Read the text below carefully:
Rising sea levels and severe coastal erosion threaten communities across the Niger Delta. Traditional concrete seawalls have proven costly and prone to structural degradation under harsh saltwater conditions. Environmental scientists now advocate for restoring degraded mangrove forests as a sustainable, bio-engineered shoreline protection strategy. Mangrove roots naturally trap sediments, stabilize muddy soils, and dissipate wave energy before it reaches vulnerable settlements. Implementing this ecological restoration requires a systematic procedure: clearing non-native invasive flora choking damaged estuaries, restoring natural tidal hydrology, cultivating and planting native mangrove seedlings, and mobilizing local communities for long-term conservation monitoring.
Arrange the following stages of mangrove ecosystem restoration in their correct sequential order as presented in the text.
- 1Clearing non-native invasive plant species choking damaged waterways.
- 2Restoring natural tidal flow and hydrology across estuaries.
- 3Cultivating and reintroducing native mangrove seedlings.
- 4Mobilizing local fishing communities for long-term ecosystem monitoring.