Tüm alıştırma soruları

3881 soru

Soru 1541Soru →

While making morning rounds on the pediatric unit, the nurse encounters a frustrated parent. The parent's 8-year-old child, who was admitted yesterday for acute respiratory distress, has wet the hospital bed overnight despite being completely toilet trained for several years. The parent asks, "Why is my child acting like a baby again?" What is the most therapeutic response by the nurse?

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Cevap: Children often return to earlier behaviors when hospitalized due to the stress of the illness.

Cevap

The correct response educates the parent that the child is experiencing regression, a common and temporary defense mechanism used to cope with the severe stress and anxiety of hospitalization.
The correct statement accurately identifies the child's behavior as regression, an adaptive but temporary defense mechanism where an individual reverts to an earlier developmental stage to cope with severe stress or anxiety. By explaining this to the parent factually and empathetically, the nurse provides therapeutic education and reduces parental frustration.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical scenario and the child's behavior.
An 8-year-old child is exhibiting bedwetting (loss of a previously mastered skill) during a stressful hospitalization.
Identifying the underlying psychosocial concept helps recognize that the child is using the defense mechanism of regression to cope with acute anxiety.
2
Evaluate the nursing responses based on therapeutic communication principles.
The nurse must provide accurate educational information while validating the parent's concern, without being judgmental or dismissive.
Therapeutic communication builds trust, reduces parental anxiety, and helps the family understand normal coping mechanisms.

Anahtar Kavram

Regression as a Coping Mechanism in Pediatrics
Soru 1542Soru →

During the admission process of a 72-year-old client, the nurse gathers data through various physical examination methods. Which of the following practices reflect appropriate execution and interpretation of the physical assessment? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Applying the bell of the stethoscope lightly against the skin to auscultate for carotid bruits; Depressing the skin 1 to 2 centimeters (0.4 to 0.8 inches) to evaluate for areas of superficial tenderness

Cevap

The correct practices are applying the bell of the stethoscope lightly to auscultate for carotid bruits and depressing the skin 1 to 2 centimeters to evaluate for superficial tenderness.
The correct assessment techniques include using the bell of the stethoscope lightly to auscultate for low-pitched sounds (like bruits) and utilizing light palpation (depressing 1 to 2 centimeters) to accurately assess for superficial tenderness. These methods ensure precise data collection without altering the physical findings or causing unnecessary client discomfort.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the action regarding stethoscope use.
Applying the bell lightly for bruits is recognized as correct.
The bell is used for low-pitched sounds and requires light pressure to function effectively.
2
Evaluate the action regarding palpation depth.
Depressing 1 to 2 cm for superficial tenderness is recognized as correct.
This is the established standard for light palpation technique across most body systems.
3
Assess the abdominal examination sequence.
Palpating before auscultation is identified as incorrect.
Abdominal assessment must follow the sequence of inspect, auscultate, percuss, and palpate to avoid altering bowel sounds.
4
Review the delegation of the initial assessment.
Delegating the initial skin assessment to a UAP is identified as incorrect.
The RN cannot delegate any initial assessment or clinical judgment to unlicensed personnel.
5
Consider the interpretation of the client's confusion.
Attributing sudden confusion to normal aging is identified as incorrect.
Acute confusion is a hallmark sign of underlying pathology (such as delirium), not a normal age-related change.

Anahtar Kavram

Correct execution of physical examination techniques, including appropriate instrument use, examination sequencing, and clinical interpretation of findings.
Soru 1543Soru →

A community health nurse is establishing a care plan for a family caring for a 10-year-old child with severe autism spectrum disorder and new-onset seizure disorder. The parents report profound exhaustion, social isolation, and escalating conflict with their 14-year-old neurotypical child. Which nursing interventions demonstrate a comprehensive approach to optimizing this family's support system? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Assist the parents in constructing an ecomap to visually identify existing social relationships and areas of resource deficit.; Facilitate a referral for the 14-year-old to a sibling support program specifically designed for families of children with complex medical needs.; Guide the parents through the process of applying for state-funded community respite care services to provide scheduled relief.

