Grammatical Structure

902 soru

Soru 61Soru

Consider the sentence below:
"The governing council recommended that the bursar ________ from office while the financial audit is ongoing."

Which verb form correctly completes the sentence?

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Cevap: be suspended

Cevap

The correct form to complete the sentence is 'be suspended'.
The verb 'recommended' in the main clause mandates the use of the mandative subjunctive mood in the subordinate clause. In English grammar, the subjunctive after verbs of suggestion, demand, or recommendation requires the base form of the verb (in passive voice, 'be' + past participle), making 'be suspended' the only grammatically appropriate choice.

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1
Identify the governing verb in the main clause
The main verb is 'recommended', which is a verb of mandate/suggestion.
Verbs like 'recommend', 'demand', 'insist', and 'propose' introduce a subordinate clause requiring the mandative subjunctive.
2
Determine the required mood and verb structure for the subordinate clause
The subordinate clause must use the base form of the verb (uninflected bare infinitive) regardless of the subject singular/plural status or the main verb's tense.
Mandative subjunctive structures demand the base form of the auxiliary ('be' + past participle for passive voice).
3
Select the verb option matching the passive base-form subjunctive structure
'be suspended' matches the pattern [base form 'be' + past participle 'suspended'].
Forms like 'was suspended', 'is suspended', or 'has been suspended' introduce indicative inflections that violate subjunctive grammar.

Anahtar Kavram

Mandative Subjunctive Mood with Verbs of Recommendation
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 62Soru

The legal counsel maintained that the proposed amendment to the banking regulation was distinctly prejudicial _____ the operating licenses of microfinance institutions. Which preposition correctly completes the sentence?

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Cevap: to

Cevap

The preposition 'to' correctly completes the sentence because the formal adjective 'prejudicial' takes the fixed preposition 'to' when specifying the target of harm or detriment.
The adjective 'prejudicial' collocates specifically with the preposition 'to' (meaning causing harm or detriment to something). Therefore, 'prejudicial to' is the only grammatically correct structure.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the head word requiring a dependent preposition.
The controlling word in the sentence is the formal adjective 'prejudicial'.
Adjectives in formal English often require specific, fixed dependent prepositions.
2
Determine the correct prepositional collocation for 'prejudicial'.
The standard idiomatic collocation is 'prejudicial to'.
Although synonyms like 'harmful' can take 'to' or 'for', 'prejudicial' strictly collocates with 'to' in administrative and legal register contexts.

Anahtar Kavram

Dependent Prepositions with Formal Adjectives
Soru 63Soru

The principal praised the students and congratulated them ______ their exceptional performance in the national debate competition. Which preposition correctly completes the sentence?

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Cevap: on

Cevap

The preposition 'on' correctly completes the sentence.
The verb 'congratulate' standardly governs the preposition 'on' when introducing the accomplishment or event being celebrated.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the main verb governing the blank space
The target verb is 'congratulated'.
Specific English verbs require fixed dependent prepositions.
2
Determine the correct dependent preposition required by 'congratulate'
The verb 'congratulate' strictly takes 'on' when indicating the reason for praise or celebration.
Standard grammatical convention establishes the pattern 'congratulate someone ON something'.

Anahtar Kavram

Dependent Prepositions and Verb-Preposition Collocations
Soru 64Soru

Every student in the science laboratories _____ required to wear safety goggles during experiments. Which verb form correctly completes the sentence to maintain proper subject-verb agreement?

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Cevap: is

Cevap

The singular verb 'is' correctly completes the sentence.
The sentence subject is 'Every student', which is singular and requires the singular verb 'is'. Intervening plural nouns within prepositional phrases do not change the subject from singular to plural.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the true subject of the sentence.
The subject is 'Every student', which is grammatically singular.
Nouns qualified by 'every' or 'each' always take a singular verb.
2
Analyze intervening phrases.
The phrase 'in the science laboratories' is a prepositional phrase acting as a modifier.
The object of a preposition ('laboratories') does not control the agreement of the main verb.
3
Select the verb form that provides proper singular concord.
'is' is the appropriate singular present-tense verb.
A singular head subject requires a singular verb.

