Tüm alıştırma soruları

3881 soru

Soru 2481Soru →

After performing open tracheostomy suctioning on a client diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of the sputum, a registered nurse prepares to leave the negative-pressure isolation room. Arrange the following steps for removing personal protective equipment (PPE) in the proper chronological sequence.

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Cevap

The correct sequence is: Remove gloves, remove face shield, remove gown, exit the room, and finally remove the N95 respirator.
The standard sequence for doffing personal protective equipment follows an alphabetical mnemonic: Gloves, Goggles (Face Shield), Gown, and Mask (Respirator). Furthermore, for a client on airborne precautions, the respirator must be removed only after exiting the negative-pressure room and closing the door.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Remove the gloves.
The most contaminated items are removed first.
Prevents cross-contamination of the face, hair, and uniform during the remainder of the doffing process.
2
Remove the face shield.
Eye protection is safely removed by touching only the clean back strap.
The front of the shield is contaminated; it must be removed before the gown to avoid contaminating the face with the gown.
3
Untie and remove the gown.
The gown is rolled inside-out and discarded in the room.
The gown is removed before exiting to ensure contact pathogens are contained within the isolation environment.
4
Exit the negative-pressure room.
The nurse transitions to a clean environment.
The door must be closed to maintain the negative-pressure seal before respiratory protection is compromised.
5
Remove the N95 respirator.
The final piece of PPE is safely removed.
Airborne precautions dictate that respiratory protection must remain in place until the nurse is entirely out of the contaminated airspace.

Anahtar Kavram

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Doffing Sequence and Airborne Precautions
Soru 2482Soru →

Upon arriving for the evening shift on a neuromedical unit, a float nurse listens to the recorded handoff report. Which of the following clients must the nurse assess first?

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Cevap: A client with myasthenia gravis who has developed a weak cough and new difficulty swallowing fluids

Cevap

The client with myasthenia gravis who has developed a weak cough and difficulty swallowing fluids requires immediate assessment.
The correct answer identifies a client with myasthenia gravis who is experiencing new-onset bulbar muscle weakness, evidenced by a weak cough and difficulty swallowing. This is an acute, life-threatening finding that indicates an impending myasthenic crisis and potential respiratory failure. According to the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) prioritization framework, this client's airway and breathing are at immediate risk and require emergency assessment and intervention.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze each client's condition to determine if the clinical findings are expected (chronic/stable) or unexpected (acute/unstable).
The myasthenia gravis client has acute, unexpected findings. The other three clients exhibit expected disease manifestations or known procedural complications.
Prioritization requires identifying which client is experiencing an acute physiological deterioration.
2
Apply the Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) prioritization framework to the acute findings.
The myasthenia gravis client's weak cough and dysphagia represent an immediate threat to the airway and breathing.
Airway compromise is the most critical physiological need and must always be addressed first according to the ABC framework.
3
Select the client with the most critical, life-threatening condition.
The client with myasthenia gravis is the highest priority.
Impending myasthenic crisis requires emergency assessment to prevent respiratory failure.

Anahtar Kavram

Applying the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework to prioritize acute neurological changes over expected chronic findings.
Soru 2483Soru →

An oncology nurse is preparing to admit a newly diagnosed client who speaks a language different from the nurse. The client's adult child accompanies them and insists on acting as the sole interpreter. The child privately asks the nurse not to reveal the terminal nature of the illness to the client, stating, "In our culture, knowing you are dying destroys hope and brings death faster." Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrate appropriate ethical practice? (Select all that apply)

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Cevap: Ask the client directly, utilizing a facility-approved interpreter, how much medical information they wish to receive.; Inform the adult child that hospital policy and ethical guidelines require the use of a neutral, professional interpreter for medical discussions.; Validate the adult child's concern for their parent's well-being while explaining the ethical obligation to truth-telling.