Cevap

The nurse should assist the family in constructing an ecomap, facilitate a referral for the sibling to a support program, and guide the parents in applying for respite care services.
Effective support system management for families with complex, chronically ill children requires a multi-faceted approach. This includes advanced assessment (ecomapping) to visualize resource deficits, targeted support for vulnerable family members (sibling support programs), and concrete community interventions (respite care) to prevent caregiver burnout.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical scenario and the family's current state.
The family is experiencing profound exhaustion, social isolation, and sibling conflict due to the complex care needs of a 10-year-old with autism and seizures.
Identifying the core stressors (burnout, isolation, sibling strain) dictates the necessary areas for support system intervention.
2
Evaluate the assessment tools available for support systems.
Constructing an ecomap is identified as a proactive, collaborative method to visualize the family's relationship with external support systems.
Ecomaps help families explicitly see where their energy is going and where they are lacking external community support.
3
Address the specific needs of the neurotypical sibling.
A referral to a targeted sibling support program is selected over assigning caregiving tasks.
Siblings require their own age-appropriate support systems to process their unique stressors, rather than being burdened with inappropriate caregiving responsibilities (parentification).
4
Address the parents' profound exhaustion and isolation.
Applying for respite care is selected as a direct intervention.
Tangible relief through respite care is essential to sustain the primary caregivers' physical and mental health, strengthening the overall family system.
5
Eliminate inappropriate or unsafe nursing interventions.
Delegating the assessment to a UAP, offering false reassurance, and assigning medication administration to a minor are discarded.
These actions violate the RN scope of practice, block therapeutic communication, and place inappropriate developmental expectations on a minor, respectively.

Anahtar Kavram

Family Support Systems and Caregiver Strain Mitigation
Soru 1544Soru →

A nurse preceptor is evaluating a graduate nurse's ability to perform physical assessments and interpret clinical findings across a diverse group of clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following documented actions by the graduate nurse indicate a correct application of assessment principles? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Applying the bell of the stethoscope lightly against the skin to auscultate the carotid arteries while the client temporarily holds their breath.; Simultaneously counting the apical and radial pulses for one full minute with the assistance of a second nurse to determine a pulse deficit in a client with atrial fibrillation.; Palpating the posterior chest wall for tactile fremitus using the ulnar surface of the hands while the client repeatedly states the phrase 'ninety-nine'.

Cevap

The correct assessment techniques include auscultating the carotid arteries lightly with the bell while the client holds their breath, simultaneously assessing apical and radial pulses for a pulse deficit, and using the ulnar surface of the hands to palpate for tactile fremitus.
Appropriate physical assessment requires precise instrument use, correct sequencing, and accurate clinical interpretation. The bell of the stethoscope is applied lightly to auscultate low-pitched vascular sounds (bruits). A pulse deficit is measured by simultaneous apical and radial auscultation or palpation for a full minute to detect unperfused heartbeats. Tactile fremitus is correctly palpated using the vibration-sensitive ulnar surface of the hands.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the cardiovascular assessment techniques for proper tool use and methodology.
Using the bell lightly for carotid auscultation correctly identifies bruits without occluding the artery. Assessing a pulse deficit requires simultaneous apical and radial measurement by two nurses for a full minute.
The bell detects low-pitched vascular sounds. Simultaneous pulse measurement ensures an accurate comparison between central cardiac contractions and peripheral perfusion.
2
Evaluate the respiratory assessment technique for anatomical and procedural accuracy.
Palpating for tactile fremitus using the ulnar surface of the hands while the client speaks is correct.
Vibrations from speaking transmit to the chest wall and are best detected by the vibration-sensitive ulnar edge or palmar base of the hands.
3
Identify inappropriate assessment sequences and flawed clinical judgments.
Palpating the abdomen before auscultating, palpating painful areas first, delegating initial assessments to a UAP, and dismissing sudden confusion as normal aging are all incorrect actions.
Premature abdominal palpation alters bowel sounds. Initial assessments require nursing judgment and cannot be delegated. Sudden confusion always indicates acute pathology, not normal aging.

Anahtar Kavram

Comprehensive Physical Assessment Techniques
Soru 1545Soru →

A nurse is caring for a client who has just delivered a stillborn infant at 39 weeks of gestation. The client and their partner are weeping and expressing overwhelming sorrow. Arrange the following nursing interventions in the order they should be implemented to best facilitate the grieving process and provide appropriate care.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

