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Zorluk: Çok zorGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

Consider the following statements regarding the anti-untouchability campaign and constructive work undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi in the early 1930s:

1. Following the Poona Pact of 1932, Mahatma Gandhi founded the All India Anti-Untouchability League and launched the weekly publication *Harijan*.
2. Gandhi's 21-day fast in May 1933 was undertaken primarily to protest against the British Government's Communal Award.
3. In November 1933, Mahatma Gandhi embarked on a nationwide 'Harijan Tour' starting from Wardha to campaign against untouchability.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 3 onlyCevap
  2. B
    1 and 2 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Cevap

Statements 1 and 3 are correct, while Statement 2 is incorrect because Mahatma Gandhi's 21-day fast in May 1933 was undertaken for self-purification and the cause of anti-untouchability, not as a protest against the Communal Award (which occurred in September 1932).
The correct answer includes statements 1 and 3. Following the Poona Pact of September 1932, Mahatma Gandhi dedicated himself to the eradication of untouchability, founding the All India Anti-Untouchability League (Harijan Sevak Sangh) and launching the journal *Harijan*. In November 1933, he commenced a massive nationwide 'Harijan Tour' from Wardha. The statement claiming his May 1933 fast was against the Communal Award is wrong, as the fast against the Communal Award took place earlier in September 1932; the 21-day fast in May 1933 was intended for self-purification for the Harijan cause.

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1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding post-Poona Pact organizations and publications.
Statement 1 is correct. After the Poona Pact (September 1932), Gandhi founded the All India Anti-Untouchability League (later renamed Harijan Sevak Sangh) and launched the weekly paper 'Harijan' in February 1933.
This marked the formal expansion of Gandhi's constructive work focused on social reform.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the specific purpose of the May 1933 fast.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Gandhi's fast unto death against the Communal Award's separate electorates took place in September 1932. In contrast, the 21-day fast in May 1933 was for self-purification and to urge workers to dedicate themselves to Harijan service.
It is essential to distinguish between the political fast of September 1932 against separate electorates and the socio-moral fast of May 1933.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the Harijan Tour of 1933.
Statement 3 is correct. Gandhi launched a 9-month nationwide Harijan Tour starting from Wardha on November 7, 1933, traveling over 20,000 km to collect funds for the Harijan Sevak Sangh and eradicate untouchability.
Wardha served as the headquarters for Gandhi's constructive social movement during this phase.

Anahtar Kavram

Gandhian Constructive Work and Anti-Untouchability Movement (1932–1934)
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Konular

Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

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