Cevap

The ethically appropriate actions are to ask the client directly via an approved interpreter about their information preferences, inform the family that a professional interpreter is required for medical discussions, and validate the family's concerns while explaining the obligation to truth-telling.
Upholding the ethical principles of autonomy and veracity requires the healthcare team to ensure the client receives accurate information about their condition if they desire it. The nurse must first assess the client's own preferences for information disclosure using a neutral, facility-approved interpreter, because family members may alter or withhold medical details. Additionally, validating the family's emotional distress and protective intentions maintains a therapeutic relationship while allowing the nurse to gently explain the ethical and legal requirements of informed consent.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary ethical principles in conflict.
The nurse must balance the principles of autonomy (client's right to know) and veracity (truth-telling) against the family's cultural beliefs and desire for nonmaleficence (avoiding harm).
Ethical dilemmas require analyzing competing values to ensure the client's fundamental rights are prioritized.
2
Determine the appropriate communication strategy regarding language barriers.
The nurse must secure a facility-approved, neutral interpreter rather than using the adult child.
Family members may intentionally or unintentionally mistranslate complex medical information, compromising the client's right to informed consent.
3
Evaluate the family's request against the individual client's rights.
The nurse cannot assume the client shares the child's cultural desire to withhold information; the nurse must assess the client's personal preferences directly.
Applying a cultural generalization to an individual without assessment constitutes stereotyping and paternalism.
4
Select interventions that maintain therapeutic boundaries while upholding ethics.
The nurse must validate the family's feelings empathetically but firmly explain the ethical and legal boundaries regarding truth-telling.
Therapeutic communication preserves trust and collaboration, even when the healthcare team cannot comply with a family's request.

Anahtar Kavram

Ethical principles of autonomy, veracity, and the appropriate use of medical interpreters in cross-cultural care.
Soru 2484Soru →

A nurse is preparing to assist a client with a bed bath and a complete linen change. The client is currently receiving continuous enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. Which action is the most important for the nurse to take to prevent a severe injury or adverse event during this care?

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Cevap: Pause the continuous enteral feeding pump before lowering the head of the bed.

Cevap

Pause the continuous enteral feeding pump before lowering the head of the bed.
Lowering the head of the bed while a continuous enteral feeding is infusing significantly increases the risk of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs. Pausing the feeding before repositioning the client flat is the critical, immediate safety intervention required to prevent aspiration pneumonia, a severe and potentially life-threatening complication.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary safety hazard in the scenario.
The client is receiving continuous enteral feedings, which carries a high risk of pulmonary aspiration if gastric contents reflux.
Recognizing the mechanism of potential injury is the first step in clinical prevention.
2
Determine the effect of the planned procedure on this hazard.
A bed bath and linen change require lowering the head of the bed to safely turn the client side-to-side.
Proper body mechanics and patient handling require a flat surface, which conflicts with standard enteral feeding precautions (keeping the head elevated).
3
Select the nursing intervention that eliminates or mitigates the risk.
Pausing the feeding pump stops the flow of formula, preventing the stomach from overfilling while the client is supine.
This action directly removes the source of the aspiration risk during the necessary positional change.

Anahtar Kavram

Aspiration Prevention during Enteral Feeding
Soru 2485Soru →

A float nurse is assigned to care for several clients with infectious conditions on a medical-surgical unit. Which actions by the float nurse demonstrate adherence to appropriate infection control protocols? (Select all that apply)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Placing a standard surgical mask on a client with active mumps during transfer to the radiology department.; Donning a gown, gloves, and a face shield prior to performing tracheostomy suctioning on a client with no known infections.; Dedicating a reusable stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to remain strictly inside the room of a client diagnosed with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).

Cevap

The correct actions are placing a surgical mask on a client with mumps during transport, donning a gown, gloves, and face shield for tracheostomy suctioning, and dedicating reusable equipment for a client with VRE.
The correct actions reflect an accurate application of standard, droplet, and contact precautions. A client on droplet precautions must wear a surgical mask during transport to contain secretions. Tracheostomy suctioning poses a high splash risk, requiring comprehensive PPE even for clients without known infections under standard precautions. Finally, clients on contact precautions for drug-resistant organisms must have dedicated reusable medical equipment to prevent cross-contamination.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the transport requirement for the client with mumps.
Identifies that mumps is spread via droplets, requiring the client to wear a surgical mask outside the room.
To contain respiratory secretions at the source and protect unaffected individuals in hallways or diagnostic areas.
2
Analyze the PPE requirements for tracheostomy suctioning based on standard precautions.
Determines that a gown, gloves, and face shield are necessary.
Suctioning is an aerosol-generating procedure that poses a high risk for splashing bodily fluids, regardless of isolation status.
3
Assess the equipment protocol for a client with VRE.
Identifies that VRE requires contact precautions with dedicated room equipment.
Leaving reusable equipment in the room prevents fomite transmission of the drug-resistant pathogen to other clients.
4
Review the incorrect interventions related to doffing, hand hygiene, and cohorting.
Recognizes improper doffing of an N95 respirator inside an airborne room, inadequate hand hygiene for spore-forming organisms, and unsafe cohorting of different pathogens.
These actions directly violate evidence-based infection control guidelines and increase transmission risk.