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Cevap

The correct sequence prioritizes immediate therapeutic communication, followed by physical preparation of the infant, facilitating parental bonding, creating tangible memories, and finally providing future-oriented education.
In perinatal loss, nursing care must follow a prioritized progression from immediate emotional support to future-oriented planning. The nurse must first establish trust and validate the loss through direct therapeutic communication. Next, the nurse prepares the infant's body to ensure a peaceful presentation, which minimizes trauma for the parents. Once prepared, offering the parents time to hold their baby is essential for actualizing the loss. Creating tangible mementos follows, providing physical connections for long-term grieving. Finally, providing educational materials and support group information is done last, as the parents cannot cognitively process this information during the initial stage of acute shock.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Acknowledge the loss immediately using clear, direct communication.
Establishes a therapeutic environment and validates the parents' acute grief.
Therapeutic communication is the foundational first step in crisis and grief intervention.
2
Prepare the infant's body by cleansing and swaddling.
Makes the infant presentable for the parents.
Reduces additional psychological trauma by presenting the baby in a peaceful, cared-for state.
3
Offer the parents the opportunity to hold their infant, using the baby's name.
Facilitates actualization of the loss and maternal/paternal bonding.
Seeing and holding the infant is a critical component of the normal grieving process in perinatal loss.
4
Create physical mementos like footprints and photographs.
Provides the parents with tangible evidence of their child's existence.
Memory making is an essential intervention that aids in long-term bereavement, performed after initial holding.
5
Provide discharge education and bereavement support resources.
Equips the parents with support tools for their transition home.
Information requiring cognitive processing must be delayed until the acute shock phase has passed.

Anahtar Kavram

Nursing interventions for perinatal loss must sequentially address immediate emotional validation, physical preparation of the deceased, facilitation of bonding and memory-making, and finally, future-oriented education.
Soru 1546Soru →

A client in the intensive care unit has suffered a catastrophic neurological injury. The clinical assessment reveals an absence of brainstem reflexes, and the healthcare provider is preparing to conduct formal brain death testing. Arrange the following interdisciplinary and nursing actions in the correct chronological sequence to appropriately support the family's grieving process and adhere to organ donation protocols.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

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Cevap

The correct sequence is: Notify the OPO of clinical triggers, support the family during the provider's declaration of brain death, allow the family private time to grieve (decoupling), introduce the designated requester to discuss donation, and finally facilitate bedside rituals while maintaining organ viability.
The correct sequence aligns with evidence-based grief management and federal organ donation protocols. First, the OPO must be notified when clinical triggers are met. Second, the healthcare provider declares brain death while the nurse provides emotional support. Third, the critical step of 'decoupling' requires allowing the family private time to process the death before any donation discussion occurs. Fourth, the specially trained designated requester approaches the family. Finally, the nurse facilitates the family's spiritual rituals and goodbyes while maintaining the client's physiological stability to preserve organ viability.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Notify the OPO of clinical triggers.
The OPO is alerted to a potential organ donor.
Regulatory guidelines require OPO notification before brain death is formally declared to ensure early evaluation without delaying family communication.
2
Support the family during the brain death declaration.
The family receives the tragic news in a supported environment.
The nurse's therapeutic presence is crucial when the provider delivers the life-altering news that the client has legally died.
3
Provide private time for acute grief expression.
The family begins processing the reality of the loss.
Decoupling separates the death notification from the donation request, a vital practice to prevent the family from feeling overwhelmed or pressured.
4
Introduce the designated requester.
The family receives accurate information about donation options in a sensitive manner.
Only specially trained OPO personnel should approach the family for organ donation to ensure empathetic, informed consent.
5
Facilitate rituals while maintaining organ support.
The family's psychosocial needs are met while preserving transplantable organs.
The nurse balances holistic, culturally competent bereavement care with the intensive physiological management required prior to procurement.

Anahtar Kavram

Decoupling and Organ Donation Protocol in End-of-Life Care
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 1547Soru →

An 85-year-old client is admitted to the medical-surgical unit from a skilled nursing facility with generalized weakness and a suspected systemic infection. During the initial evaluation, which action by the registered nurse indicates proper adherence to health assessment standards?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Using light pressure with the bell of the stethoscope over the apical area to detect low-frequency sounds such as an S3 gallop.

Cevap

The nurse correctly demonstrates proper assessment technique by applying the bell of the stethoscope with light pressure to listen for low-frequency cardiovascular sounds.
Using the bell of the stethoscope with light pressure is the correct technique for detecting low-frequency (low-pitched) cardiovascular sounds, such as an S3 gallop, S4, or vascular bruits. If the bell is pressed too firmly against the skin, the underlying tissue is stretched and acts as a diaphragm, which obliterates low-pitched sounds and emphasizes high-pitched sounds.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the technique used for cardiac auscultation.
Identified as appropriate because the bell is intended for low-pitched sounds (e.g., S3, S4, bruits), and light pressure is necessary to prevent the skin from stretching and functioning as a high-frequency diaphragm.
Demonstrates understanding of specialized instrument mechanics during physical assessment.
2
Analyze the abdominal assessment sequence.
Identified as a clinical error because the standard assessment sequence must be altered for the abdomen (auscultating before palpating).
Prevents manual stimulation of the intestines, which would yield inaccurate auscultation findings.
3
Assess the interpretation of the client's cognitive changes.
Identified as a clinical error because acute delirium or sudden disorientation indicates a pathological condition (like a urinary tract infection), not natural aging.
Differentiates normal geriatric physiological adaptations from acute symptoms requiring medical intervention.
4
Review the delegation of the baseline skin assessment.
Identified as inappropriate delegation because all initial assessments require RN-level clinical judgment.
Ensures adherence to the legal scope of practice and safe delegation principles.

