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Soru 3781Soru →

In hilly terrain such as the Jos Plateau, intense rainfall often causes large masses of saturated soil and rock debris to slide rapidly down steep slopes under the direct influence of gravity. Which environmental hazard process best describes this bulk downslope movement of material?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Mass wasting

Cevap

Mass wasting is the process responsible for the bulk downslope movement of soil and rock debris under gravity.
The correct response identifies mass wasting, which encompasses slope failure processes such as landslides and mudflows where gravity directly moves weathered material down an incline.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the process described in the scenario
The scenario highlights saturated soil and rock debris moving down steep slopes under gravity.
Identifying the primary driving force (gravity) distinguishes mass movement from erosion or weathering.
2
Distinguish between weathering, erosion, and mass wasting
Weathering occurs in situ (in place), erosion requires a moving medium like running water or wind, while mass wasting is driven directly by gravity.
Mass wasting hazards include landslides, mudflows, and rockfalls triggered by slope saturation.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinction between in-situ weathering and gravitational mass wasting hazards
Soru 3782Soru →

Match each Nigerian vegetation zone listed on the left with its corresponding indicator plant species or structural adaptation on the right.

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Öğeler

Mangrove Swamp Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Guinea Savanna
Sahel Savanna

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Mangrove Swamp Forest matches Stilt roots and pneumatophores; Tropical Rain Forest matches Multi-layered canopy with economic hardwoods; Guinea Savanna matches Scattered fire-resistant deciduous trees amidst tall grasses; Sahel Savanna matches Short thorny shrubs and acacia adapted to severe arid conditions.
Each vegetation zone corresponds directly to its ecological adaptations and dominant plant forms controlled primarily by the south-to-north decreasing rainfall gradient across Nigeria.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify coastal saltwater vegetation adaptations
Mangrove Swamp Forest pairs with stilt roots and pneumatophores.
Anaerobic muddy soils in saline coastal estuaries require respiratory root adaptations.
2
Identify wet high-rainfall forest belt characteristics
Tropical Rain Forest pairs with a multi-layered canopy of hardwood trees.
Abundant year-round precipitation and humidity foster stratified tree layers.
3
Identify broad middle-belt savanna characteristics
Guinea Savanna pairs with tall grasses and scattered deciduous trees.
Moderate seasonal rainfall supports luxuriant grass growth and trees adapted to annual bush fires.
4
Identify semi-arid far northern vegetation adaptations
Sahel Savanna pairs with short thorny shrubs and acacia trees.
Prolonged dry seasons require xerophytic plant adaptations to minimize transpiration.

Anahtar Kavram

Vegetation zones and ecological adaptations in Nigeria
Soru 3783Soru →

A sole trader evaluated three categories of unsold goods at the end of the accounting year as follows:

Inventory CategoryCost ($)Estimated Selling Price ($)Selling Expenses ($)
Category X12,00015,0001,000
Category Y18,00016,0001,500
Category Z25,00030,0002,000

In accordance with the prudence concept, what is the total value of closing inventory to be credited to the Trading Account?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 51500

Cevap

The total value of closing inventory to be credited to the Trading Account is $51,500.
Closing inventory must be valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value (NRV) for each separate category. For Category X, cost (12,000)islowerthanNRV(12,000) is lower than NRV ( 14,000). For Category Y, NRV (14,500)islowerthancost(14,500) is lower than cost ( 18,000). For Category Z, cost (25,000)islowerthanNRV(25,000) is lower than NRV ( 28,000). Summing these lower values (12,000+12,000 + 14,500 + 25,000)yields25,000) yields 51,500.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the Net Realizable Value (NRV) for each inventory category.
Category X NRV = 15,000−15,000 - 1,000 = 14,000;CategoryYNRV=14,000; Category Y NRV = 16,000 - 1,500=1,500 = 14,500; Category Z NRV = 30,000−30,000 - 2,000 = $28,000.
Net Realizable Value represents the expected net cash receivable from selling the inventory after deducting estimated costs to complete and sell.
2
Determine the lower of Cost and NRV for each category individually.
Category X lower value = 12,000(Cost);CategoryYlowervalue=12,000 (Cost); Category Y lower value = 14,500 (NRV); Category Z lower value = $25,000 (Cost).
According to the accounting principle of prudence (and IAS 2), inventory must be valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value evaluated line by line.
3
Sum the selected valuation amounts to obtain the total closing inventory value.
Total Closing Inventory = 12,000+12,000 + 14,500 + 25,000=25,000 = 51,500.
The total closing inventory reported in final accounts is the sum of the individual lower values.