Anahtar Kavram

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
Soru 2486Soru →

A nurse is coordinating the discharge plan for a client who is recovering from a total laryngectomy with a new permanent tracheostomy and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Which actions should the nurse include in the interdisciplinary care plan? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Consult the speech-language pathologist to evaluate swallowing function and develop alternative communication strategies.; Coordinate with the medical social worker to arrange home delivery of necessary tracheostomy and enteral feeding supplies.; Schedule a session with the respiratory therapist to reinforce proper airway clearance and suctioning techniques with the family.

Cevap

The correct actions involve consulting the speech-language pathologist for communication strategies, coordinating with the medical social worker for home supplies, and scheduling the respiratory therapist to reinforce airway clearance techniques.
A client with a total laryngectomy and PEG tube requires complex multidisciplinary care. The speech-language pathologist is essential for establishing alternative communication methods and evaluating swallowing. The medical social worker or case manager is responsible for coordinating community resources and securing home medical equipment. The respiratory therapist provides specialized education on managing the permanent tracheostomy and suctioning techniques.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's clinical situation and anticipated discharge needs.
The client has a permanent airway alteration and nutritional support needs requiring complex, multidisciplinary interventions.
Identifying specific deficits and care requirements determines which specialized team members are essential for safe discharge.
2
Match the client's specific needs with the appropriate interdisciplinary team members' scope of practice.
Speech-language pathology is needed for communication and swallowing, respiratory therapy for airway care, and social work for home resources.
Appropriate interprofessional collaboration ensures all aspects of the client's transition to home are safely managed.
3
Evaluate the remaining options against safety, delegation, and therapeutic communication principles.
Options involving inappropriate delegation to UAP, non-therapeutic reassurance, and delayed prioritization of airway issues are rejected.
Nurses must maintain safe delegation boundaries and prioritize physiological needs while providing holistic, therapeutic care.

Anahtar Kavram

Effective interdisciplinary collaboration ensures comprehensive care for clients with complex physiological and psychosocial needs during transitions of care.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 2487Soru →

A local weather station issues a severe tornado warning, and the hospital's internal emergency response plan is immediately activated. A nurse is working on a medical-surgical unit with exterior-facing windows. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to protect clients? Select all that apply.

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Cevap: Close the window blinds and heavy drapes in all client rooms.; Move bedbound clients as far away from windows as possible and cover them with blankets.; Direct ambulatory clients into interior hallways or windowless rooms.

Cevap

The nurse should close window blinds and drapes, move bedbound clients away from windows while covering them with blankets, and direct ambulatory clients to interior hallways.
The correct actions focus on immediate physical protection from flying glass and debris, which are the primary hazards during a tornado. Closing drapes, moving non-ambulatory clients away from exterior walls while covering them, and sheltering ambulatory clients in windowless interior hallways are standard, evidence-based severe weather safety protocols.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the scenario to identify the specific type of emergency.
The emergency is an internal threat involving severe weather (a tornado).
Different emergencies require distinct protocols. A tornado dictates a shelter-in-place response to protect from structural damage and debris.
2
Evaluate each potential intervention based on standard severe weather safety protocols.
Closing blinds, moving beds away from windows, covering clients, and relocating ambulatory clients to interior spaces are correct actions.
These actions directly minimize client exposure to shattered glass and wind-borne debris.
3
Identify and eliminate contraindicated or unsafe actions.
Opening windows, delegating assessments to UAP, and tagging current inpatients are incorrect.
These actions violate safety guidelines, legal delegation boundaries, and disaster triage protocols.

Anahtar Kavram

Internal Emergency Response Plan: Severe Weather
Soru 2488Soru →

A pediatric emergency nurse is assigned to care for four newly admitted clients. Arrange the order in which the nurse should evaluate these clients, from highest priority (first) to lowest priority (last).