Anahtar Kavram

Comprehensive physical assessment requires the correct application of instrument mechanics, adherence to body system-specific procedural sequences, accurate interpretation of findings across the lifespan, and appropriate delegation.
Soru 1548Soru →

A nurse is reviewing behavioral assessments for five clients on a psychiatric and medical-surgical unit. Match each client's clinical presentation (objective cues and verbal statements) to the specific defense mechanism being utilized.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

Objective cue: Client with a terminal illness displays a flat affect. Statement: 'According to the latest oncology journals, the statistical probability of my tumor metastasizing across the blood-brain barrier is exactly 74%.'
Objective cue: Client arrives at the clinic visibly exhausted but meticulously dressed. Statement: 'I absolutely love being the sole caregiver for my paralyzed spouse; it is a profound joy and I never feel burdened or angry!'
Objective cue: Client with a history of deceitful behavior is found hiding restricted items. Statement: 'The nursing staff on this unit are constantly plotting against me and trying to trick me into breaking the rules!'
Objective cue: Client with a history of intense aggressive impulses has had zero violent incidents in two years. Statement: 'I channel all my energy into coaching and competing in a highly disciplined community martial arts league.'
Objective cue: Following a severe physical assault, the vulnerable client stands over a smaller peer. Statement: 'You better do exactly what I say right now, or you're going to regret it,' delivered in the exact tone and posture of their attacker.

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

The correct pairings are: the client focusing on statistics uses Intellectualization; the overly cheerful caregiver uses Reaction Formation; the manipulative client accusing staff uses Projection; the client practicing martial arts uses Sublimation; and the assaulted client mimicking their attacker uses Identification.
Each client scenario clearly demonstrates the defining features of a specific ego defense mechanism used to mitigate anxiety and protect the self-concept. Matching them correctly requires differentiating subtle clinical cues, such as the difference between redirecting an emotion (displacement) versus attributing one's own trait to another (projection), or transforming an unacceptable feeling into its exact opposite (reaction formation).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the clinical cue of the client discussing tumor statistics with a flat affect.
The client relies on logic and data to avoid experiencing the emotional pain of the terminal diagnosis.
This behavioral pattern is the defining characteristic of intellectualization.
2
Evaluate the clinical cue of the visibly exhausted caregiver claiming profound joy.
The client's outward expression of exaggerated positivity is the exact opposite of their underlying stress and potential resentment.
Displaying the direct opposite of a repressed feeling is known as reaction formation.
3
Evaluate the clinical cue of the deceitful client accusing staff of being manipulative.
The client is taking their own unacceptable trait (manipulation) and placing it onto the nurses.
Attributing one's own unacceptable feelings or behaviors to another is the mechanism of projection.
4
Evaluate the clinical cue of the client with violent impulses participating in martial arts.
The client has transformed an unacceptable violent urge into a socially acceptable, disciplined sport.
Channeling unacceptable impulses into constructive activities defines the adaptive mechanism of sublimation.
5
Evaluate the clinical cue of the assaulted client mimicking their attacker's tone and posture.
The client is internalizing and acting out the traits of a feared individual to manage their profound feelings of powerlessness.
This unconscious imitation of a feared person is a specific form of identification (identification with the aggressor).

Anahtar Kavram

Coping Mechanisms (Ego Defense Mechanisms)
Soru 1549Soru →

During a routine cardiovascular check, a nurse needs to evaluate a client for carotid bruits. What is the appropriate method to conduct this evaluation?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Apply the bell of the stethoscope lightly over the artery while instructing the client to temporarily hold their breath.