Anahtar Kavram

Subject-Verb Agreement with 'Every' and Intervening Prepositional Phrases
Tahmini Süre:45s
Soru 65Soru

Consider the following sentence: 'The recently published reports on environmental degradation in the coastal region caused widespread alarm among local community members.' Which word serves as the head noun of the subject noun phrase?

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Cevap: reports

Cevap

The word 'reports' is the head noun of the subject noun phrase.
The term 'reports' is the head noun of the subject noun phrase 'The recently published reports on environmental degradation in the coastal region'. It receives pre-modification from the participle phrase 'recently published' and post-modification from the prepositional phrase 'on environmental degradation in the coastal region'.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Isolate the complete subject noun phrase
The subject phrase is 'The recently published reports on environmental degradation in the coastal region'.
Everything preceding the main verb 'caused' forms the complete subject of the sentence.
2
Analyze the modifiers within the subject noun phrase
'The recently published' acts as a pre-modifier, while 'on environmental degradation in the coastal region' is a post-modifying prepositional phrase.
Identifying modifiers helps isolate the core element that cannot be omitted without changing the core syntactic identity of the phrase.
3
Identify the primary noun (headword) that governs the phrase
The core noun being modified is 'reports'.
The noun 'reports' dictates plural concord and carries the primary syntactic weight of the subject.

Anahtar Kavram

Identification of the Head Noun in Complex Noun Phrases
Soru 66Soru

The board of directors agreed that the revised executive remuneration package must be strictly ______ the appointee's professional experience and track record. Which prepositional construction correctly completes the sentence above?

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Cevap: commensurate with

Cevap

The phrase 'commensurate with' correctly completes the sentence because the adjective 'commensurate' idiomatically takes the dependent preposition 'with' when indicating that something is corresponding in size, degree, or proportion.
In standard formal English, the adjective 'commensurate' (meaning corresponding in size, extent, or degree) takes the fixed dependent preposition 'with'. Therefore, 'commensurate with' is the grammatically appropriate prepositional combination.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the head adjective requiring a prepositional complement in the sentence stem.
The target adjective is 'commensurate'.
Adjectives in formal English often require specific dependent prepositions to complete their meaning accurately.
2
Determine the correct dependent preposition for 'commensurate' in formal standard English.
The correct dependent preposition is 'with'.
Standard grammatical convention establishes that 'commensurate' collocate with 'with' when describing proportional relationships (e.g., salary commensurate with experience).
3
Evaluate the choices to select the option containing 'commensurate with'.
The option containing 'commensurate with' is selected.
All other prepositions ('to', 'for', 'by') represent non-standard usage or prepositional mismatches.

Anahtar Kavram

Dependent Prepositions and Adjective Collocations
Tahmini Süre:50s
Soru 67Soru

During the community development summit, the council chairman postponed the launch of the new infrastructure project ______ the wishes of the traditional elders.

Which prepositional phrase correctly completes the sentence above?

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Cevap: in deference to

Cevap

The prepositional phrase 'in deference to' correctly completes the sentence to mean acting out of respect for the elders' wishes.
The phrase 'in deference to' is an established English idiom meaning 'out of respect for' or 'in polite submission to'. In formal register, the noun 'deference' requires the preposition 'to' when indicating the person, institution, or wish being respected.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the semantic context of the sentence
The context indicates that the chairman yielded or showed respectful submission to the wishes of the traditional elders.
Identifying the target meaning determines which prepositional phrase is required.
2
Select the fixed prepositional collocation matching the intended meaning
The noun 'deference' strictly collocates with the preposition 'to' to form the multi-word prepositional phrase 'in deference to'.
English grammatical conventions demand specific complement prepositions for formal abstract nouns.