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Cevap

First: The 4-year-old with drooling and stridor (Airway). Second: The 6-month-old with tachycardia and diaphoresis (Circulation). Third: The 9-year-old with severe sickle cell pain (Acute Pain). Last: The 7-year-old with a closed fracture and normal capillary refill (Stable/Localized).
Based on the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) prioritization framework, the nurse must first evaluate the client with impending airway obstruction (stridor, drooling). The second priority is the client with circulatory compromise (infant with heart failure signs). The third priority is addressing the severe acute pain of the client with a vaso-occlusive crisis. The final priority is the client with a localized, hemodynamically stable fracture.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify any immediate threats to the airway or breathing.
The 4-year-old with drooling and stridor is experiencing an impending airway obstruction, a first-level priority.
Airway compromise leads to rapid respiratory failure and death. This client must be seen first.
2
Evaluate remaining clients for systemic circulatory threats.
The 6-month-old infant is exhibiting tachycardia (190 beats/minute) and diaphoresis, which are critical signs of decreased cardiac output and heart failure.
Circulatory collapse is the next most immediate threat to life after airway and breathing are secured.
3
Assess the remaining clients for acute distress or severe pain.
The 9-year-old is experiencing severe pain (8/10) from a vaso-occlusive crisis.
Acute pain is a high priority that requires prompt intervention, but it does not immediately threaten physiological survival in the same way as airway or circulatory collapse.
4
Identify clients with localized, stable, or expected findings.
The 7-year-old has a localized closed fracture with normal sensation and capillary refill (2 seconds).
Because neurovascular status is intact and the injury is localized, this client is physiologically stable and can safely wait while higher acuity clients are treated.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization using the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework and physiological stability
Soru 2489Soru →

While conducting hourly rounds, a nurse enters a client's room and observes smoke and small flames coming from an electrical outlet behind the bed. The client is bedbound and receiving supplemental oxygen. Arrange the following emergency actions in the order the nurse should perform them.

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Cevap

The correct sequence follows the RACE protocol: Rescue the client, Alarm the facility, Confine the fire, and Extinguish the fire.
The correct sequence strictly adheres to the standard RACE protocol for fire emergencies: Rescue (remove clients in immediate danger), Alarm (activate the fire alarm), Confine (close doors and windows), and Extinguish (use a fire extinguisher if safe). Turning off the oxygen during the rescue phase is vital because oxygen heavily accelerates combustion.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Ensure the immediate safety of the client.
The oxygen is turned off and the client is moved out of the room.
Life safety of those in immediate danger is always the absolute highest priority in any emergency situation.
2
Alert the facility to the emergency.
The fire alarm is activated.
Notifying emergency personnel and other staff ensures a coordinated response and early arrival of the fire department.
3
Contain the hazard.
The client's room door is closed.
Closing doors drastically slows the spread of fire and toxic smoke to adjacent rooms and hallways.
4
Address the fire if possible.
A fire extinguisher is used.
Suppressing the fire is the final step, performed only when it is safe to do so without compromising the prior three life-safety steps.

Anahtar Kavram

Fire Emergency Response (RACE Protocol)
Soru 2490Soru →

A school nurse assesses an 8-year-old student who arrives at the clinic during winter wearing unseasonably thin, torn clothing. While being evaluated, the student tearfully states, 'My parents make me sleep on the cold basement floor as a punishment, but please do not tell anyone.' The nurse suspects child neglect and abuse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take regarding the student's request for privacy?

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Cevap: Explain to the student that nurses are legally required to share this information with child protective services.

Cevap

Explain to the student that nurses are legally required to share this information with child protective services.
The correct answer emphasizes that confidentiality is not absolute in nursing practice. Under the law, nurses are mandatory reporters of suspected child abuse and neglect. The nurse must explain to the child that this information cannot be kept secret because it must be reported to the appropriate child protective agency to ensure the child's safety.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the student's clinical presentation and statements.
The student's inadequate clothing for winter and statements about sleeping on a cold basement floor indicate a high suspicion of child neglect and abuse.
To identify the legal and clinical implications of the scenario.
2
Evaluate the student's request for confidentiality against nursing legal responsibilities.
Child abuse reporting is a specific legal exception to the general rule of client confidentiality.
To determine if the nurse can legally honor the student's request for privacy.
3
Determine the appropriate and legally required intervention.
The nurse must breach confidentiality to report the suspected abuse while communicating honestly with the child about this process.
To comply with mandatory reporting laws and protect the vulnerable child from further harm.