Anahtar Kavram

Valuation of inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value under the prudence concept
Soru 3784Soru →

Match each environmental hazard or degradation type in West Africa with its primary contributing cause and regional manifestation.

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Öğeler

Gully Erosion
Oil Spillage
Desertification
Coastal Erosion

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Gully Erosion pairs with intense rainfall on fragile soils in Southeastern Nigeria; Oil Spillage pairs with pipeline leaks in the Niger Delta mangroves; Desertification pairs with overgrazing and drought in the Sahel belt; Coastal Erosion pairs with ocean wave action along the Atlantic coastline.
Each hazard is accurately matched to its specific geographical setting and primary physical or human drivers: Gully Erosion with Southeastern rain-induced soil scouring, Oil Spillage with Niger Delta petroleum activities, Desertification with Sahelian dryland vegetation loss, and Coastal Erosion with Atlantic marine wave action.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the landform process and physical triggers for Gully Erosion.
Identify Southeastern Nigeria (e.g., Anambra, Imo) as the major regional hotspot driven by heavy rainfall and friable soils.
Geological composition and high precipitation make steep slopes vulnerable to deep channel scouring.
2
Analyze anthropogenic industrial hazards in coastal riverine zones.
Match Oil Spillage to petroleum extraction activities in the Niger Delta mangroves.
Pollution in wetlands is directly tied to crude oil extraction and transport infrastructure.
3
Examine dryland degradation mechanisms in semi-arid zones.
Match Desertification to drought, overgrazing, and deforestation in the Northern Sahelian zone.
Vegetation removal exposes dry soils to wind erosion and desert encroachment.
4
Identify coastal dynamic processes.
Match Coastal Erosion to wave impact and beach sand mining along Atlantic coastal areas like Lagos.
High-energy oceanic wave mechanics actively scour low-lying barrier beaches.

Anahtar Kavram

Regional distribution and cause-and-effect relationships of major environmental hazards in Nigeria
Soru 3785Soru →

A sole trader extracted a trial balance showing total purchases of ₦450,000₦450,000. During the financial year, the proprietor withdrew goods costing ₦25,000₦25,000, which had a selling price of ₦32,000₦32,000, for personal domestic use. If no adjustment has been made in the accounting records, what is the correct figure for purchases to be reported in the Trading Account?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: ₦425,000₦425,000

Cevap

₦425,000₦425,000
When an owner withdraws goods for personal use, the transaction reduces total business purchases. The reduction must be made at cost price (₦25,000₦25,000) rather than selling price (₦32,000₦32,000) to reflect the actual cost incurred by the business. Subtracting ₦25,000₦25,000 from the unadjusted purchases figure of ₦450,000₦450,000 gives the correct Trading Account purchases figure of ₦425,000₦425,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the accounting rule for goods withdrawn by the owner
Goods taken by the proprietor for private use must be debited to Drawings Account and credited to Purchases Account at cost price.
The goods were purchased for resale, but since they were consumed personally, they must be removed from the cost of goods available for sale at cost.
2
Select the correct valuation price
Use the cost price of ₦25,000₦25,000 (ignore the retail selling price of ₦32,000₦32,000).
Drawings of goods are recorded at cost price to avoid recognizing unrealized profit on personal consumption.
3
Calculate adjusted purchases for the Trading Account
Adjusted Purchases=₦450,000−₦25,000=₦425,000\text{Adjusted Purchases} = ₦450,000 - ₦25,000 = ₦425,000
Deducting cost of goods withdrawn gives the net purchases available for business sales.

Anahtar Kavram

Treatment of Goods Withdrawn by Proprietor at Cost Price
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 3786Soru →

A demographic survey of a municipality in West Africa recorded a population structure consisting of 1200012{}000 children aged under 15 years, 2000020{}000 adults aged 15–64 years, and 40004{}000 elderly individuals aged 65 years and above. What is the total dependency ratio of this municipality?

