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Question 1401Question →

The Harappan civilization featured unique architectural structures indicative of advanced civic planning. At which of the following Harappan sites was the prominent public structure known as the 'Great Bath' discovered?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Mohenjo-daro

Answer

Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo-daro is the site where the Great Bath was discovered. Situated within the citadel area, this rectangular structure measures approximately 12 meters by 7 meters with a depth of 2.4 meters and reflects sophisticated hydraulic engineering.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key public architectural feature mentioned in the stem.
The structure in question is the 'Great Bath', a large waterproofing-lined public basin.
Understanding the signature archaeological discoveries at major Harappan sites is necessary to locate the structure.
2
Match the 'Great Bath' to its corresponding Harappan site.
Mohenjo-daro contains the Great Bath situated in its citadel mound.
Archaeological excavations directed by Sir John Marshall confirmed Mohenjo-daro as the location of this monument.

Key Concept

Key Archaeological Discoveries of Harappan Civilization Sites
Question 1402Question →

During the 6th century BCE, ancient India witnessed the rise of sixteen Mahajanapadas, categorized into monarchies (Rajyas) and oligarchic republics (Gana-Sanghas). Which of the following statements accurately highlights a key administrative or social distinction between the Gana-Sanghas and the monarchical kingdoms of this period?

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Answer: Gana-Sanghas were governed by an assembly representing heads of Kshatriya clans rather than a single hereditary ruler, and generally held a less rigid attitude toward Brahmanical social hierarchy.

Answer

The statement describing Gana-Sanghas as oligarchic republics governed by clan assemblies with a less rigid adherence to Brahmanical hierarchy accurately distinguishes them from monarchies.
The correct response accurately reflects the political and social contrast of the Second Urbanization era in India. Gana-Sanghas were oligarchies where sovereignty was shared among clan chiefs participating in the Santhagara assembly. Unlike monarchies that heavily relied on Brahmanical priests to validate divine kingship through sacrifices like Rajasuya and Ashvamedha, Gana-Sanghas maintained a more open social dynamic that nurtured heterodox traditions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the administrative structure of 6th-century BCE Mahajanapadas.
Identify that monarchies (such as Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa, and Avanti) were centralized states under hereditary kings, whereas Gana-Sanghas (such as the Vajji confederacy and the Shakyas) were oligarchies or republics governed by collective assemblies (Santhagara).
Understanding political organization forms the foundation for distinguishing ancient Indian state structures.
2
Examine the socio-religious and economic features of both systems.
Monarchies integrated closely with orthodox Brahmanical Vedic rituals to legitimize royal authority and established formal taxation systems (Bhaga, Bali). Gana-Sanghas gave greater influence to Kshatriya clan elders and provided a conducive environment for heterodox movements like Buddhism and Jainism.
Social hierarchy and religious patronage differed significantly between monarchical kingdoms and republican clans.
3
Evaluate the option choices against historical facts.
Confirm that the option emphasizing assembly rule by clan heads and less rigid Brahmanical hierarchy is historically accurate, while options misrepresenting taxation, army organization, and geographic distribution are false.
Differentiating true structural characteristics eliminates plausible distractors.

Key Concept

Polity and Society of the 6th Century BCE: Gana-Sanghas vs. Monarchical Mahajanapadas
Question 1403Question →

The Brahmaputra River system receives several prominent tributaries along its course through northeastern India. Among the following options, which river joins the Brahmaputra as a major left-bank tributary?

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Answer: Lohit River

Answer

The Lohit River is a major left-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River system.
The Lohit River originates in the Tibet Autonomous Region (Kangri Karpo mountain range) and flows through Arunachal Pradesh into Assam, joining the Brahmaputra River at Sadiya from the left bank. Other prominent left-bank tributaries include the Dibang, Burhi Dihing, Dhansiri, and Kopili rivers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the main course and flow direction of the Brahmaputra River in India.
The Brahmaputra flows westwards through Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.
Determining flow direction establishes which side corresponds to left-bank (south/east side) and right-bank (north side) tributaries.
2
Classify the given tributaries into left-bank and right-bank categories.
Subansiri, Kameng, and Manas join from the northern Himalayan slopes (right bank), while Lohit joins from the eastern mountains (left bank).
Accurate geographical classification distinguishes left-bank from right-bank rivers.