Cevap

The nurse should lightly apply the bell of the stethoscope over the carotid artery while the client holds their breath.
Evaluating for a carotid bruit requires listening for low-pitched, turbulent blood flow. The bell of the stethoscope is the correct tool for low-pitched sounds, and it must be applied lightly so it does not compress the artery. Asking the client to hold their breath ensures that normal respiratory sounds do not obscure the bruit.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the target sound
A bruit is a low-pitched, blowing sound indicating turbulent blood flow.
Knowing the pitch of the sound determines which part of the stethoscope to use.
2
Select the correct instrument component
Choose the bell of the stethoscope.
The bell is specifically designed to transmit low-pitched sounds, whereas the diaphragm is for high-pitched sounds.
3
Minimize competing noises
Instruct the client to hold their breath during auscultation.
Normal tracheal breath sounds can easily mask the subtle, low-pitched sound of a carotid bruit.

Anahtar Kavram

Instrument selection and technique for vascular assessment
Soru 1550Soru →

A nurse is caring for a postoperative client who is currently receiving a continuous transfusion of packed red blood cells through a 20-gauge peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter. The client reports sudden, severe incisional pain rated 9 on a 0-to-10 pain scale. The healthcare provider has prescribed as-needed intravenous push hydromorphone for severe pain. Which action should the nurse take next?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Establish a second peripheral IV access to administer the hydromorphone

Cevap

Establish a second peripheral IV access to administer the hydromorphone.
Standard intravenous therapy protocols dictate that blood tubing must be dedicated exclusively to blood products and 0.9% sodium chloride. No medications should ever be added to the blood bag, administered through the Y-port, or pushed into the line, even if paused and flushed. Because the client is experiencing severe pain that requires immediate pharmacological intervention, establishing a separate, second peripheral IV site is the safest and most appropriate way to administer the prescribed hydromorphone promptly.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Assess the client's current intravenous access and prescribed therapies.
The client has a single IV line dedicated to an active blood transfusion but requires immediate intravenous pain medication.
To determine if the medication can be safely administered through the existing line.
2
Identify compatibility constraints for blood product administration.
Standard safety protocols state that no medications or solutions other than 0.9% sodium chloride can be administered through blood administration tubing.
Mixing medications with blood products can cause hemolysis, precipitation, or alter the therapeutic effect of the drug.
3
Determine the priority intervention for a client experiencing severe acute pain.
A second IV line must be inserted immediately to provide timely pain relief without interrupting the necessary blood transfusion.
Delaying pain management for a severe pain rating (9/10) is a failure to prioritize an acute physiological need.

Anahtar Kavram

Blood product compatibility and prioritization of safe medication administration
Soru 1551Soru →

Match each therapeutic communication technique with the corresponding example of a nurse's statement.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

Broad opening
Reflecting
Exploring
Clarifying

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Broad opening matches with 'Where would you like to begin our discussion today?'. Reflecting matches with 'You appear tense when discussing your upcoming surgery.'. Exploring matches with 'Please explain more about the pain you are experiencing in your chest.'. Clarifying matches with 'I am not sure I follow what you mean when you say you are feeling lost.'.
The correct matches pair each therapeutic communication technique with its defining clinical example. A broad opening allows the client to steer the conversation. Reflecting highlights the client's observed emotional state. Exploring gathers deeper information on a specific topic. Clarifying ensures mutual understanding of ambiguous statements.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the purpose of a 'Broad opening'.
Matches with 'Where would you like to begin our discussion today?'
Because it gives the client control over the conversation's direction and does not restrict their response.
2
Identify the purpose of 'Reflecting'.
Matches with 'You appear tense when discussing your upcoming surgery.'
Because it acts as a mirror to the client's observed emotions or nonverbal behaviors, encouraging them to expand on their feelings.
3
Identify the purpose of 'Exploring'.
Matches with 'Please explain more about the pain you are experiencing in your chest.'
Because it prompts the client to expand on a specific concern or experience to provide more depth.
4
Identify the purpose of 'Clarifying'.
Matches with 'I am not sure I follow what you mean when you say you are feeling lost.'
Because it specifically seeks to resolve vague, ambiguous, or abstract statements to ensure mutual understanding.

Anahtar Kavram

Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Soru 1552Soru →

A nurse is caring for a client with a pulmonary embolism who requires a continuous IV infusion of heparin. The client's weight is 176 lbs176\text{ lbs}. The healthcare provider prescribes heparin at a rate of 18 units/kg/hr18\text{ units/kg/hr}. The available medication is heparin sodium 25,000 units25,000\text{ units} in 250 mL250\text{ mL} of 0.9%0.9\% sodium chloride. What rate should the nurse program into the infusion pump in mL/hr\text{mL/hr}? Record your answer using one decimal place.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 14.4