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Cevap: 80.0%80.0\%

Cevap

The total dependency ratio of the municipality is 80.0%80.0\%.
The total dependency ratio measures the pressure on the productive population by comparing non-working age groups (under 15 and 65+) to the working-age group (15–64). With 1600016{}000 total dependents and 2000020{}000 working-age individuals, the ratio is (16000/20000)×100=80.0%(16{}000 / 20{}000) \times 100 = 80.0\%.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total dependent population
Dependent population = Youth (under 15) + Elderly (65 and above) = 12000+4000=1600012{}000 + 4{}000 = 16{}000
Dependents include all individuals outside the economically active age range of 15–64 years.
2
Identify the working-age population
Working-age population = 2000020{}000
The population aged 15–64 years represents the economically active group.
3
Apply the total dependency ratio formula
Dependency Ratio=(1600020000)×100=80.0%\text{Dependency Ratio} = \left( \frac{16{}000}{20{}000} \right) \times 100 = 80.0\%
The formula for Dependency Ratio is (Total Dependents / Working-Age Population) * 100.

Anahtar Kavram

Dependency Ratio Calculation
Soru 3787Soru →

On the agricultural slopes of the Jos Plateau in central Nigeria, continuous cultivation on fragile Ferruginous soils frequently exposes topsoil to severe sheet and gully erosion. Which soil conservation method is most structurally suited to modify the slope gradient and reduce surface runoff velocity?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Terracing along contour lines to construct stepped physical embankments

Cevap

Terracing along contour lines to construct stepped physical embankments is the most structurally effective soil conservation technique for steep highland terrain such as the Jos Plateau.
Terracing transforms steep slope gradients into flat, step-like benches that interrupt downhill water flow, reducing runoff velocity and preventing severe soil erosion in highland regions.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the geographical context and primary soil degradation trigger
The Jos Plateau features steep relief where heavy rainfall generates high-velocity surface runoff across Ferruginous soils.
Topographic incline directly increases runoff velocity and kinetic energy, accelerating soil detachment.
2
Evaluate conservation engineering measures designed for highland slopes
Terracing alters the effective slope profile by breaking steep inclines into flat, stepped platforms.
By decreasing slope length and gradient, terracing retards water flow, promotes infiltration, and traps eroded sediment.

Anahtar Kavram

Soil Erosion Mechanisms and Mechanical Conservation Techniques on Nigerian Highlands
Soru 3788Soru →

Match each major Nigerian soil type listed on the left with its corresponding geographic distribution and physical characteristics on the right.

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Öğeler

Ferrallitic Soils
Ferruginous Tropical Soils
Hydromorphic Soils
Regosols and Brown Soils

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Ferrallitic Soils match the southern rainforest belt profile; Ferruginous Tropical Soils match the Guinea/Sudan savanna profile over crystalline rocks; Hydromorphic Soils match the Niger-Benue floodplains and deltaic lowland profile; Regosols and Brown Soils match the semi-arid extreme northern border profile.
Soil distribution in Nigeria reflects rainfall gradients and relief: Ferrallitic soils characterize the humid southern forest belt, Ferruginous tropical soils cover the middle belt and northern savannas over crystalline basement rocks, Hydromorphic soils line major river floodplains and the Niger Delta, and Regosols dominate the dry aeolian northern borderlands.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the climatic and vegetation context of each Nigerian soil group.
Heavy rainfall in the south correlates with severe leaching (Ferrallitic); seasonal wetting/drying in savannas correlates with weathered crystalline soils (Ferruginous); riverine overflow correlates with alluvial deposition (Hydromorphic); arid winds correlate with sandy deposits (Regosols).
In Nigerian regional geography, soil distribution follows latitudinal climatic zones and local drainage conditions.
2
Pair each soil group with its unique pedological characteristics and location.
Ferrallitic Soils -> Southern rainforest belt (intensely leached); Ferruginous Tropical Soils -> Savanna zones (crystalline basement complex); Hydromorphic Soils -> Niger-Benue valleys and Niger Delta (waterlogged silts); Regosols -> Northern Sahel fringe (sandy/wind-eroded).
Aligning soil taxonomy with regional climate and geomorphology provides the correct matches.

Anahtar Kavram

Zonal and azonal soil distribution across Nigeria's ecological zones
Soru 3789Soru →

Match each stage of the Demographic Transition Model on the left with its corresponding birth and death rate characteristic on the right.