Anahtar Kavram

Fixed Prepositional Phrases and Noun-Preposition Collocations
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 68Soru

During the senate hearing, the constitutional lawyer argued that the executive order issued by the governor was directly subversive _____ the statutory powers reserved exclusively for the legislature.

Which of the following prepositions correctly completes the sentence?

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Cevap: of

Cevap

The correct preposition is 'of'.
In standard formal English, the adjective 'subversive' takes the dependent preposition 'of' when denoting an action, law, or policy that tends to subvert or weaken authority.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the target head word preceding the blank space.
The target word is the formal adjective 'subversive'.
Specific adjectives in English mandate fixed dependent prepositions to complete their prepositional phrase complement.
2
Determine the standard dependent preposition required by 'subversive'.
The adjective 'subversive' takes the preposition 'of' in standard usage.
Standard legal and formal English conventions prescribe the construction 'subversive of' (meaning tending to overthrow or destroy).
3
Insert the selected preposition into the sentence to verify grammatical correctness and meaning.
'...was directly subversive of the statutory powers...'
The preposition 'of' correctly forms the prepositional phrase requirement for 'subversive'.

Anahtar Kavram

Dependent Prepositions following Formal Adjectives
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 69Soru

The series of public lectures on renewable energy, in addition to the hands-on laboratory sessions, _______ slated to commence at nine o'clock tomorrow morning. Which option correctly completes the sentence to maintain proper grammatical concord?

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Cevap: is

Cevap

The correct option is 'is'.
The subject of the sentence is the singular head noun phrase 'The series'. Expressions introduced by 'in addition to' are parenthetical and do not alter the grammatical number of the subject. Therefore, the singular verb 'is' is required.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the true head noun of the sentence subject.
The head noun is 'series', which is a singular noun in this context.
Prepositional phrases such as 'of public lectures on renewable energy' modify the head noun but do not change its grammatical number.
2
Evaluate quasi-conjunctions and parenthetical additions.
The phrase 'in addition to the hands-on laboratory sessions' is parenthetical.
Parenthetical expressions introduced by 'in addition to', 'along with', or 'as well as' do not pluralize the subject.
3
Select the verb form matching the singular subject and temporal context.
The singular present-tense verb 'is' agrees with 'series' and fits 'tomorrow morning'.
Singular subjects require singular verbs according to standard rules of grammatical concord.

Anahtar Kavram

Subject-Verb Concord with Intervening Prepositional Phrases and Quasi-Conjunctions
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 70Soru

The board assured the newly appointed managing director that his remuneration package would be fully commensurate _____ his qualifications and extensive executive experience. Which preposition correctly completes the sentence?

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Cevap: with

Cevap

The preposition 'with' correctly completes the sentence.
The adjective 'commensurate' idiomatically collocates with the preposition 'with' when denoting proportion or equivalence.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the head adjective requiring a dependent preposition in the sentence context.
The target adjective is 'commensurate'.
Certain adjectives in English standard usage strictly govern specific prepositions.
2
Select the correct dependent preposition that collocates with 'commensurate'.
'Commensurate' pairs with 'with'.
The fixed grammatical construction 'commensurate with' means corresponding in size, extent, or degree.

Anahtar Kavram

Dependent Prepositions and Adjective Collocations
Tahmini Süre:50s
Soru 71Soru

While assessing the damaged eighteenth-century manuscript, the chief archivist remarked that the conservation team __________ controlled the humidity levels in the vault to prevent deterioration. Which of the following options correctly completes the sentence to express an unfulfilled past obligation?