Anahtar Kavram

Mandatory Reporting Exceptions to Confidentiality
Soru 2491Soru →

A registered nurse (RN) is supervising an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) on a medical-surgical unit. The RN walks into a client's room and observes the UAP using an unsafe technique to transfer a client with right-sided hemiparesis from the bed to a wheelchair. In what order should the RN take the following actions? Arrange the actions in the correct sequence from first to last.

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Cevap

The correct sequence of actions prioritizes immediate client safety, followed by client assessment, private feedback, corrective education, and follow-up evaluation.
When supervising delegated tasks, the registered nurse must first ensure client safety by immediately intervening in unsafe situations. Once the client is physically secure, a nursing assessment is performed to rule out injuries. After client safety and stability are confirmed, the nurse addresses the staff member's performance privately to maintain professionalism. The nurse then provides corrective education and completes the supervision process by evaluating the staff member's future competency.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Intervene to complete the transfer safely.
The client is protected from immediate physical harm.
Immediate action is required to prevent a fall or injury when an unsafe situation is observed.
2
Assess the client for injuries.
The client's physical status is verified.
The nursing process requires assessment to identify any harm that may have occurred during the unsafe movement.
3
Discuss the event privately with the UAP.
Constructive feedback is initiated appropriately.
Feedback should be given in private to maintain a professional environment and protect the dignity of the UAP.
4
Demonstrate the correct transfer technique.
The UAP receives the necessary education to correct their practice.
Effective supervision includes providing teaching and clear expectations for future performance.
5
Observe the UAP during a future transfer.
The UAP's competency is verified.
The delegation and supervision process requires evaluation to ensure that corrective education was effective and safe practice is maintained.

Anahtar Kavram

Delegation and Supervision: Correcting Unsafe Practice
Soru 2492Soru →

The charge nurse is reviewing transmission-based precautions for four newly admitted clients. Match each client's clinical presentation to the appropriate isolation protocol required for their care.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

A client presenting with fever, nuchal rigidity, and suspected Neisseria meningitidis infection.
A client presenting with fever, coryza, and a maculopapular rash suggestive of rubeola.
A client with profuse, watery diarrhea who recently completed a prolonged course of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
A client with a heavily draining sacral pressure ulcer colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Neisseria meningitidis matches with Droplet Precautions; rubeola (measles) matches with Airborne Precautions; post-antibiotic diarrhea (C. diff) matches with Contact Enteric Precautions (soap and water); VRE matches with Standard Contact Precautions (alcohol-based rub).
The correct pairings accurately reflect the specific pathogen transmission routes and their corresponding infection control requirements. Meningitis is spread by large droplets, requiring a standard surgical mask. Measles is airborne, requiring an N95 mask and an isolation room. Suspected C. diff requires contact precautions with a mandatory modification for soap and water handwashing because its spores resist alcohol. Finally, VRE requires contact precautions but can safely be managed with standard alcohol-based hand hygiene.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary mode of transmission for Neisseria meningitidis.
It is transmitted via large respiratory droplets, necessitating Droplet Precautions.
Large droplets do not travel far, so a standard surgical mask is sufficient when close to the client.
2
Identify the primary mode of transmission for rubeola (measles).
It is transmitted via small airborne particles, necessitating Airborne Precautions.
Small particles remain suspended in the air, requiring a negative-pressure room and a specialized N95 respirator.
3
Evaluate the clinical presentation of the client with post-antibiotic diarrhea.
The presentation is highly suspicious for Clostridioides difficile, which requires Contact Enteric Precautions.
C. diff spores are not eradicated by alcohol; therefore, mechanical removal using soap and water is essential.
4
Determine the required precautions for a draining wound colonized with VRE.
VRE requires standard Contact Precautions.
VRE is spread by contact, but unlike C. diff, it is effectively killed by standard alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

Anahtar Kavram

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 2493Soru →

An adult client is admitted to the psychiatric emergency service exhibiting severe, unprovoked physical aggression. After multiple de-escalation techniques prove ineffective, four-point physical restraints are applied to protect the client and staff. Which action by the nursing team aligns with national standards for the use of behavioral restraints?