Key Concept

Tributaries and Bank Orientation of the Brahmaputra River System
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 1404Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the early administrative and judicial reforms introduced under East India Company rule in India:

1. Warren Hastings abolished the Dual System of administration in Bengal and established District Diwani Adalats presided over by civil officers.
2. The Cornwallis Code of 1793 formally separated revenue collection from judicial administration.
3. Lord William Bentinck abolished the Provincial Courts of Appeal and Circuit, reassigning their duties to Commissioners of Revenue and Circuit.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 2, and 3

Answer

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
All three statements describe historical facts correctly. Warren Hastings ended the Dual System in 1772 and laid the framework for civil courts. Lord Cornwallis institutionalized the separation of revenue management from judicial powers through the Cornwallis Code of 1793. Lord William Bentinck reorganized the judicial system by abolishing the cumbersome Provincial Courts of Appeal and Circuit and placing circuit duties under Commissioners.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Warren Hastings's administrative actions in Bengal.
Statement 1 is correct.
In 1772, Warren Hastings terminated the Dual System of government created by Robert Clive and brought Bengal under direct Company control, setting up District Diwani Adalats for civil justice.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Lord Cornwallis's judicial and revenue separation.
Statement 2 is correct.
The Cornwallis Code of 1793 established the separation of executive/revenue authority from judicial power, stripping District Collectors of judicial functions and creating dedicated District Judges.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding William Bentinck's rationalization of provincial appellate courts.
Statement 3 is correct.
Lord William Bentinck abolished the slow and inefficient Provincial Courts of Appeal and Circuit, delegating their responsibilities to Divisional Commissioners of Revenue and Circuit.

Key Concept

Evolution of Civil and Judicial Administration under British Rule
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 1405Question →

Match the intrusive igneous landforms listed in List-I with their corresponding structural and geometric characteristics in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Laccolith
Lopolith
Phacolith
Batholith

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Laccolith corresponds to the dome-shaped intrusion with a planar horizontal base; Lopolith corresponds to the saucer-shaped body concave toward the sky; Phacolith corresponds to the lens-shaped body at fold crests or troughs; Batholith corresponds to the massive plutonic rock body forming mountain cores.
Each intrusive landform is correctly matched to its specific structural morphology: Laccolith to the dome shape with a flat base, Lopolith to the saucer-shaped concave structure, Phacolith to the lens-shaped fold hinge intrusion, and Batholith to the massive granitic plutonic body.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the structural geometry of Laccolith
Laccolith matches with the dome-shaped intrusion having a flat horizontal base and a pipe feeder.
Viscous magma forces the overlying strata to arch upward, creating a dome structure over a flat base.
2
Analyze the structural geometry of Lopolith
Lopolith matches with the saucer-shaped intrusive body concave toward the sky.
As magma intrudes into structural basins, sagging under gravity produces a characteristic saucer shape.
3
Analyze the structural placement of Phacolith
Phacolith matches with the lens-shaped magma mass localized at anticline crests or syncline troughs.
Differential stresses during crustal folding create space at fold hinges for lens-like magma accumulation.
4
Analyze the structural characteristics of Batholith
Batholith matches with the massive granitic plutonic body forming mountain cores.
Batholiths represent the largest plutonic intrusions, forming deep beneath mountain systems.

Key Concept

Intrusive Igneous Landforms (Plutons)
Question 1406Question →

Shifting cultivation is practiced under different local names across various tropical regions of the world. Which of the following pairs of shifting cultivation practice and its corresponding region is correctly matched?