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Cevap: ought to have

Cevap

The phrase 'ought to have' correctly completes the sentence to express a past duty or obligation that was not fulfilled.
The option 'ought to have' is correct because the semi-modal verb structure 'ought to have + past participle' expresses a past obligation or expected duty that was not carried out.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the intended communicative function in the context
The context describes a past action (controlling vault humidity) that was required but neglected, leading to manuscript damage.
Recognizing the functional requirement narrows down the appropriate grammatical structure needed to express an unfulfilled past obligation.
2
Analyze the structural rules for past modal obligation
An unfulfilled past obligation is expressed using 'should have' or 'ought to have' + past participle.
The semi-modal 'ought' requires the to-infinitive construction ('ought to have + past participle').
3
Evaluate the choices for morphological and syntactic correctness
'Ought to have' is grammatically sound, whereas inflecting 'ought' as 'oughted', adding 'to' after 'must', or combining 'might can' violate modal verb syntax.
Modal verbs do not take tense inflections or combine with other modals in Standard English.

Anahtar Kavram

Expressing Unfulfilled Past Obligation using Modal Auxiliaries
Soru 72Soru

Read the sentence below carefully:

"Every one of the senior analysts who reviewed the complex financial statements maintained that _____ analysis was completely accurate."

Which pronoun correctly completes the sentence in strict accordance with standard formal rules of pronoun-antecedent agreement?

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Cevap: his

Cevap

The possessive pronoun 'his' correctly completes the sentence by maintaining singular grammatical agreement with the antecedent 'Every one'.
The sentence requires a singular possessive pronoun because the grammatical antecedent is the singular indefinite expression 'Every one'. In formal written English assessed by JAMB, singular indefinite antecedents take singular possessive pronouns regardless of intervening plural modifiers.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the true subject/antecedent of the main clause.
The core antecedent is the indefinite pronoun phrase 'Every one', which is grammatically singular.
Intervening prepositional phrases like 'of the senior analysts' and relative clauses like 'who reviewed...' modify the head noun but do not change its singular grammatical number.
2
Determine the required grammatical case and number for the pronoun slot.
The slot modifies the noun 'analysis', requiring a singular possessive determiner.
A possessive pronoun is needed to indicate ownership of the noun 'analysis'.
3
Select the option that satisfies formal singular possessive agreement.
The word 'his' is the standard formal singular possessive pronoun.
Formal JAMB English requires singular pronouns ('his' or 'his or her') to agree with singular indefinite antecedents such as 'every one', 'each', or 'everyone'.

Anahtar Kavram

Indefinite Pronoun Concord with Intervening Prepositional Modifiers
Soru 73Soru

Complete the sentence below by filling in the blank with the correct form of the word.

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

The museum curator inspected the fragile ancient parchment very before placing it into the climate-controlled casing.
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Cevap

carefully
The blank modifies the main verb 'inspected', indicating the manner in which the action was carried out. An adverb of manner ('carefully') is grammatically required to modify a verb.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the word being modified in the sentence.
The word being modified is the verb 'inspected'.
An adverb is required to modify a verb and describe how the action was performed.
2
Form the appropriate adverb of manner from the root adjective 'careful'.
The adverb form is 'carefully'.
Adding the suffix '-ly' to the adjective 'careful' creates the manner adverb 'carefully'.

Anahtar Kavram

Adverbs of manner modifying verbs
Soru 74Soru

Which of the following options correctly completes the sentence below?

"The fleet of cargo vessels, along with three naval escorts that were anchored near the harbor, _____ scheduled to depart before dawn."

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Cevap: is

Cevap

The correct option is 'is' because the true subject of the sentence is the singular noun phrase 'The fleet', which requires a singular verb.
The sentence features a singular collective head noun, 'fleet'. Expressions introduced by prepositional phrases such as 'along with three naval escorts' are parenthetical additions and do not make the subject compound or plural. Therefore, the singular verb 'is' is required.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the true grammatical subject of the clause.
The head noun of the subject phrase is 'fleet', which is singular.
Phrases introduced by quasi-conjunctions or prepositions like 'along with', 'as well as', or 'together with' are parenthetical and do not alter the number of the subject.
2
Disregard intervening plural modifiers.
The plural nouns 'vessels' and 'escorts' inside the prepositional and relative clauses are object complements, not the subject.
Verbs must agree with their main subject, not with nearby modifying nouns (avoiding the error of proximity).
3
Select the singular verb form that satisfies concord.
The singular verb 'is' correctly pairs with 'The fleet'.
Singular subjects demand singular verbs in present indicative constructions.