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Cevap: Verifying that the healthcare provider conducts a face-to-face evaluation and renews the prescription every 4 hours

Cevap

Verifying that the healthcare provider conducts a face-to-face evaluation and renews the prescription every 4 hours.
For clients requiring restraints due to violent or self-destructive behavior, national guidelines (such as those by CMS and The Joint Commission) mandate strict time limits. For adults 18 years and older, the healthcare provider must conduct a face-to-face evaluation and renew the prescription every 4 hours. This ensures the client's safety, dignity, and immediate release as soon as the violent behavior subsides.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the restraint classification and client demographics.
The restraints are being used to manage violent, self-destructive behavior in an adult client (18 years or older).
Behavioral restraints have much stricter legal and regulatory time limits compared to non-violent medical-surgical restraints.
2
Recall the legal time limits for violent behavioral restraint orders.
For adults, behavioral restraint prescriptions must be renewed by a healthcare provider every 4 hours, which requires an in-person face-to-face evaluation.
These strict intervals prevent prolonged, unnecessary use of severe restrictive measures and ensure continuous medical oversight.
3
Evaluate the remaining options against standard safety and delegation protocols.
The other options describe illegal PRN usage, improper delegation of nursing assessment, and unsafe physical application methods.
Identifying these common safety violations confirms the correct regulatory protocol.

Anahtar Kavram

Safety and Legal Regulations for Behavioral Restraints
Soru 2494Soru →

During a shift on a specialized orthopedic trauma unit, a nurse evaluates the clinical status of several clients. Which client presentation dictates the need for the most immediate clinical intervention?

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Cevap: A client with a closed pelvic fracture who is exhibiting new-onset restlessness and a heart rate of 118 beats/min.

Cevap

The client with a closed pelvic fracture who is exhibiting new-onset restlessness and a heart rate of 118 beats/min.
The client with a pelvic fracture is exhibiting restlessness and tachycardia, which are classic early signs of hypovolemic shock. Because the pelvis is highly vascular, fractures in this area can cause massive occult internal bleeding. According to the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework, establishing hemodynamic stability for this client is the most urgent clinical priority.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical presentation of each client to differentiate between expected post-injury/postoperative findings and acute deterioration.
Three clients have stable or expected findings (mild fever, spasms, normal capillary refill), while one client has signs of a potential systemic complication (restlessness, tachycardia).
Prioritization requires identifying the client with the most unstable or life-threatening condition.
2
Apply the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) prioritization framework to the most unstable client.
The client with a pelvic fracture demonstrates acute circulatory compromise (tachycardia) and altered cerebral perfusion (restlessness).
The ABC framework dictates that circulatory emergencies, such as impending hypovolemic shock from a highly vascular pelvic fracture, take absolute precedence over expected postoperative symptoms.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization using the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework to identify early signs of hypovolemic shock in high-risk trauma clients.
Soru 2495Soru →

A client presents to the emergency department triage desk reporting a 3-day history of low-grade fever, malaise, and a newly erupted, itchy vesicular rash starting on the trunk and spreading to the extremities. The client states they have never had chickenpox or received the varicella vaccine. All airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs) in the department are currently occupied. What is the most appropriate immediate infection control intervention by the nurse?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Place a standard surgical mask on the client and isolate them in a standard private room with the door closed.

Cevap

Place a standard surgical mask on the client and isolate them in a standard private room with the door closed.
The client is presenting with classic signs of primary varicella (chickenpox), which necessitates Airborne and Contact Precautions. Because an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) is unavailable, the immediate priority is to provide source control and limit environmental exposure. According to standard infection control guidelines, the client should be given a standard surgical mask and placed in a standard private room with the door closed until an AIIR is available. The mask traps infectious particles at the source, and the closed door prevents contaminated air from freely entering the corridor.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the suspected pathogen and required precautions based on the clinical presentation.
The symptoms (fever, vesicular rash starting on the trunk) and lack of immunity indicate primary varicella (chickenpox), which requires Airborne and Contact Precautions.
Accurate clinical identification dictates the necessary level of isolation.
2
Determine the ideal environmental control for Airborne Precautions.
An Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) with negative air pressure is strictly required for this pathogen.
Negative pressure prevents infectious droplet nuclei from escaping into adjacent hallways.
3
Apply CDC contingency guidelines when an AIIR is unavailable.
The client must wear a standard surgical mask to provide source control and be placed in a standard private room with the door closed.
This strategy temporarily contains the infectious particles until proper negative-pressure isolation becomes available.