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Öğeler

Stage 1 (High Stationary)
Stage 2 (Early Expanding)
Stage 3 (Late Expanding)
Stage 4 (Low Stationary)

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Stage 1 (High Stationary) pairs with high birth and high death rates; Stage 2 (Early Expanding) pairs with high birth rate and rapidly falling death rate; Stage 3 (Late Expanding) pairs with falling birth rate and low death rate; Stage 4 (Low Stationary) pairs with low birth rate and low death rate.
Each stage of the Demographic Transition Model represents a specific evolutionary phase of birth and death rates as a society undergoes economic and social development. Stage 1 pairs high births with high deaths (low growth), Stage 2 pairs high births with plummeting deaths (rapid expansion), Stage 3 pairs dropping births with low deaths (slowing expansion), and Stage 4 pairs low births with low deaths (stationary equilibrium).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the demographic conditions of Stage 1.
High birth rates and high death rates cancel each other out, giving a low, fluctuating population.
Early agrarian societies faced high infant mortality and disease.
2
Identify the demographic conditions of Stage 2.
Birth rates stay high while death rates plunge, yielding maximum natural increase.
Improvements in healthcare, diet, and sanitation dramatically lower mortality before fertility norms change.
3
Identify the demographic conditions of Stage 3.
Birth rates fall noticeably while death rates remain low.
Socio-economic development, female education, and urban lifestyle reduce family size preference.
4
Identify the demographic conditions of Stage 4.
Both birth and death rates level off at low values.
Industrialized societies achieve demographic equilibrium with low growth rates.

Anahtar Kavram

Demographic Transition Model Stages and Population Growth Dynamics
Soru 3790Soru →

Match each elementary surveying instrument on the left with its correct fieldwork purpose on the right.

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Öğeler

Abney Level
Marking Pin (Arrow)
Ranging Pole
Offset Rod

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Abney Level pairs with determining slope angles; Marking Pin pairs with tracking completed chain lengths; Ranging Pole pairs with establishing straight sight lines; Offset Rod pairs with measuring short right-angled distances.
Each instrument is correctly matched to its distinct functional role in chain and slope surveying: Abney Level for vertical angle/gradient measurement, Marking Pins for tracking chain counts, Ranging Poles for maintaining straight line-of-sight paths, and Offset Rods for lateral feature positioning.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify instruments designed for angular/vertical measurements.
The Abney Level measures vertical angles and slope gradients, matching it to terrain profiling.
Abney levels integrate a spirit level with a protractor scale specifically for gradient work.
2
Differentiate linear marking tools from alignment tools.
Marking Pins (arrows) are pushed into the ground at chain ends to keep count, while Ranging Poles are held upright to establish straight lines between survey stations.
Chain surveying relies on arrows to avoid counting errors over long distances and poles for visual alignment over line-of-sight distances.
3
Identify specialized tools for lateral offsets.
The Offset Rod measures short perpendicular distances from the main survey line.
Offset rods allow surveyors to capture boundaries, trees, or building corners situated near the main chain line.

Anahtar Kavram

Elementary Surveying Instrument Functions
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 3791Soru →

Hydroelectric power is a major component of Nigeria's renewable energy sector. Which of the following major hydroelectric power stations is located on the Kaduna River?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Shiroro Dam

Cevap

Shiroro Dam
Shiroro Dam is built across the Kaduna River (a major left-bank tributary of the River Niger) in Niger State. It generates hydroelectricity for Nigeria's national grid by utilizing the steep gradient and high flow volume of the Kaduna River gorge.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the drainage basins associated with Nigeria's major hydroelectric power schemes
The main river basins utilizing large dams for power in Nigeria are the Niger River basin and its major tributaries (such as the Kaduna River).
Accurate spatial matching between river courses and energy infrastructure is required.
2
Match each candidate dam to its specific river system
Kainji and Jebba dams are directly on the main Niger River; Bakolori Dam is on the Sokoto River; Shiroro Dam is built on the Kaduna River in Niger State.
Distinguishing between the trunk river (Niger) and its tributary (Kaduna) isolates the correct hydroelectric station.

Anahtar Kavram

Distribution and Locations of Hydroelectric Power Infrastructure in Nigeria
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 3792Soru →

During a demographic study of a developing nation, researchers recorded a rapid decline in the crude death rate due to improved medical services, while the crude birth rate remained consistently high. Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model does this scenario describe, and what is its effect on population growth?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Stage 2 (Early Expanding), producing rapid population growth due to a high rate of natural increase.