Anahtar Kavram

Subject-Verb Agreement with Parenthetical Phrases
Soru 75Soru

Consider the following statement in direct speech: "We are visiting the historical museum tomorrow," the teacher announced to the class. What is the correct reported speech form of this sentence?

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Cevap: The teacher announced to the class that they were visiting the historical museum the following day.

Cevap

The teacher announced to the class that they were visiting the historical museum the following day.
The correct indirect speech form properly converts the reporting clause by changing the pronoun 'we' to 'they', shifting the present continuous verb 'are visiting' back to the past continuous 'were visiting', and converting the time adverbial 'tomorrow' to 'the following day'.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the reporting verb and its tense
The reporting verb 'announced' is in the simple past tense, requiring backshift of the reported clause.
When the main clause reporting verb is in the past tense, tenses, pronouns, and time adverbs in the reported speech must shift back accordingly.
2
Shift the verb tense and pronouns
The present continuous verb 'are visiting' shifts back to the past continuous 'were visiting', and 'we' shifts to 'they'.
Direct speech in the present continuous tense changes to past continuous tense in reported speech.
3
Convert the temporal adverbial
'tomorrow' becomes 'the following day' (or 'the next day').
Time indicators must shift relative to the point of reporting in past contexts.

Anahtar Kavram

Backshift of Tense and Adverbial Changes in Reported Speech
Soru 76Soru

Consider the following sentence regarding a legislative review: 'The committee members expressed deep regret, wishing that the parliamentary council ________ the environmental protection bill before the ecological damage became irreversible.' Which of the options correctly completes the sentence?

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Cevap: had enacted

Cevap

had enacted
When expressing a wish or regret about a past action that did not occur, English grammar requires the past perfect tense ('had' + past participle) in the subordinate clause. Therefore, 'had enacted' correctly conveys that the council failed to pass the bill in the past before the damage took place.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the main clause and matrix verb context
The main verb 'wished' (expressed by 'wishing that') is in the past tense and refers to a past situation.
The temporal frame established in the sentence refers to a completed past event before ecological damage occurred.
2
Determine the required grammatical aspect for a past counterfactual wish
When expressing regret or an unrealized wish about a past event, the verb in the subordinate clause following 'wish' must be in the past perfect tense (had + past participle).
The past perfect shifts the time reference further back to indicate counterfactuality in past time.
3
Select the verb form matching the past perfect structure
'had enacted' is the correct past perfect form.
It satisfies both the syntactic constraint of the subjunctive wish construction and the aspectual requirement for past time.

Anahtar Kavram

Unreal Past and Subjunctive Mood in Wish Clauses
Soru 77Soru

While analyzing the quarterly financial records, which of the following sentences logically connects the introductory modifying phrase to its subject without creating a dangling modifier?

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Cevap: While analyzing the quarterly financial records, the auditor discovered several calculation discrepancies.

Cevap

The sentence that correctly places the subject 'the auditor' immediately following the introductory participial phrase is grammatically correct.
The correct option places the logical agent ('the auditor') immediately after the modifying phrase, establishing a clear and grammatically sound relationship between the action of analyzing and the person doing it.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the introductory modifying phrase and the action it describes.
The phrase 'While analyzing the quarterly financial records' describes an action that must be performed by a person (an agent).
Participial phrases at the start of a sentence must modify the subject of the main clause.
2
Examine the subject of the main clause in each option to ensure logical alignment.
In the correct sentence, 'the auditor' is the main subject, which logically performs the action of analyzing.
Non-human nouns such as 'discrepancies', 'spreadsheet', or 'ledger' cannot analyze records.

