Program: Household Guide

Welcome to the Community Compost Initiative. To maintain a healthy composting environment, please follow these guidelines carefully:

*Note: Items in brackets represent strictly prohibited materials that will contaminate the organic pile.*

Based on the formatting and visual cues used in the guide, which of the following best describes the purpose of using brackets and the label '[UNACCEPTABLE]'?

Read the following advertisement for an environmental campaign in Costa Rica:

"Save the Green Heart of Costa Rica!
Our local forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. Every day, majestic trees that have stood for centuries are cut down. Do you want your children to inherit a barren wasteland, or a thriving paradise? Join our tree-planting campaign this Saturday at Central Park. Together, we can restore our home. Act now—our future depends on you!"

Which of the following rhetorical techniques is primarily used in this flyer to persuade readers to join the campaign?

An organic agricultural cooperative in Valparaíso, Chile, is designing a promotional campaign for a new community-supported agriculture (CSA) program. The campaign targets young, eco-conscious urban professionals in Santiago. The draft of the promotional flyer includes the following call to action:

'¡Inscríbase hoy en nuestra cooperativa y transforme su alimentación apoyando a los productores locales!'

Which of the following best evaluates the appropriateness of the linguistic register used in this draft?