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Answer: Jhumming - North-Eastern India

Answer

The pair Jhumming - North-Eastern India is correctly matched.
The pair 'Jhumming - North-Eastern India' is correct because Jhumming (or Jhum) is the widely accepted local terminology for slash-and-burn shifting agriculture practiced by tribal communities in North-Eastern India.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the agricultural practice being described.
The question concerns regional terminology for shifting cultivation (slash-and-burn agriculture).
Shifting cultivation is a primary agricultural activity carried out in tropical forest regions.
2
Evaluate each local name against its geographic region.
Jhumming corresponds to North-Eastern India; Milpa corresponds to Central America/Mexico; Ladang corresponds to Malaysia/Indonesia; Roca corresponds to Brazil.
Comparing standard economic geography nomenclature establishes that Jhumming in North-Eastern India is the only correctly matched pair.

Key Concept

Global Nomenclature of Shifting Cultivation
Question 1407Question →

Arrange the following key administrative policies and events of British colonial rule in India in correct chronological order, starting from the earliest to the latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct chronological order is: Grant of the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa (1765), Implementation of the Permanent Settlement in Bengal (1793), Formal introduction of the Ryotwari System in Madras (1820), and Issuance of Wood's Despatch (1854).
The sequence follows the exact historical timeline of British administrative expansion: the Grant of Diwani in 1765, Cornwallis's Permanent Settlement in 1793, Munro's Ryotwari System in 1820, and Wood's Despatch on Education in 1854.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the historical year of the Grant of Diwani
The Treaty of Allahabad in 1765 granted the East India Company the rights to collect revenue (Diwani) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
Establishes the earliest benchmark of British administrative revenue control in India.
2
Identify the year of the Permanent Settlement
Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793.
This event reorganized land revenue collection into a hereditary landlord (Zamindari) system.
3
Identify the year of the Ryotwari System expansion
Sir Thomas Munro formally established the Ryotwari system across the Madras Presidency in 1820.
Direct settlement with individual cultivators (ryots) replaced intermediary landlords in southern India.
4
Identify the year of Wood's Despatch
Charles Wood sent his comprehensive education despatch in 1854.
Marks the systematic policy shift toward primary-to-university level English education in British India.

Key Concept

Chronological Evolution of British Colonial Economic and Administrative Policies
Question 1408Question →

Match the Mauryan administrative officers listed in List-I with their corresponding administrative portfolios or functions in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Samaharta
Sannidhata
Akshapataladhyaksha
Vyavaharika

Matches

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Answer

Samaharta corresponds to the Chief Collector General of revenue; Sannidhata corresponds to the Chief Treasury Officer; Akshapataladhyaksha corresponds to the Superintendent of accounts and records; Vyavaharika corresponds to the Chief Judge of civil courts.
In the Mauryan administrative framework detailed in Kautilya's Arthashastra, the Samaharta acted as the Chief Revenue Collector, the Sannidhata served as the Chief Treasury Officer, the Akshapataladhyaksha was the Accountant General and keeper of records, and the Vyavaharika functioned as the chief civil magistrate.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary role of the Samaharta in Mauryan administration.
The Samaharta served as the overall revenue collector and supervisor of imperial finances.
Kautilya's Arthashastra designates the Samaharta as the officer in charge of income generation from land taxes, trade, and mines.
2
Distinguish between Samaharta and Sannidhata.
While Samaharta collected revenue, Sannidhata was the custodian of stored wealth, treasury buildings, and granaries.
Clear administrative division existed between revenue collection (Samaharta) and treasury management (Sannidhata).
3
Match the departmental heads for accounting and judicial functions.
Akshapataladhyaksha oversaw the central audit/records room (Akshapatala), and Vyavaharika presided over civil judicial proceedings (Dharmasthiya).
Adhyakshas supervised specific technical departments, whereas Vyavaharika maintained civil law and order.

Key Concept

Centralized Administrative Structure of the Mauryan Empire
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 1409Question →

Which of the following major mass movements was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in August 1942 with the historic call 'Do or Die'?

