Tüm alıştırma soruları

Consider the following argument regarding urban economic policy:

"While some economists argue that capping rent prices in urban centers protects low-income residents from displacement, empirical data indicates that strict price controls invariably suppress private investment in residential construction. This suppression of capital over time restricts total housing supply, thereby driving up shadow prices in unregulated market sectors. Consequently, although rent control provides immediate relief to current tenants, its overall long-term effect is a net decline in housing accessibility for future residents. Therefore, municipal leaders seeking to broaden housing affordability should implement direct tenant income subsidies rather than statutory price caps."

Match each claim from the passage on the left to its exact structural role and relationship within the overall argument flow on the right.

Read the argument below and match each statement to its logical role within the argument.

Argument: A pharmaceutical company recently introduced a new drug designed to treat migraines. Although early clinical trials indicated high efficacy, several recent independent studies revealed significant side effects in long-term users. Therefore, health authorities ought to suspend approval of this medication until comprehensive safety trials are completed.

Consider the following argument: "A recent industry report notes that successful corporate managers display high ambition when setting quarterly targets. However, psychologists define ambition as an excessive desire for personal dominance over others. Therefore, successful corporate managers must possess an excessive desire for personal dominance."

Match each component or statement from the argument on the left with its corresponding contextual meaning or logical role on the right.

Read the argument below regarding energy infrastructure and match each statement from the text to its corresponding logical role within the argument.

Argument:
Although utility companies contend that investing in municipal microgrids will fragment national energy markets and raise consumer rates, recent empirical data from regional pilots show that decentralized solar-plus-storage systems significantly reduce peak-demand spikes. Lowering peak-demand strain directly reduces the need for expensive fossil-fuel peaking plants. Consequently, municipal microgrid expansion actually enhances overall grid resilience and long-term cost stability. Therefore, federal energy regulators should mandate municipal microgrid integration standards immediately, despite short-term transition costs for legacy utilities.

Match each statement on the left with its precise logical role on the right.

Consider the following passage:

'A 12-month clinical study evaluated the efficacy of Drug Y in 500 patients diagnosed with Condition Z. Every patient who was administered Drug Y experienced a statistically significant reduction in Condition Z symptoms. Additionally, exactly 15 percent of the patients receiving Drug Y experienced mild side effect W. None of the patients in the control group, who received a placebo, experienced side effect W or any reduction in Condition Z symptoms.'

Match each assertion below to its correct logical classification based on the passage.

Read the argument below regarding environmental policy and marine mining, then match each statement from the text to its corresponding logical role within the argument:

"Proponents of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining argue that extracting seabed minerals is essential to supply metals for green technology transitions without expanding terrestrial mining's ecological footprint. However, recent oceanographic surveys indicate that benthic ecosystems recover far more slowly from physical disturbance than land-based biomes do. Because deep-sea sediment plumes can travel hundreds of kilometers, disrupting midwater marine food webs, the environmental costs of abyssal mining are likely to exceed those of conventional land extraction. Therefore, international regulators should institute an immediate moratorium on commercial seabed mining, regardless of projected economic benefits."

Read the argument below regarding biotechnology and invasive species management, and match each statement from the text to its corresponding logical role within the overall argument.

Argument: Conservationists frequently propose gene-drive technology to eradicate invasive species on isolated islands. Critics contend that off-target genetic mutations could inadvertently spread to mainland populations, causing ecological collapse. However, recent field trials utilizing self-limiting genetic markers demonstrate that gene drives decay naturally within five generations, rendering widespread spillover biologically impossible. Although monitoring post-release ecosystems remains essential to detect unexpected ecological shifts, the fear of uncontrolled global spread is unfounded. Consequently, environmental agencies should proceed with controlled island deployments of self-limiting gene drives.

Which logical role corresponds to each statement from the argument?

Read the following argument carefully, then match each key term from the argument to the specific shift in meaning it undergoes between the premise context and the conclusion context:

'To ensure market stability, regulatory boards must foster fair competition among competing energy firms. However, fair competition exists only when no firm holds an unfair advantage over its rivals. Because companies holding proprietary patents on green technology possess a clear operational advantage not shared by competitors, patent enforcement violates fair competition. Thus, patent protections undermine market stability.'

