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Zorluk: OrtaDevelopment Planning Strategies and Models

In W. Arthur Lewis's dual-sector development model for labor-surplus economies, what primary mechanism drives continuous expansion and capital accumulation within the modern industrial sector?

  1. Reinvesting the profits earned by industrial capitalists while keeping urban wages tied to the agricultural subsistence rateCevap
  2. B
    Reallocating government tax revenue away from public infrastructure into rural agricultural subsidies
  3. C
    Shifting national economic policy from three-year rolling plans to long-term fixed perspective plans
  4. D
    Restricting consumer imports through high tariffs to protect domestic consumer goods industries

Cevap

The modern sector expands through the reinvestment of capitalist profits generated by transferring disguisedly unemployed agricultural workers to industry at a constant subsistence wage.
W. Arthur Lewis postulated that in dual economies with unlimited supplies of labor, the modern capitalist sector grows because urban wages remain low and constant (tied to rural subsistence). This enables capitalists to capture a substantial surplus (profit), which is continuously reinvested into capital equipment to hire more workers, driving capital accumulation.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core assumption of the Lewis Dual-Sector Model.
The model assumes a traditional rural sector with zero marginal productivity of labor (disguised unemployment) and a modern urban industrial sector.
This labor surplus creates an elastic supply of labor available to the industrial sector.
2
Determine how industrial capitalists generate economic surplus.
Industrial employers hire workers at a constant wage rate slightly above agricultural subsistence levels, keeping labor costs low while output increases.
Low wage costs relative to productivity create a high profit share (capitalist surplus) for industrial firms.
3
Analyze how sustained industrial expansion occurs.
Capitalists reinvest their profits into new capital equipment, increasing the demand for labor and repeating the reinvestment cycle until the agricultural labor surplus is exhausted.
Continuous profit reinvestment serves as the primary engine of capital accumulation and structural transformation.

Anahtar Kavram

W. Arthur Lewis Dual-Sector Model of Development
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Konular

Development Planning Strategies and Models

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