Cevap

14.4
The correct infusion rate of 14.4 mL/hr14.4\text{ mL/hr} is achieved by first converting the client's weight to 80 kg80\text{ kg}. Next, the weight is multiplied by the prescribed 18 units/kg/hr18\text{ units/kg/hr} to find an hourly dose of 1,440 units/hr1,440\text{ units/hr}. Finally, since the IV bag concentration is 100 units/mL100\text{ units/mL} (derived from 25,000 units/250 mL25,000\text{ units} / 250\text{ mL}), dividing the hourly dose by the concentration yields the correct pump setting.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms.
176 lbs÷2.2 lbs/kg=80 kg176\text{ lbs} \div 2.2\text{ lbs/kg} = 80\text{ kg}
The medication is prescribed in units per kilogram, requiring a weight conversion to metric units.
2
Calculate the hourly dose of heparin in units.
80 kg×18 units/kg/hr=1,440 units/hr80\text{ kg} \times 18\text{ units/kg/hr} = 1,440\text{ units/hr}
This determines the exact amount of active medication the client needs every hour based on their body weight.
3
Calculate the infusion pump rate in mL/hr.
1,440 units/hr÷100 units/mL=14.4 mL/hr1,440\text{ units/hr} \div 100\text{ units/mL} = 14.4\text{ mL/hr}
The concentration is 25,000 units÷250 mL=100 units/mL25,000\text{ units} \div 250\text{ mL} = 100\text{ units/mL}. Dividing the hourly dose by the concentration provides the volume to be infused per hour.

Anahtar Kavram

Weight-based continuous intravenous infusion calculation
Soru 1553Soru →

An oncology nurse is evaluating a client newly diagnosed with advanced colon cancer. The client states, "I have not told my partner about the diagnosis yet. They struggle with severe anxiety, and hearing this news will completely overwhelm them. I plan to handle my chemotherapy appointments on my own." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Who else in your life might be available to offer you support during your upcoming treatments?

Cevap

The response that asks who else in the client's life might be available to offer support.
The correct response utilizes an open-ended question to assess the client's broader support network. It respects the client's autonomous decision to withhold the diagnosis from their partner for now, while actively addressing the nursing priority: ensuring the client has adequate psychosocial and practical support during a difficult treatment regimen.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's statement to identify the core psychosocial issue.
The client is facing a serious diagnosis and grueling treatment plan without their primary support person (partner) due to concerns about the partner's mental health.
Understanding the client's rationale helps the nurse identify that the client is currently lacking an active, reliable support system for their upcoming treatments.
2
Evaluate the nursing role in relation to support systems and client boundaries.
The nurse must ensure the client has adequate support while respecting their autonomy and confidentiality.
Clients need robust support systems to cope with major illnesses, but the nurse cannot force the client to disclose their diagnosis to a specific person.
3
Select the most therapeutic communication technique to address the deficit.
The nurse should ask an open-ended question to explore alternative sources of support.
This approach validates the client's current situation without judgment, avoids premature interventions, and directly assesses the availability of a broader support network.

Anahtar Kavram

Evaluating and mobilizing client support systems through therapeutic communication.
Tahmini Süre:1m 15s
Soru 1554Soru →

An adult client is admitted to the inpatient behavioral health unit following a severe depressive episode triggered by an unexpected job termination. The client is observed pacing the common area, smiling tightly, and states to the nurse, 'I really do not understand why my family brought me here. I am just on a short sabbatical. My employer is restructuring and will definitely call me back with a promotion soon.' Which response by the nurse is the most therapeutic?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Job changes can be incredibly stressful. I am here if you would like to talk about how you are feeling.

Cevap

The most therapeutic response is to acknowledge the stress of job changes and offer presence, stating, 'Job changes can be incredibly stressful. I am here if you would like to talk about how you are feeling.'
The correct response demonstrates an understanding of the client's use of denial. By stating that job changes are stressful and offering to listen, the nurse uses the therapeutic techniques of 'making an observation' and 'offering self.' This approach validates the underlying emotional pain without aggressively challenging the defense mechanism, allowing the client to feel safe.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the defense mechanism the client is currently exhibiting.
The client's refusal to acknowledge the reality of the job termination indicates they are using denial.
Denial acts as a temporary psychological buffer against overwhelming anxiety or emotional pain.
2
Determine the therapeutic goal when a client is in acute denial.
The nurse should not aggressively confront the denial, nor should they play along with it. The goal is to build trust and gently acknowledge underlying feelings.
Stripping away a defense mechanism before the client has healthier coping strategies in place can cause severe anxiety and psychological distress.
3
Evaluate the nursing responses to find the therapeutic communication technique.
Acknowledging the stress of the situation and offering to listen uses the therapeutic techniques of 'broad openings' and 'offering self' while avoiding confrontation.
This approach keeps the communication lines open and allows the client to process their reality at their own pace.