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Answer: Quit India Movement

Answer

The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 with Mahatma Gandhi's call 'Do or Die'.
The Quit India Movement was launched on August 8, 1942, following the passage of the Quit India Resolution by the All India Congress Committee in Bombay. Mahatma Gandhi declared the historic slogan 'Do or Die' ('Karo ya Maro') demanding immediate British withdrawal from India.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the mass movement associated with the year 1942 and Gandhi's slogan.
Mahatma Gandhi delivered his historic address on August 8, 1942, calling upon Indians to 'Do or Die' to end British imperial rule.
This call marked the start of the Quit India Movement (also known as the August Movement).

Key Concept

Quit India Movement (1942) and Mass Leadership
Question 1410Question →

Regarding the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 led by Mahatma Gandhi, which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

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Answer: It was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India.; Raj Kumar Shukla persuaded Mahatma Gandhi to visit Champaran to investigate the plight of indigo cultivators.

Answer

The correct statements are that Champaran Satyagraha was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India and that Raj Kumar Shukla persuaded him to visit Champaran to address the indigo farmers' grievances.
The statement describing Champaran as Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement and the statement highlighting Raj Kumar Shukla's initiative to bring Gandhi to Champaran are both historically accurate.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Examine the origins and key figures of the Champaran Satyagraha.
Identify that Raj Kumar Shukla invited Gandhi to Champaran during the 1916 INC Lucknow session to investigate the oppression of indigo farmers.
Establishing the historical context and initiation of Gandhi's first major local movement in India.
2
Analyze the nature and outcomes of the movement.
Recognize Champaran Satyagraha (1917) as Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement, which led to the Champaran Agrarian Act 1918.
Verifying the significance and immediate legal outcome of the satyagraha.

Key Concept

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
Question 1411Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the administrative structure and village self-governance under the Imperial Cholas:

1. The *Ur* functioned as an assembly of general landholders in traditional villages, whereas the *Sabha* (or *Mahasabha*) was an exclusive assembly of Brahmin landholders in *brahmadeya* villages.
2. As recorded in the Uttiramerur inscriptions of King Parantaka I, eligibility for election to village executive committees required candidates to own private tax-paying land, have knowledge of the Vedas, and adhere to strict moral and financial accountability standards.
3. Executive committees (*variyams*), such as the *Pon-variyam* (Gold Committee) and *Eri-variyam* (Tank Committee), were staffed through direct royal appointments from the central capital rather than local village selection mechanisms.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 2 only
The correct answer includes statements 1 and 2. Chola village autonomy was divided between peasant assemblies (*Ur*) and Brahmin grant assemblies (*Sabha*). The Uttiramerur inscriptions of Parantaka I confirm strict property and educational criteria for candidates contesting *variyam* positions. Statement 3 is false because executive committee members were chosen locally via the *Kudavolai* (pot-ticket lottery) system rather than being royal appointees.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct.
Chola local governance relied on two primary agrarian assemblies: the 'Ur', which comprised local landholders in standard peasant villages (*vellanvagai*), and the 'Sabha' or 'Mahasabha', which governed tax-exempt Brahmin land grants (*brahmadeya*).
2
Analyze Statement 2
Statement 2 is correct.
The 10th-century Uttiramerur inscriptions of Chola monarch Parantaka I detail strict democratic qualifications for *Sabha* membership: candidates had to be between 35 and 70 years old, own at least one-fourth *veli* of tax-paying land, reside on their own property, and possess proficiency in the Vedic texts and administrative rules.
3
Analyze Statement 3
Statement 3 is incorrect.
Committee (*variyam*) members were not appointed by royal decree from the capital. Instead, they were chosen via a decentralized lottery system called *Kudavolai*, where names of eligible candidates written on palm-leaf tickets were drawn from a pot by a young boy in the presence of the village assembly.

