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Zorluk: ZorGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

With reference to the Individual Satyagraha launched by Mahatma Gandhi in October 1940 during the Second World War, consider the following statements:

1. It was initiated primarily to affirm the freedom of speech against Britain's unilateral declaration of India's participation in the war effort, while avoiding a mass breakdown of law and order.
2. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was selected by Gandhi as the first Individual Satyagrahi, followed by Jawaharlal Nehru as the second.
3. The campaign gained the popular moniker 'Delhi Chalo Movement' because satyagrahis, if left unarrested after making anti-war declarations, were directed to march towards the capital.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 2 only
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. C
    1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3Cevap

Cevap

The correct answer is that all three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
All three statements are historically accurate. The Individual Satyagraha (October 1940) was Gandhi's measured response to the August Offer and war crisis, asserting the right to preach against war effort participation. Vinoba Bhave was the 1st satyagrahi and Jawaharlal Nehru the 2nd. It earned the name 'Delhi Chalo Movement' because unarrested satyagrahis were directed to march toward Delhi.

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1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the objective of the movement.
Statement 1 is correct. Following the dissatisfaction with the August Offer of 1940, Gandhi launched the Individual Satyagraha to register a measured, non-violent protest asserting freedom of speech against dragging India into World War II without public consent, avoiding a premature mass struggle.
Gandhi wanted to show that Indian forbearance was not a sign of weakness while avoiding embarrassments to Britain during critical wartime moments.
2
Verify Statement 2 regarding the sequence of satyagrahis chosen.
Statement 2 is correct. Acharya Vinoba Bhave offered satyagraha first on October 17, 1940, at Paunar, Maharashtra, and Jawaharlal Nehru was the second satyagrahi chosen.
Gandhi handpicked satyagrahis based on strict adherence to non-violence and constructive work to maintain movement discipline.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the 'Delhi Chalo' designation.
Statement 3 is correct. If a chosen satyagrahi was not arrested immediately after delivering anti-war speeches, they were instructed to move from village to village while trekking towards Delhi, earning the campaign the title 'Delhi Chalo Movement'.
The march was designed to spread the message of non-cooperation with the war across rural hinterlands towards the political seat of power.

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Individual Satyagraha of 1940 and its tactical framework
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Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

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