Match each chemical transformation involving alkanols listed on the left with the appropri… — JAMB UTME

Match each chemical transformation involving alkanols listed on the left with the appropriate reagent, enzyme, or catalyst required on the right.

Conversion of glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxideZymase
Dehydration of ethanol to produce ethene gasExcess concentrated $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ at $170^\circ\text{C}$
Complete oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acidAcidified $\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7$ under reflux
Industrial hydration of ethene to ethanolPhosphoric acid ( $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$ ) catalyst at $300^\circ\text{C}$ and $60\text{ atm}$

Glucose is fermented to ethanol using the enzyme zymase; dehydration of ethanol to ethene uses excess concentrated

\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4

170^\circ\text{C}

; ethanol is oxidized to ethanoic acid using acidified

\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7

under reflux; and industrial synthesis of ethanol from ethene uses steam with a phosphoric acid (

\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4

) catalyst at high temperature and pressure.

Each chemical process matches its unique catalyst or reaction conditions: zymase catalyzes glucose fermentation to ethanol, excess concentrated

\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4

170^\circ\text{C}

dehydrates ethanol to ethene, acidified

\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7

under reflux oxidizes ethanol to ethanoic acid, and phosphoric acid (

\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4

) on silica catalyzes the industrial hydration of ethene to ethanol.

Identify the biological catalyst for sugar fermentation

Fermentation of glucose (

\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow 2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} + 2\text{CO}_2

) is catalyzed specifically by the enzyme zymase.

Yeast produces zymase, which converts simple hexose sugars directly into ethanol.

Identify the reagent and temperature for elimination/dehydration

Heating ethanol with excess concentrated

\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4

170^\circ\text{C}

yields ethene via removal of a water molecule.

Concentrated tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid acts as a dehydrating agent; high temperature (

170^\circ\text{C}

) favors ethene formation over ethoxyethane formation.

Identify the oxidizing conditions for full alkanol oxidation

Primary alkanols undergo two-stage oxidation: first to an alkanal, then under reflux with acidified

\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7

to an alkanoic acid.

Acidified potassium heptaoxodichromate(VI) is a strong oxidizing agent capable of carrying the oxidation of ethanol fully to ethanoic acid.

Identify the industrial catalytic addition reaction conditions

Direct hydration of ethene (

\text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}

) uses a phosphoric acid catalyst.

The reversible addition of steam across the double bond of ethene requires a solid phosphoric acid catalyst at

300^\circ\text{C}

and high pressure.

Reagents, enzymes, and conditions for alkanol preparation and reactions

Soru