Key Concept

Chola Local Self-Governance and Uttiramerur Inscriptions
Question 1412Question →

Which of the following major Peninsular rivers of India originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri Range of the Western Ghats?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Cauvery

Answer

Cauvery
The Cauvery (Kaveri) River rises at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri Range of the Western Ghats in the Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical source mentioned in the question stem.
The specified originating site is Talakaveri, located in the Brahmagiri Range of Karnataka.
Specific origin locations serve as key diagnostic features for major Peninsular rivers.
2
Match the origin location with the correct Peninsular river system.
Cauvery rises at Talakaveri, whereas Krishna rises at Mahabaleshwar, Godavari at Trimbakeshwar, and Mahanadi near Sihawa.
Differentiating regional origin points verifies the precise river system.

Key Concept

Origin of Peninsular Rivers of India
Question 1413Question →

Who among the following reform leaders founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 and campaigned extensively for the abolition of the practice of Sati in British India?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Answer

Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is widely regarded as the 'Father of Modern India' and the founder of the Brahmo Samaj in 1828. His anti-Sati crusade directly contributed to Lord William Bentinck outlawing the practice under Regulation XVII in 1829.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the socio-religious movement and founder requested in the stem.
The stem asks for the founder of Brahmo Samaj (1828) who campaigned against Sati.
This is a direct factual query regarding 19th-century reform organizations.
2
Evaluate historical contributions of the given reformers.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Brahmo Sabha in August 1828 and worked closely with Lord William Bentinck to enact the Sati Regulation Act of 1829.
Matching the specific reform leader to the organization and legislation confirms the correct historical attribution.

Key Concept

Foundations and key figures of 19th-century socio-religious reform movements in India.
Question 1414Question →

Arrange the following key administrative policies and legislative measures introduced during British colonial rule in India in correct chronological order, from the earliest to the latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is: Introduction of the Permanent Settlement in Bengal (1793), Charter Act ending trade monopoly except tea and trade with China (1813), Formal extension of the Ryotwari system in Madras (1820), Enactment of Regulation VII for the Mahalwari system (1822), and Charter Act completely ending commercial privileges (1833).
The correct chronological progression of colonial measures is: 1793 (Permanent Settlement in Bengal), 1813 (Charter Act ending monopoly except tea and trade with China), 1820 (Formal introduction of Ryotwari in Madras), 1822 (Regulation VII establishing the Mahalwari framework), and 1833 (Charter Act completely ending commercial privileges of the East India Company).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the date of the Permanent Settlement in Bengal.
Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in 1793.
1793 is the earliest event in the list.
2
Identify the year of the Charter Act that partially abolished the East India Company's monopoly.
The Charter Act of 1813 abolished the Company's monopoly in Indian trade, retaining only tea trade and trade with China.
This places the 1813 Charter Act second in sequence.
3
Compare the implementation timelines of the Ryotwari and Mahalwari revenue systems.
Sir Thomas Munro formally established the Ryotwari system in Madras in 1820, whereas Holt Mackenzie's Mahalwari framework was legalized via Regulation VII in 1822.
Ryotwari (1820) precedes Mahalwari (1822).
4
Determine the enactment date of the Charter Act completely ending EIC commercial operations.
The Charter Act of 1833 completely revoked all commercial privileges of the East India Company.
1833 is the latest date among all listed measures.

Key Concept

Chronological evolution of British land revenue systems, constitutional charter acts, and administrative framework in India.
Question 1415Question →

Chronologically arrange the following major events of the Indian freedom struggle associated with Mahatma Gandhi, from the earliest to the latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is: Rowlatt Satyagraha (April 1919), Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement (February 1922), Dandi Salt March (March 1930), and Signing of the Poona Pact (September 1932).
The events in chronological order are: Rowlatt Satyagraha (April 1919), Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement (February 1922), Commencement of the Dandi Salt March (March 1930), and Signing of the Poona Pact (September 1932).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the date of the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
The Rowlatt Satyagraha was launched in April 1919.
It was Mahatma Gandhi's first major all-India mass agitation opposing the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act.
2
Determine the date of the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
The movement was officially called off in February 1922.
Following the violent clash at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district, Gandhi suspended the movement on non-violent grounds.
3
Determine the date of the commencement of the Dandi Salt March.
The march started on March 12, 1930.
Gandhi marched from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to break the salt tax law, initiating the Civil Disobedience Movement.
4
Determine the date of the signing of the Poona Pact.
The Poona Pact was signed on September 24, 1932.
It was negotiated in Yerwada Central Jail following Gandhi's fast against separate electorates proposed in the Communal Award.