Anahtar Kavram

Airborne Precautions Contingency Protocol
Soru 2496Soru →

A registered nurse is caring for a client with active pulmonary tuberculosis who is experiencing acute delirium. The client is confused and repeatedly attempts to leave the negative-pressure isolation room to wander in the hallway. Which nursing action is most appropriate to prevent injury and maintain unit safety?

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Cevap: Assign a dedicated staff member to remain continuously inside the client's room while wearing an N95 respirator.

Cevap

Assign a dedicated staff member to remain continuously inside the client's room while wearing an N95 respirator.
The most appropriate intervention is to provide a dedicated staff sitter inside the room. This maintains strict airborne isolation by allowing the door to remain closed while utilizing a less restrictive alternative to physical restraints to ensure the safety of a confused client. The staff member must wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including a fit-tested N95 respirator, to prevent disease transmission.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary safety risks presented by the client.
The client poses a disease transmission risk due to tuberculosis and a personal injury risk due to delirium and wandering.
Recognizing dual risks dictates that the chosen intervention must address both concerns safely.
2
Evaluate interventions for infection control compliance.
The negative-pressure room door must remain closed at all times.
Leaving the door open compromises the negative pressure environment and exposes others in the facility to airborne pathogens.
3
Apply the principle of least restrictive restraints.
A 1:1 sitter is chosen over physical restraints.
Safety guidelines mandate attempting less restrictive alternatives (like a sitter or reorientation) before applying physical restraints to a confused client.
4
Determine appropriate delegation of tasks.
The task of evaluating neurological status is retained by the registered nurse.
Clinical assessment and judgment regarding a client's orientation and agitation level are outside the scope of practice for unlicensed assistive personnel.

Anahtar Kavram

Maintaining a safe environment through strict adherence to airborne precautions, utilizing least restrictive alternatives for confused clients, and applying safe delegation principles.
Soru 2497Soru →

An older adult client admitted with severe pneumonia is exhibiting acute confusion and repeatedly pulling at their peripheral intravenous (IV) line. Arrange the following nursing interventions in the correct order of escalation, from the least restrictive measure to the most restrictive.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence of escalating interventions is: Assess for physiological causes first, implement environmental modifications, conceal the IV site, arrange for a one-to-one sitter, and finally, apply physical restraints.
Client safety protocols require nurses to systematically escalate care using the least restrictive alternatives first. This process always begins with assessing and treating reversible physiological causes of agitation. If confusion persists, nurses employ environmental de-escalation, followed by device camouflage (like a stockinette), and human observation (a sitter). Physical restraints are only legally and ethically permissible as a final resort when all other measures fail.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Assess the client for physiological causes of agitation (e.g., hypoxia).
Identifies or rules out reversible medical conditions.
Per the nursing process, assessment must occur before any intervention. Treating an underlying cause like hypoxia is the most effective way to resolve confusion.
2
Implement environmental modifications (e.g., dim lights).
Decreases sensory overload and promotes a calming environment.
This is the least restrictive behavioral intervention and serves as a foundational comfort measure.
3
Conceal the IV site with a stockinette.
Removes the visual reminder of the medical device.
Out of sight often means out of mind for a confused client. This is a non-restrictive physical alternative to secure the device.
4
Arrange for a one-to-one sitter.
Ensures the client's safety through continuous direct observation.
Direct observation is resource-intensive but highly effective, serving as the final step before restricting a client's physical freedom.
5
Apply soft wrist restraints after obtaining a provider's prescription.
Physically prevents the client's hands from reaching the IV line.
Physical restraints are strictly the intervention of last resort when all other documented alternatives have failed to ensure client safety.

Anahtar Kavram

The standard of care for restraint application requires a stepwise escalation from the least restrictive measures to the most restrictive, beginning always with assessment and treating underlying causes.
Soru 2498Soru →

An occupational health nurse is instructing clinic staff on proper isolation procedures for a client who has been diagnosed with rubella. Which transmission-based precaution interventions should the staff implement? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Place the client in a standard private room.; Wear a standard surgical mask upon entering the client's room.; Apply a standard surgical mask to the client when transfer outside the room is necessary.