Anahtar Kavram

Therapeutic Communication in the presence of Maladaptive Coping (Denial)
Soru 1555Soru →

A client who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus tells the clinic nurse, "I will never be able to eat any of my favorite foods again. Having to follow this strict diet is going to ruin my life." Which of the following is the most therapeutic response by the nurse?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: It sounds like you are feeling overwhelmed by the changes you need to make to your diet.

Cevap

It sounds like you are feeling overwhelmed by the changes you need to make to your diet.
The correct response utilizes the therapeutic technique of reflection. By restating and acknowledging the client's feelings of being overwhelmed, the nurse validates the emotional state, demonstrates active empathy, and encourages the client to explore their feelings further without feeling judged.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's statement to identify the underlying emotion.
The client is expressing feelings of being overwhelmed, frustrated, and sad about the dietary restrictions.
Understanding the core emotion is necessary to select a response that validates the client's experience.
2
Evaluate the nursing responses to find the one that reflects and validates the client's emotion without passing judgment.
The statement acknowledging that the client is feeling overwhelmed successfully reflects the emotion and promotes further dialogue.
Therapeutic communication focuses on the client's feelings and avoids conversational blocks like advice, false reassurance, or probing.

Anahtar Kavram

Therapeutic Communication: Reflection and Validation
Soru 1556Soru →

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of 1,0001,000 mL of 0.9%0.9\% sodium chloride to infuse over 88 hours. The nurse should set the IV infusion pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Record answer as a whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)

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Cevap: 125

Cevap

125
To determine the correct setting for an IV infusion pump, the nurse must calculate the hourly rate. This is achieved by dividing the total volume of fluid to be infused (1,0001,000 mL) by the total duration of the infusion in hours (88 hours). Therefore, 1000÷8=1251000 \div 8 = 125 mL/hr.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the given parameters for the infusion.
Total Volume = 1,0001,000 mL; Total Time = 88 hours.
These variables are required to calculate the standard IV pump rate.
2
Apply the IV pump rate formula.
1000 mL8 hours=125 mL/hr\frac{1000 \text{ mL}}{8 \text{ hours}} = 125 \text{ mL/hr}.
IV infusion pumps deliver fluids at an hourly rate, calculated by dividing total volume by total hours.

Anahtar Kavram

Basic intravenous infusion rate calculation for continuous fluids.
Soru 1557Soru →

A nurse is performing a focused respiratory assessment on a client presenting with a mild cough at an outpatient clinic. Arrange the following physical assessment techniques in the correct chronological order for examining the client's posterior thorax.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

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Cevap

The correct sequence for a standard physical assessment of the thorax is: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, and Auscultation.
For all body systems except the abdomen, the standard chronological sequence of physical assessment is inspection, palpation, percussion, and finally auscultation. This methodical approach ensures that visual data is collected first, followed by tactile data and density evaluation, culminating in auditory data. Following this order prevents the premature alteration of physical findings.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the body system being evaluated in the clinical scenario.
The assessment is of the respiratory system, specifically the posterior thorax.
Determining the body system dictates whether the standard assessment sequence or the specialized abdominal sequence is required.
2
Determine the first standard assessment technique.
Inspection is placed first.
Visual observation must always occur before physically touching the client, which could alter the baseline findings.
3
Determine the second assessment technique.
Palpation is placed second.
Physical touch is used to confirm visual findings, assess skin temperature, and feel for vibrations such as tactile fremitus.
4
Determine the third assessment technique.
Percussion is placed third.
Tapping the chest wall evaluates the density of the underlying lung tissue before listening with a stethoscope.
5
Determine the final assessment technique.
Auscultation is placed last.
Listening to breath sounds is the culmination of the standard thorax assessment sequence.

Anahtar Kavram

General Physical Assessment Sequence
Soru 1558Soru →

Following a fatal motor vehicle collision, a trauma nurse is attending to the family of a young adult who did not survive the injuries. Upon receiving the news of the death, the client's mother begins pacing the family counseling room, crying out loudly, and shouting, 'There must be a mistake! He was just with me this morning! This isn't real!' Which of the following is the most appropriate initial nursing action?

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Cevap: Remain quietly in the room to provide a steady, supportive presence while she expresses her emotions.

