For a symphony orchestra to be world-class, it must either receive substantial government subsidies or possess an immense private endowment. Any orchestra operating in a nation with a strictly privatized arts sector receives no government subsidies. The Philharmonia Orchestra operates in a nation with a strictly privatized arts sector, yet it lacks an immense private endowment. Therefore, the Philharmonia Orchestra is not a world-class symphony orchestra.
Which of the following arguments is most similar in its logical structure to the argument above?
- To receive a coveted culinary star, a restaurant must either employ a formally trained head chef or exclusively use hyper-local ingredients. Any restaurant located within a major international airport is unable to employ a formally trained head chef. The Brasserie operates within a major international airport and does not use hyper-local ingredients. Thus, The Brasserie will not receive a coveted culinary star.Cevap
- BFor a classical musician to reach the virtuoso level, they must practice daily or possess absolute pitch. Any musician trained at the conservatory practices daily. Sarah was trained at the conservatory and possesses absolute pitch. Thus, Sarah will reach the virtuoso level.
- CTo achieve energy independence, a country must either invest heavily in solar power or discover new geothermal reserves. Any country in the far northern latitudes cannot effectively invest in solar power. Arland is not in the far northern latitudes and has not discovered new geothermal reserves. Therefore, Arland will not achieve energy independence.
- DMost critically acclaimed novels rely on either complex character development or non-linear timelines. Any novel written by a first-time author struggles with complex character development. The new book by Smith is by a first-time author and uses a linear timeline. Thus, it will not be critically acclaimed.
- ETo be classified as a habitable exoplanet, a world must possess a liquid water ocean and have a protective magnetic field. Any planet orbiting a red dwarf star lacks a protective magnetic field. Kepler-9 is orbiting a red dwarf star. Therefore, Kepler-9 cannot be classified as a habitable exoplanet.
Cevap
The argument about a restaurant receiving a coveted culinary star perfectly mirrors the logical structure of the stimulus.
The correct answer accurately mirrors the complex valid deductive structure of the stimulus: it outlines a goal that requires at least one of two conditions (A -> B or C), provides a rule that eliminates the first condition for a specific category (D -> ~B), places a specific entity in that category while also stating it lacks the second condition (Entity E is D and ~C), and validly concludes the entity cannot achieve the goal (Therefore, ~A).
Adım Adım Çözüm
Anahtar Kavram
Parallel Valid Structure (Disjunctive Necessary Conditions and Modus Tollens)
Tahmini Süre:2m 30s