Match each commercial product category or business scenario on the left with its most appropriate channel of distribution on the right.
- Custom-built heavy industrial mining machinery requiring expert installationProducer → Consumer (Direct channel)
- Mass-produced packaged consumer beverages distributed across nationwide retail outletsProducer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer
- Fresh unpasteurized dairy milk intended for rapid local urban consumptionProducer → Retailer → Consumer
- Imported specialized technical pharmaceuticals requiring market representationProducer → Agent → Retailer → Consumer
Cevap
The correct matches pair Custom-built industrial machinery with Producer → Consumer; Mass-produced packaged beverages with Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer; Fresh unpasteurized dairy milk with Producer → Retailer → Consumer; and Imported technical pharmaceuticals with Producer → Agent → Retailer → Consumer.
Direct channels suit specialized high-value technical machinery requiring personal seller contact. Traditional four-stage channels suit mass consumer items needing widespread retail coverage and bulk-breaking. Short retailer channels suit perishable foods needing quick delivery. Agent channels suit foreign or specialized goods requiring expert market entry and promotion.
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Anahtar Kavram
Factors governing the selection of channels of distribution including product nature, market size, technical complexity, and intermediary functions.