Soru

The global popularity of Turkish television dramas (*diziler*) in the Middle East, North Africa, and South America in the early twenty-first century has challenged traditional models of cultural globalization. Rather than consuming American or European television programs, millions of viewers in these regions have tuned in daily to watch dramas produced in Turkey that depict modern lifestyles alongside traditional family dynamics and social values. These shows have sparked tourism to Turkey, increased demand for Turkish consumer products, and influenced local debates on gender roles and modernization. The widespread consumption of these dramas demonstrates that global cultural networks are increasingly multi-directional rather than centered exclusively on Western societies.

The cultural trends described in the passage best support which of the following claims about globalization in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries?