An element M has the ground-state electronic configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2, while elem… — JAMB UTME

An element $M$ has the ground-state electronic configuration $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2$ , while element $X$ has the configuration $1s^2 2s^2 2p^5$ . What is the chemical formula of the compound formed between $M$ and $X$ , and what type of bonding holds the compound together?

$MX_2$ ; electrovalent (ionic) bondingCevap
B
$MX$ ; electrovalent (ionic) bonding
C
$M_2X$ ; covalent bonding
D
$MX_2$ ; covalent bonding

Cevap

The correct compound formula is

MX_2

and the bonding is electrovalent (ionic).

The correct answer states that the compound formula is

MX_2

formed by electrovalent (ionic) bonding. Element

M

has 2 valence electrons (

3s^2

) which it transfers to two atoms of element

X

(each having 7 valence electrons,

2s^2 2p^5

), forming

M^{2+}

and two

X^-

ions. Bonding via complete electron transfer between metal and non-metal is electrovalent.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Analyze the electronic configuration of element

M

to determine its valency and ion charge.

Element

M

(

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2

) has 2 valence electrons in its outermost shell (

3s

). It donates 2 electrons to achieve a stable octet, forming the cation

M^{2+}

Elements with 1 or 2 outer electrons readily lose them to achieve stable noble gas electron configurations.

Analyze the electronic configuration of element

X

to determine its valency and ion charge.

Element

X

(

1s^2 2s^2 2p^5

) has 7 valence electrons in its outermost shell (

2s^2 2p^5

). It accepts 1 electron to complete its octet, forming the anion

X^-

Non-metals with 7 valence electrons require 1 additional electron for octet stability.

Balance the ionic charges to establish the formula unit and identify the bond type.

To maintain electrical neutrality, one

M^{2+}

ion combines with two

X^-

ions, resulting in the chemical formula

MX_2

. The complete transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal yields electrostatic attraction, which constitutes electrovalent (ionic) bonding.

Ionic compounds must be electrically neutral, and bonding formed by complete electron transfer is electrovalent.

Anahtar Kavram

Ionic (Electrovalent) Bond Formation and Formula Determination

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