Cevap

Stage 2 (Early Expanding), producing rapid population growth due to a high rate of natural increase.
Stage 2 (Early Expanding) of the Demographic Transition Model is defined by a significant drop in mortality rates—brought about by improvements in public health, healthcare, and food supply—while birth rates remain high. This wide divergence between births and deaths creates a high rate of natural increase, causing rapid population growth.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the given demographic indicators
Crude death rate is falling rapidly while crude birth rate remains high.
Identifying birth and death rate trends is essential for determining the correct Demographic Transition Model stage.
2
Map the birth and death rate trends to the Demographic Transition Model stages
The combination of high birth rate and rapidly falling death rate corresponds to Stage 2 (Early Expanding).
Stage 2 occurs when sanitation and healthcare lower mortality before socio-economic changes lower fertility.
3
Determine the impact on overall population growth
The wide gap between high birth rates and low death rates yields a high rate of natural increase (CBR - CDR).
Natural increase measures population growth excluding net migration.

Anahtar Kavram

Demographic Transition Model - Stage 2 (Early Expanding Stage)
Soru 3793Soru →

In Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis, discrete geographic features with clear boundaries—such as roads, river channels, and administrative zones—are represented using coordinate points, lines, and polygons. Which GIS data structure is specifically designed for this mode of representation?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Vector data model

Cevap

Vector data model
The vector data model uses coordinate-based geometry—specifically points, lines, and polygons—to represent discrete geographical features with defined boundaries.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the spatial characteristics of the features given in the stem.
Roads, river channels, and administrative boundaries are discrete spatial entities with distinct locations and clear boundaries.
Choosing between spatial data models requires distinguishing discrete objects from continuous surfaces.
2
Match the geometric primitives (points, lines, polygons) to the corresponding GIS representation model.
Points represent locations, lines represent linear networks, and polygons represent enclosed areas within the vector model.
The vector model explicitly stores coordinate geometry to maintain precise spatial boundaries for discrete features.

Anahtar Kavram

Vector vs. Raster GIS Data Models
Soru 3794Soru →

Match each solid mineral resource found in Nigeria on the left with its primary deposit or quarrying location on the right.

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Öğeler

Iron Ore
Coal
Marble
Limestone

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Iron Ore matches with Itakpe, Coal matches with Enugu, Marble matches with Lokoja, and Limestone matches with Gboko.
Each mineral is correctly matched to its specific location in Nigeria: Iron Ore is mined at Itakpe, Coal is deposited at Enugu, Marble is extracted near Lokoja, and Limestone is quarried at Gboko.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary mining site for Iron Ore.
Iron Ore pairs with Itakpe.
Itakpe in Kogi State holds significant commercial reserves of iron ore.
2
Identify the major deposit area for Coal.
Coal pairs with Enugu.
Enugu is well-documented as Nigeria's main historical center for coal extraction.
3
Identify the main quarrying location for Marble.
Marble pairs with Lokoja.
Lokoja and nearby Jakura are noted for high-grade metamorphic marble reserves.
4
Identify the location for major Limestone quarrying.
Limestone pairs with Gboko.
Gboko in Benue State features extensive sedimentary limestone exploited for industrial cement production.

Anahtar Kavram

Geographical distribution of solid mineral resources in Nigeria
Soru 3795Soru →

An urbanizing district in West Africa with an estimated mid-year population of 500000500{}000 recorded 1600016{}000 live births, 60006{}000 deaths, 30003{}000 in-migrants, and 10001{}000 out-migrants within a single year. What is the annual net population growth rate of this district expressed as a percentage?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 2.4

Cevap

The annual net population growth rate of the district is 2.4%2.4\%.
Total net population change combines natural increase (16000 births−6000 deaths=1000016{}000 \text{ births} - 6{}000 \text{ deaths} = 10{}000) and net migration (3000 in-migrants−1000 out-migrants=20003{}000 \text{ in-migrants} - 1{}000 \text{ out-migrants} = 2{}000), giving a total increase of 1200012{}000. Expressing 1200012{}000 as a percentage of the total mid-year population of 500000500{}000 yields 12000500000×100=2.4%\frac{12{}000}{500{}000} \times 100 = 2.4\%.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the natural increase in population.
Natural Increase = 16000−6000=1000016{}000 - 6{}000 = 10{}000 individuals.
Natural increase represents the population growth resulting strictly from the surplus of births over deaths.
2
Calculate the net migration for the year.
Net Migration = 3000−1000=20003{}000 - 1{}000 = 2{}000 individuals.
Net migration is the net balance between incoming migrants (immigration) and outgoing migrants (emigration).
3
Determine the total annual population gain.
Total Population Addition = 10000+2000=1200010{}000 + 2{}000 = 12{}000 individuals.
Overall demographic growth incorporates both natural increase and net spatial mobility.
4
Compute the net growth rate percentage.
Annual Growth Rate = (12000500000)×100%=2.4%\left(\frac{12{}000}{500{}000}\right) \times 100\% = 2.4\%.
Dividing total net gain by the base mid-year population and scaling by 100 converts absolute growth into an annual percentage rate.

