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Zorluk: ZorMolecular Shapes, VSEPR Theory, and Hybridization

Match each chemical species on the left with its correct molecular shape and central atom hybridization state on the right based on Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.

  • Chlorine trifluoride (ClF3ClF_3)T-shaped geometry with sp3dsp^3d hybridization
  • Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4XeF_4)Square planar geometry with sp3d2sp^3d^2 hybridization
  • Boron trifluoride (BF3BF_3)Trigonal planar geometry with sp2sp^2 hybridization
  • Triiodide ion (I3−I_3^-)Linear geometry with sp3dsp^3d hybridization

Cevap

Chlorine trifluoride (ClF3ClF_3) matches T-shaped geometry with sp3dsp^3d hybridization; Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4XeF_4) matches Square planar geometry with sp3d2sp^3d^2 hybridization; Boron trifluoride (BF3BF_3) matches Trigonal planar geometry with sp2sp^2 hybridization; Triiodide ion (I3−I_3^-) matches Linear geometry with sp3dsp^3d hybridization.
Each species is correctly paired by evaluating its total steric number (sum of sigma bonds and lone pairs) on the central atom to establish hybridization, then removing lone pair domains to find the molecular geometry. Chlorine trifluoride (ClF3ClF_3) has a steric number of 5 (sp3dsp^3d) with 2 lone pairs giving a T-shape. Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4XeF_4) has a steric number of 6 (sp3d2sp^3d^2) with 2 lone pairs giving a square planar shape. Boron trifluoride (BF3BF_3) has a steric number of 3 (sp2sp^2) with 0 lone pairs giving a trigonal planar shape. The triiodide ion (I3−I_3^-) has a steric number of 5 (sp3dsp^3d) with 3 lone pairs in equatorial positions giving a linear shape.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the valence electron count and steric number for each central atom.
For ClF3ClF_3, steric number is 3 bonding+2 lone pairs=53 \text{ bonding} + 2 \text{ lone pairs} = 5. For XeF4XeF_4, steric number is 4 bonding+2 lone pairs=64 \text{ bonding} + 2 \text{ lone pairs} = 6. For BF3BF_3, steric number is 3 bonding+0 lone pairs=33 \text{ bonding} + 0 \text{ lone pairs} = 3. For I3−I_3^-, steric number is 2 bonding+3 lone pairs=52 \text{ bonding} + 3 \text{ lone pairs} = 5.
Steric number dictates the electron-pair geometry and the hybridization state of the central atom.
2
Assign the hybridization state based on the steric number.
Steric number 3 gives sp2sp^2; steric number 5 gives sp3dsp^3d; steric number 6 gives sp3d2sp^3d^2.
The number of hybridized orbitals equals the steric number of electron domains.
3
Determine molecular shape by accounting for lone pair positions under VSEPR principles.
ClF3ClF_3 (5 domains, 2 equatorial lone pairs) is T-shaped; XeF4XeF_4 (6 domains, 2 axial lone pairs) is square planar; BF3BF_3 (3 domains, 0 lone pairs) is trigonal planar; I3−I_3^- (5 domains, 3 equatorial lone pairs) is linear.
Lone pairs occupy positions that minimize electron repulsion (equatorial in trigonal bipyramidal, axial in octahedral).

Anahtar Kavram

VSEPR Theory and Central Atom Hybridization
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Molecular Shapes, VSEPR Theory, and Hybridization

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