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Zorluk: ZorStructural Isomerism and Stereoisomerism

Match each pair of organic compounds on the left with its corresponding type of isomerism on the right.

  • Hexan-2-one and Hexan-3-onePositional isomerism
  • Pentane and 2,22,2-DimethylpropaneChain isomerism
  • Ethoxyethane and Butan-1-olFunctional group isomerism
  • (+)(+)-Lactic acid and (−)(-)-Lactic acidOptical isomerism

Cevap

Hexan-2-one and Hexan-3-one exhibit Positional isomerism; Pentane and 2,2-Dimethylpropane exhibit Chain isomerism; Ethoxyethane and Butan-1-ol exhibit Functional group isomerism; (+)-Lactic acid and (-)-Lactic acid exhibit Optical isomerism.
Hexan-2-one and Hexan-3-one differ only in the locant of the carbonyl group along an unchanged six-carbon backbone (positional isomerism). Pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons (chain isomerism). Ethoxyethane and Butan-1-ol share the formula C4H10O but contain different functional groups (functional group isomerism). (+)-Lactic acid and (-)-Lactic acid are optical enantiomers due to an asymmetric chiral carbon center.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Examine Hexan-2-one and Hexan-3-one
Both share the molecular formula C6H12OC_6H_{12}O and contain the carbonyl (C=OC=O) functional group. In Hexan-2-one, the carbonyl carbon is at C-2, whereas in Hexan-3-one, it is at C-3.
Molecules with identical functional groups located at different positions on the carbon chain are positional isomers.
2
Examine Pentane and 2,2-Dimethylpropane
Both share the formula C5H12C_5H_{12}. Pentane is a straight 5-carbon chain (CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3), whereas 2,2-Dimethylpropane consists of a 3-carbon chain with two methyl branches, C(CH3)4C(CH_3)_4.
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different carbon chain structures are chain isomers.
3
Examine Ethoxyethane and Butan-1-ol
Both share the molecular formula C4H10OC_4H_{10}O. Ethoxyethane (C2H5−O−C2H5C_2H_5-O-C_2H_5) is an ether, while Butan-1-ol (C4H9OHC_4H_9OH) is a primary alkanol.
Molecules possessing the same molecular formula but belonging to different homologous series with distinct functional groups are functional group isomers.
4
Examine (+)-Lactic acid and (-)-Lactic acid
Lactic acid (22-hydroxypropanoic acid) features a central carbon atom bonded to four distinct groups: −H-H, −OH-OH, −CH3-CH_3, and −COOH-COOH. This chiral center generates two non-superimposable mirror-image forms.
Stereoisomers that rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions due to molecular chirality are optical isomers.

Anahtar Kavram

Types of Structural Isomerism and Stereoisomerism
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Konular

Structural Isomerism and Stereoisomerism

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