Anahtar Kavram

Total Net Population Growth Rate (Natural Increase + Net Migration)
Soru 3796Soru →

During Earth's annual revolution around the Sun, the subsolar point (the position where the Sun is directly overhead at noon) continuously changes its latitude between the Tropics. Starting from the March equinox when the Sun is directly overhead at the Equator moving northward, arrange the following solar positions in chronological sequence throughout the year.

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Cevap

The correct chronological sequence starting from the March equinox is: Sun directly overhead at the Equator moving northward ��� Sun directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer → Sun directly overhead at the Equator moving southward → Sun directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn.
Because Earth's axis is inclined at 23.5∘23.5^\circ to its orbital plane, the overhead position of the noon Sun shifts continuously throughout the year. Starting at the March Equinox (around March 21), the overhead Sun is at the Equator moving northward. It reaches its northernmost boundary at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5∘N23.5^\circ\text{N}) during the June Solstice (around June 21). It then returns southward, crossing the Equator at the September Equinox (around September 23), and finally reaches its southernmost boundary at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5∘S23.5^\circ\text{S}) during the December Solstice (around December 22).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the initial position of the overhead Sun at the start of the specified cycle.
The cycle begins at the March Equinox (approx. March 21), when the Sun is overhead at the Equator (0∘0^\circ) heading into the Northern Hemisphere.
The question prompt specifies starting at the March equinox with the subsolar point moving northward.
2
Determine the northernmost limit of the overhead Sun.
Three months later (approx. June 21), the Sun reaches its maximum northern latitude at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5∘N23.5^\circ\text{N}).
Earth's axial tilt of 23.5∘23.5^\circ defines the maximum latitude where the Sun can be directly overhead at noon.
3
Trace the overhead Sun's retreat back across the Equator.
Three months after the June solstice (approx. September 23), the Sun crosses the Equator again, moving southward.
This event is the Autumnal Equinox.
4
Identify the southernmost limit of the overhead Sun.
Three months after the September equinox (approx. December 22), the Sun reaches its maximum southern latitude at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5∘S23.5^\circ\text{S}).
This event marks the December (Winter) Solstice before the Sun begins moving back north toward the Equator.

Anahtar Kavram

Seasonal migration of the subsolar point due to Earth's axial tilt and revolution
Soru 3797Soru →

A live transmission of an event originates from London, located on the Greenwich Meridian (0∘0^\circ), at 3:00 p.m. GMT. If a listener in Town X tunes in to the live broadcast at 8:00 p.m. local time on the same day, what is the longitude of Town X?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 75∘E75^\circ\text{E}

Cevap

75∘E75^\circ\text{E}
The time difference between Town X (8:00 p.m.8:00\text{ p.m.}) and Greenwich (3:00 p.m.3:00\text{ p.m.}) is 5 hours. Because the Earth rotates 15∘15^\circ every hour, a 5-hour difference equals 5×15∘=75∘5 \times 15^\circ = 75^\circ of longitude. Since Town X is ahead of Greenwich time, it lies in the Eastern Hemisphere, making the longitude 75∘E75^\circ\text{E}.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the time difference between Town X and London (0∘0^\circ).
8:00 p.m.−3:00 p.m.=5 hours8:00\text{ p.m.} - 3:00\text{ p.m.} = 5\text{ hours}
Determining the total solar time separation between the two locations.
2
Convert the time difference into longitudinal degrees using the Earth's rotation rate (15∘15^\circ per hour).
5 hours×15∘/hour=75∘5\text{ hours} \times 15^\circ/\text{hour} = 75^\circ
The Earth completes a 360∘360^\circ rotation in 24 hours, which equals 15∘15^\circ per hour.
3
Determine the direction (East or West) based on whether local time is ahead or behind GMT.
Town X time (8:00 p.m.8:00\text{ p.m.}) is ahead of GMT (3:00 p.m.3:00\text{ p.m.}), so Town X is located to the East.
Places to the east of the Prime Meridian experience sunrise and local noon earlier than places to the west ('East gain, West lose').