Cevap

The correct interventions are placing the client in a standard private room, wearing a standard surgical mask upon entry, and applying a surgical mask to the client during transport.
Rubella (German measles) is transmitted via large respiratory droplets, requiring droplet precautions. Appropriate interventions include placing the client in a standard private room, wearing a surgical mask upon entry, and applying a surgical mask to the client if they must leave the room. Standard precautions, including routine hand hygiene with either alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water, also apply.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the mode of transmission for the diagnosed pathogen.
Rubella (German measles) is transmitted via large respiratory droplets.
Determining the transmission route is necessary to select the correct tier of isolation precautions.
2
Determine the appropriate isolation category based on transmission.
Droplet precautions are required.
Pathogens spread by large droplets that travel short distances require droplet precautions.
3
Select interventions that align with droplet precautions.
Selected a private room, staff use of surgical masks, and patient masking during transport.
These actions block the transmission of large droplets from the respiratory tract.

Anahtar Kavram

Rubella requires droplet precautions, which involve source control (patient masking during transport), spatial separation (private room), and staff PPE (surgical mask).
Soru 2499Soru →

Match each ethical principle to the nursing action that best demonstrates its clinical application.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

Fidelity
Veracity
Justice
Nonmaleficence

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Fidelity pairs with honoring a commitment to return at 1400. Veracity pairs with providing accurate terminal diagnosis information. Justice pairs with allocating telemetry monitors based on acuity. Nonmaleficence pairs with questioning a dangerous opioid prescription.
The correct pairings accurately reflect foundational ethical principles. Fidelity is demonstrated by keeping a promised timeline for a client's video call. Veracity involves telling the truth, seen when answering a competent client honestly about a diagnosis. Justice requires the fair allocation of resources, which the charge nurse accomplishes using acuity criteria for monitors. Nonmaleficence mandates doing no harm, which is upheld by questioning a potentially dangerous medication order for a sedated client.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze each clinical scenario to determine the primary ethical concern driving the nurse's behavior.
Identified themes of promise-keeping, truth-telling, fair resource distribution, and harm prevention.
Understanding the underlying motivation of each action allows for accurate pairing with theoretical principles.
2
Match Fidelity and Veracity to their respective communication-based actions.
Fidelity is linked to keeping the promised 1400 appointment; Veracity is linked to honestly answering the client's questions about their prognosis.
Fidelity dictates keeping one's word, while veracity specifically governs the obligation to tell the truth.
3
Match Justice and Nonmaleficence to their respective care-delivery actions.
Justice is linked to the fair distribution of telemetry monitors; Nonmaleficence is linked to intervening to stop an unsafe opioid dose.
Justice ensures equitable treatment across a population, whereas nonmaleficence focuses on protecting individual clients from harm.

Anahtar Kavram

Application of Core Ethical Principles in Nursing Practice
Soru 2500Soru →

A nursing team consisting of a registered nurse (RN) and a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN) is preparing to begin their shift on a busy urology and general surgery floor. After receiving the handoff report, the RN must coordinate the client assignments.

Which client is most appropriate for the RN to assign to the LPN/VN?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: A client who underwent an open appendectomy three days ago and requires a scheduled sterile abdominal dressing change.

Cevap

The client who underwent an open appendectomy three days ago and requires a scheduled sterile abdominal dressing change.
The correct assignment pairs a stable client who has predictable outcomes with a standard procedural task. A client who is three days post-appendectomy is generally stable, and performing a routine sterile dressing change falls safely and directly within the established scope of practice for an LPN/VN.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client status in each option to determine if they are considered stable or unstable.
The appendectomy client is stable. The post-prostatectomy client is newly postoperative and unstable. The nephrectomy client requires initial teaching. The urosepsis client is hemodynamically unstable.
LPN/VNs should only be assigned clients with stable conditions and predictable outcomes.
2
Evaluate the specific task required for each client against the RN and LPN/VN scope of practice.
Initial postoperative assessments and initial patient teaching cannot be delegated. Complex care for unstable clients must remain with the RN. Sterile dressing changes are an expected competency within the LPN/VN scope.
The RN cannot delegate tasks involving the core nursing process, including comprehensive assessment, planning, evaluation, and initial teaching.
3
Select the option that appropriately matches a stable client with a task suitable for the LPN/VN scope of practice.
The client requiring a routine sterile dressing change three days after an appendectomy is the only appropriate and safe assignment.
This assignment adheres strictly to the legal and professional principles of safe delegation.

Anahtar Kavram

Delegation of care to an LPN/VN requires assigning stable clients with predictable outcomes while the RN retains tasks involving initial assessment, clinical judgment, and initial teaching.
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