Consider the following passage:

In an industrial audit of 40 manufacturing plants that adopted Calcined Clay Technology (CCT) to reduce industrial emissions, every audited plant achieved at least a 25 percent reduction in per-ton carbon output compared to traditional production methods. However, operating costs per ton rose by an average of 12 percent across all 40 facilities, primarily due to the energy consumed during clay calcination. Furthermore, plants that sourced raw clay locally recorded 15 percent lower transportation expenses than plants that imported raw clay.

Based on the passage, match each statement on the left to its proper logical classification on the right.

The table below shows logistics performance data for six regional warehouses during the third quarter:

Match each statement on the left with its correct evaluation outcome on the right based on the table.

A theater sold a total of $100$ tickets for a performance, consisting of standard tickets ($s$) at $\$25$ each and VIP tickets ($v$) at $\$50$ each. The total revenue from ticket sales was $\$3,500$. Match each ticket category to the correct number of tickets sold.

Read the argument below regarding retail pricing algorithms, then match each statement from the text to its corresponding logical role within the argument.

Argument:
Although proponents of automated dynamic pricing systems argue that such algorithms merely optimize market efficiency by responding instantly to supply fluctuations, regulators note that concurrent deployment of identical algorithms by competing retailers frequently leads to implicit price coordination. Such algorithmic tacit collusion artificially inflates consumer prices even in the absence of explicit communication among firms. Because existing antitrust laws require proof of explicit agreement to establish illegal price-fixing, current legal frameworks are fundamentally ill-equipped to curb algorithmic collusion. Regulators must therefore update antitrust standards to encompass market outcomes generated by shared pricing algorithms.

The table below details 2025 performance and operational metrics for seven metropolitan transit corridors:

Match each of the three statements on the left with its correct evaluation description on the right based on the data provided.

An analysis of a technology firm's policy statement reveals a logical flaw based on equivocation:

"Our committee mandates that all software deployments must ensure user security. Comprehensive data encryption guarantees technical security against external cyberattacks. Therefore, deploying robust data encryption fully satisfies a technology firm's ethical security responsibilities toward its customer base."

Match each key term from the argument on the left to the specific shift in meaning it undergoes between the premise context and the conclusion context on the right.

A municipal study observed that cities with a higher number of public parks also report higher average levels of physical activity among their residents. Based on this observation, a researcher concluded that constructing public parks directly causes residents to become more physically active. Match each statement below with the logical role it plays in evaluating the researcher's causal claim.

A commercial airline manages its long-haul fleet using two aircraft configurations: Configuration P (Passenger-focused) and Configuration C (Cargo-focused).

On a standard transcontinental route:
- Operating $4$ Configuration P flights and $3$ Configuration C flights requires a total of $98,000$ gallons of fuel.
- Operating $2$ Configuration P flights and $5$ Configuration C flights requires a total of $112,000$ gallons of fuel.

Assuming fuel consumption per flight depends solely on the aircraft configuration, select the fuel consumption (in gallons) per flight for Configuration P and for Configuration C.

A metropolitan transportation authority implemented a peak-hour congestion pricing toll for private vehicles entering District X. Over the following 18 months, private vehicle traffic entering District X decreased by $22\%$, while retail foot traffic in District X increased by $14\%$. The transit board concluded that the congestion toll directly caused the increase in retail foot traffic by eliminating traffic congestion and encouraging suburban shoppers to visit downtown via public transit.

Match each logical argument role below with the statement that best exemplifies that role when evaluating the transit board's causal claim.

A corporate study evaluated the relationship between flexible remote work policies and employee turnover in technology firms. Researchers observed that firms introducing remote work experienced a 20% drop in voluntary departures, leading them to conclude that remote work directly reduces employee burnout and thereby improves retention.

Match each statement below with the logical role it plays in evaluating this causal argument.

Read the argument below regarding subglacial Antarctic lake exploration, then match each statement from the text to its corresponding logical role within the argument.

Argument:
Recent drillings into subglacial Antarctic lakes revealed microbial communities surviving in complete darkness. Astrobiologists frequently argue that discovering such extremophiles proves life could easily thrive in the subsurface oceans of icy moons like Europa. However, terrestrial subglacial lakes benefit from geothermal heat sources and chemical influxes from surrounding bedrock that are likely absent on icy celestial bodies. Thus, terrestrial extremophile survival cannot be treated as an exact model for extraterrestrial habitability. Consequently, researchers must establish direct spectroscopic criteria for extraterrestrial life rather than relying on terrestrial analogs.

Which statement matches which logical role?

A logistics company operates three delivery routes with specific distances and constant average speeds. Match each delivery route to its corresponding total travel time.