Anahtar Kavram

Calculating Longitude from Local Time Difference and GMT
Soru 3798Soru →

Match each Nigerian mineral or energy resource on the left with its primary deposit location or associated power generation site on the right.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

Bitumen (Tar Sands)
Lead and Zinc
Hydroelectric Power (Jebba Dam)
Limestone

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Bitumen matches Agbabu (Ondo State); Lead and Zinc match Abakaliki (Ebonyi State); Hydroelectric Power (Jebba Dam) matches River Niger (Kwara State); Limestone matches Ewekoro (Ogun) and Gboko (Benue).
Each listed resource correctly aligns with its primary location in Nigeria: Bitumen tar sands are found in Agbabu (Ondo State); Lead and Zinc ore deposits occur around Abakaliki (Ebonyi State); Jebba Hydroelectric Power Plant is situated on the River Niger; and industrial limestone quarries operate at Ewekoro and Gboko.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the geographical distribution of major solid mineral and energy sites across Nigeria.
Bitumen is located in Agbabu, Lead/Zinc in Abakaliki, Jebba Dam on the River Niger, and Limestone in Ewekoro and Gboko.
Matching each resource requires knowledge of specific industrial and mineral belts in Nigeria.
2
Pair each resource on the left with its corresponding deposit site or river location on the right.
Left item 1 pairs with Right item 1; Left item 2 pairs with Right item 2; Left item 3 pairs with Right item 3; Left item 4 pairs with Right item 4.
Aligning each economic resource with its primary production hub completes the match.

Anahtar Kavram

Geographical location of key mineral deposits and energy generation plants in Nigeria
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 3799Soru →

Which of the following physical factors is primarily responsible for the high population density observed on the Jos Plateau in Nigeria?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Cooler highland temperatures and freedom from tsetse flies

Cevap

Cooler highland temperatures and freedom from tsetse flies
High population density on the Jos Plateau is primarily sustained by its high altitude, which yields a cooler temperate climate and creates an environment free of tsetse flies, making the region highly suitable for dense human habitation and cattle rearing.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze physical environment factors influencing human settlement on the Jos Plateau.
Identified high altitude resulting in temperate climatic conditions and disease vector reduction.
Altitude reduces ambient temperature and eliminates vectors like tsetse flies that cause trypanosomiasis.
2
Evaluate how these physical conditions affect population concentration.
The favorable health environment and temperate weather attract high population density relative to surrounding lowlands.
Physical health conditions and climate directly control regional carrying capacity and human settlement.

Anahtar Kavram

Physical factors affecting population distribution and density
Soru 3800Soru →

Commercial tree crops such as rubber and oil palm are densely cultivated in southern Nigerian states like Edo, Delta, and Cross River, but are absent as major commercial crops in northern Nigeria. Which environmental factor primarily accounts for this regional restriction?

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Cevap: Insufficient annual rainfall and an extended dry season

Cevap

Insufficient annual rainfall and an extended dry season in northern Nigeria limit the commercial growth of humid rainforest tree crops such as rubber and oil palm.
Oil palm and rubber are indigenous to humid tropical rainforest environments. They require heavy annual rainfall (1,500 mm to 3,000 mm) evenly distributed throughout the year. Northern Nigeria experiences low annual precipitation and an extended dry season lasting five to eight months, making large-scale commercial cultivation of these tree crops ecologically impossible without massive irrigation.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the ecological requirements of rubber and oil palm.
Rubber and oil palm are tropical tree crops requiring warm temperatures, high humidity, and abundant annual precipitation exceeding 1,500 to 2,000 mm.
Plantation cash crops depend heavily on continuous moisture availability to support year-round vegetative and reproductive growth.
2
Analyze the climatic gradient of Nigeria from South to North.
Rainfall decreases progressively northward, dropping from over 2,500 mm along the southern coast to under 700 mm in the northern Sahel/Sudan belts, accompanied by a longer dry season.
The movement of the Inter-Tropical Discontinuity (ITD) dictates moisture availability across latitudinal zones in Nigeria.
3
Evaluate the choices against climatic constraints.
The acute moisture deficit and prolonged dry season in the north prevent the commercial viability of rain-forest cash crops.
Moisture supply is the principal limiting factor distinguishing southern tree crop zones from northern grain/groundnut belts.

Anahtar Kavram

Climatic controls and ecological zonation of crop production in Nigeria
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
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