Cevap

The nurse should remain quietly in the room to provide a steady, supportive presence while the mother expresses her emotions.
In the immediate aftermath of a sudden and traumatic loss, severe shock, denial, and intense emotional outbursts are expected and normal reactions. The most therapeutic initial nursing action is 'offering self' by remaining present. This provides a safe, supportive environment that allows the family member to express their profound distress without feeling judged or abandoned, facilitating the natural onset of the grieving process.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Assess the mother's behavior and statements.
The mother is exhibiting pacing, loud crying, and verbal denial ('There must be a mistake!'), which are expected, normal reactions during the initial shock phase of acute grief.
Accurate assessment of the grief stage guides the selection of the correct therapeutic intervention.
2
Evaluate the nursing priorities for a client in acute situational crisis.
The primary goal is to provide a safe, non-judgmental environment that allows for the open expression of intense emotion.
Emotional expression is a necessary first step in the mourning process following a sudden loss.
3
Select the most therapeutic nursing action from the available choices.
Providing a quiet, supportive presence ('offering self') is chosen over pharmacological sedation, giving false reassurance, or forcing reality.
Offering self facilitates therapeutic communication without blocking the natural defense mechanism of denial.

Anahtar Kavram

Therapeutic Presence During Acute Grief and Loss
Soru 1559Soru →

A client is admitted to the medical-surgical unit after experiencing a sudden loss of vision in the right eye. The client is pacing the room, crying, and states, "I cannot live like this! I will never be able to work again." The nurse recognizes the client is experiencing acute stress. Which of the following nursing interventions are appropriate to promote adaptive coping? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Sit quietly with the client and maintain a calm, unhurried presence.; Encourage the client to express their fears and feelings about the vision loss.; Assist the client in identifying coping strategies that have been successful for them in the past.

Cevap

The appropriate interventions are to sit quietly and maintain a calm presence, encourage the client to express their fears and feelings, and assist the client in identifying previously successful coping strategies.
The correct interventions focus on active listening, establishing a supportive and non-judgmental presence, exploring the client's feelings, and utilizing past effective coping mechanisms. These strategies empower the client and validate their emotional experience, which are essential components of facilitating adaptive coping during a health crisis.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's emotional state and statements to identify acute stress and ineffective coping.
The client is in acute distress and grieving a sudden, significant change in their health status.
Understanding the client's emotional baseline is required to select appropriate psychosocial interventions.
2
Evaluate each potential nursing intervention to determine if it uses therapeutic or non-therapeutic communication.
Therapeutic actions validate feelings and provide support; non-therapeutic actions block communication (e.g., false reassurance, asking 'why', minimizing).
Only therapeutic communication techniques promote the development of adaptive coping mechanisms.
3
Select the interventions that establish trust and empower the client.
Providing a calm presence, encouraging emotional expression, and identifying past successful strategies are selected as the correct therapeutic actions.
These actions directly address the client's acute stress without dismissing their fears.

Anahtar Kavram

Promoting adaptive coping mechanisms through therapeutic communication
Soru 1560Soru →

A registered nurse is conducting a comprehensive physical assessment on a 77-year-old client in a primary care clinic. Which action by the nurse demonstrates the correct execution of assessment techniques?

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Cevap: Applying firm pressure with the diaphragm of the stethoscope to auscultate breath sounds in a side-to-side sequence

Cevap

Applying firm pressure with the diaphragm of the stethoscope to auscultate breath sounds in a side-to-side sequence
The correct physical assessment technique for auscultating the lungs involves using the diaphragm of the stethoscope, which is specifically designed to transmit high-pitched sounds like normal breath sounds. The diaphragm must be pressed firmly against the client's skin to eliminate environmental noise and accurately capture the sounds. Furthermore, the nurse should auscultate in a systematic side-to-side pattern (rather than completing one entire side before the other) to immediately compare symmetry between the right and left lung fields.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the correct application of the stethoscope for a respiratory assessment.
The diaphragm is used for high-pitched breath sounds and requires firm pressure. A side-to-side pattern ensures symmetrical comparison of the lung fields.
This is the fundamental evidence-based technique for assessing pulmonary function.
2
Review the abdominal assessment sequence.
The standard head-to-toe sequence (inspect, palpate, percuss, auscultate) is modified for the abdomen to inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate.
Premature palpation alters bowel sounds, leading to an inaccurate gastrointestinal assessment.
3
Evaluate delegation and age-related physiological changes.
Pulse evaluation is an assessment task that cannot be delegated. A new S3 heart sound is pathological in older adults, not a normal part of aging.
UAPs cannot perform clinical judgments, and nurses must accurately differentiate between expected aging and signs of acute illness like heart failure.

Anahtar Kavram

Techniques of Physical Assessment
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Tüm alıştırma soruları — NCLEX-RN | Examkin