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Zorluk: KolaySimple and Fractional Distillation

During the fractional distillation of crude oil (petroleum), different fractions are separated based on their boiling points. Arrange the following petroleum fractions in order of their distillation from first to last (lowest boiling point to highest boiling point).

  1. 1Petroleum gas (Boiling range below 20∘C20^\circ\text{C})
  2. 2Petrol / Gasoline (Boiling range 40∘C−170∘C40^\circ\text{C} - 170^\circ\text{C})
  3. 3Kerosene / Paraffin (Boiling range 170∘C−250∘C170^\circ\text{C} - 250^\circ\text{C})
  4. 4Diesel oil / Gas oil (Boiling range 250∘C−350∘C250^\circ\text{C} - 350^\circ\text{C})

Cevap

The correct order of petroleum fractions from first to last distilled is: Petroleum gas, Petrol / Gasoline, Kerosene / Paraffin, and Diesel oil / Gas oil.
Fractional distillation separates liquids based on differences in their boiling points. The fraction with the lowest boiling point (petroleum gas) is the most volatile and vaporizes first, exiting at the top of the fractionating column. As the temperature of the mixture increases, fractions with progressively higher boiling points (petrol, then kerosene, then diesel oil) vaporize and distil off sequentially.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the separation principle of fractional distillation.
Components with lower boiling points vaporize first and distil off before components with higher boiling points.
Lower boiling point liquids are more volatile and require less thermal energy to enter the vapor phase.
2
Compare the boiling points of the given petroleum fractions.
Petroleum gas (< 20∘C20^\circ\text{C}) < Petrol (40∘C−170∘C40^\circ\text{C}-170^\circ\text{C}) < Kerosene (170∘C−250∘C170^\circ\text{C}-250^\circ\text{C}) < Diesel oil (250∘C−350∘C250^\circ\text{C}-350^\circ\text{C}).
Hydrocarbon chain length increases from gas to diesel, increasing intermolecular forces and boiling points.
3
Arrange the items from lowest boiling point to highest boiling point.
Order: Petroleum gas → Petrol / Gasoline → Kerosene / Paraffin → Diesel oil / Gas oil.
This matches the sequence of collection during fractional distillation.

Anahtar Kavram

Fractional Distillation of Petroleum
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Konular

Simple and Fractional Distillation

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