Any fossilized skeleton classified as a Spinosaurid must exhibit elongated neural spines. In turn, any fossilized skeleton exhibiting elongated neural spines belonged to an animal adapted to a semi-aquatic environment. Thus, if a fossilized skeleton did not belong to an animal adapted to a semi-aquatic environment, it cannot be classified as a Spinosaurid.
Which one of the following arguments exhibits a logical structure most similar to that of the argument above?
- Any painting definitively attributed to the anonymous Venetian master must feature genuine lapis lazuli pigment. Furthermore, any painting featuring genuine lapis lazuli pigment was created after the Eastern trade routes were established. Consequently, if a painting was not created after the Eastern trade routes were established, it cannot be definitively attributed to the anonymous Venetian master.Cevap
- BAny fossilized skeleton found in the Morrison Formation must date to the late Jurassic period. Furthermore, any fossilized skeleton dating to the late Jurassic period is highly prized by private collectors. Therefore, if a fossilized skeleton is highly prized by private collectors, it must have been found in the Morrison Formation.
- CAny plant species that thrives in highly alkaline soil must possess an extensive taproot system. Moreover, any plant species possessing an extensive taproot system requires very little surface watering. Thus, if a plant species does not thrive in highly alkaline soil, it does not require very little surface watering.
- DSome encryption algorithms capable of securing military communications require massive computational resources. Additionally, any algorithm requiring massive computational resources generates significant heat during operation. Hence, if an encryption algorithm does not generate significant heat during operation, it is not capable of securing military communications.
- EAny red giant star will eventually shed its outer atmospheric layers into space. Similarly, any main-sequence star with a mass comparable to our Sun will eventually shed its outer atmospheric layers into space. Therefore, if a star is a red giant, it must have a mass comparable to our Sun.
Cevap
The argument concerning the Venetian master's paintings accurately mirrors the logical structure of the stimulus.
The correct answer accurately mirrors the structural logic of the stimulus. It establishes a chain of necessary conditions (If A then B, if B then C) and concludes with the valid contrapositive of that entire chain (Therefore, if not C then not A). Both the quantifier strength ('Any/All') and modal certainty ('must/cannot') match perfectly.
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Parallel Valid Structure