Anahtar Kavram

Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
Tahmini Süre:45s
Soru 78Soru

In the sentence, 'The heavy rainstorm severely damaged the newly renovated roof of the community center yesterday afternoon,' which word functions as the head noun of the bolded noun phrase?

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Cevap: roof

Cevap

The word 'roof' is the correct head noun of the specified noun phrase.
The noun 'roof' serves as the head noun (headword) of the noun phrase. The words preceding it ('the newly renovated') function as pre-modifiers, while the prepositional phrase following it ('of the community center') acts as a post-modifier identifying which roof was damaged.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the structure of the bolded noun phrase: 'the newly renovated roof of the community center'.
Identify pre-modifiers ('the newly renovated') and post-modifiers ('of the community center').
Determining the modifier boundaries isolates the central noun being described.
2
Identify the primary element that carries the core syntactic meaning of the noun phrase.
The core noun is 'roof', as the entire phrase refers to a specific roof.
The head noun dictates the fundamental meaning and syntactic status of the phrase within the main clause.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying the head noun in complex noun phrases
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 79Soru

Supply the appropriate past-tense auxiliary verb ('was' or 'were') for each blank in the sentence below to fulfill the requirements of grammatical concord.

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

Although more than one architect consulted regarding the structural renovation, three-quarters of the blueprints found to contain critical engineering flaws.
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Cevap

The first blank requires the singular auxiliary verb 'was' and the second blank requires the plural auxiliary verb 'were'.
The correct response places 'was' in the first blank and 'were' in the second blank. 'Was' is correct for the first blank because the expression 'more than one' modifying a singular countable noun ('architect') demands a singular verb. 'Were' is correct for the second blank because fractional quantifiers ('three-quarters of') take a verb that agrees with the head noun of the prepositional phrase ('blueprints'), which is plural.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the subject and appropriate verb form for the first blank.
The subject is 'more than one architect'. Grammatical concord specifies that the noun phrase 'more than one' followed by a singular countable noun takes a singular verb.
Although the semantic meaning implies multiple architects, formal syntactic concord is governed by the singular head noun 'architect', requiring 'was'.
2
Determine the subject and appropriate verb form for the second blank.
The subject phrase is 'three-quarters of the blueprints'. Concord for fractional or percentage expressions is determined by the noun following 'of'.
Because 'blueprints' is a plural countable noun, the fractional expression 'three-quarters of the blueprints' requires the plural verb 'were'.

Anahtar Kavram

Subject-Verb Concord with 'More than one' and Fractional Expressions
Soru 80Soru

Which option correctly completes the sentence below?

"Scarcely had the chief executive officer presented the annual financial report ______ the board members raised critical objections regarding the budget allocation."

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Cevap: when

Cevap

The option 'when' correctly completes the correlative structure 'scarcely... when'.
In standard English grammar, negative and restrictive adverbs such as 'scarcely', 'hardly', and 'barely' place the auxiliary verb before the subject when fronted, and must be followed by the subordinating conjunction 'when' to introduce the subsequent clause.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the introductory negative/restrictive adverb and sentence structure
The sentence begins with the restrictive adverb 'Scarcely', followed by auxiliary inversion ('had the chief executive officer presented').
Recognizing the initial inverted clause determines the required correlative conjunction pattern.
2
Determine the appropriate correlative pair
'Scarcely' pairs obligatorily with 'when' (or 'before' in rare usage, though 'when' is standard in UTME assessment).
Correlative conjunctions for negative adverbials follow strict pairing rules: 'No sooner... than', 'Scarcely / Hardly / Barely... when'.
3
Evaluate options against grammar rules
The word 'when' fits the required correlative formula perfectly.
Using 'than' misapplies the rule for 'no sooner', while 'that' creates a structural error.

Anahtar Kavram

Correlative Conjunctions with Inverted Adverbial Clauses
Tahmini Süre:50s
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Grammatical Structure Alıştırma Soruları — JAMB UTME — Sayfa 4 | Examkin