Key Concept

Chronology of Gandhian Mass Movements and Key Historical Landmarks
Question 1416Question →

Arrange the following administrative institutions and policy reforms of Medieval India in correct chronological order of their initial establishment or promulgation (from the earliest to the latest):

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is: Formal organization of the Iqta administrative system by Sultan Iltutmish (c. 1220s CE) → Establishment of the Diwan-i-Amir-i-Kohi by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq (c. 1326–1330 CE) → Institutionalization of the Nayankara framework under Krishnadevaraya (c. 1509–1529 CE) → Promulgation of the Ain-i-Dahsala revenue settlement by Raja Todar Mal under Akbar (1580 CE).
The chronological progression reflects the structural evolution of medieval Indian statecraft across different dynasties and regions. Sultan Iltutmish organized the Iqta system in the early 13th century (c. 1220s CE) to consolidate territorial control. Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq created the Diwan-i-Amir-i-Kohi in the 1320s CE to boost agricultural output. In Southern India, Krishnadevaraya consolidated the Nayankara system during his reign (1509–1529 CE). Finally, Raja Todar Mal introduced the Ain-i-Dahsala revenue settlement in 1580 CE under Mughal Emperor Akbar.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the historical period and ruler associated with the formal organization of the Iqta administrative system and Qalb-i-Sultani.
Sultan Iltutmish of the Delhi Sultanate (Slave Dynasty) structured the Iqta system in the early 13th century (c. 1220s CE).
This is the earliest administrative development among the listed options.
2
Determine the date of the establishment of the Diwan-i-Amir-i-Kohi.
Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq of the Tughlaq Dynasty established this agricultural department in the early 14th century (c. 1326–1330 CE).
This reforms followed Iltutmish's reign by roughly a century.
3
Pinpoint the timeline of the Nayankara system consolidation under Krishnadevaraya.
Krishnadevaraya ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1509 to 1529 CE, strengthening the Nayankara system where Nayakas held land grants (amaram) in exchange for military service.
This occurs in the early 16th century, post-dating the Tughlaq era and pre-dating the peak Mughal administration.
4
Establish the promulgation year of the Ain-i-Dahsala system.
Emperor Akbar's finance minister, Raja Todar Mal, introduced the Dahsala system in 1580 CE.
This represents the latest administrative innovation among the four listed events.

Key Concept

Chronology of Medieval Indian Governance and Administrative Evolution
Question 1417Question →

Match List-I (Plateaus/Highlands of the World) with List-II (Their Respective Region/Country) and identify the correct matching pairs.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Katanga Plateau
Anatolian Plateau
Kimberley Plateau
Chiapas Plateau

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Katanga Plateau corresponds to Central Africa (DR Congo / Zambia border region); Anatolian Plateau corresponds to West Asia (Turkey, between Pontic and Taurus Mountains); Kimberley Plateau corresponds to Oceania (Northwestern region of Western Australia); and Chiapas Plateau corresponds to North/Central America (Southern Mexico extending towards Guatemala).
Each plateau is correctly paired with its respective continent and geographical boundary: Katanga Plateau belongs to Central Africa, Anatolian Plateau lies in West Asia (Turkey), Kimberley Plateau forms the rugged landform of Northwestern Australia, and Chiapas Plateau is located in Southern Mexico.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Katanga Plateau
Katanga Plateau is situated in Central Africa, primarily covering southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia, known for copper and cobalt deposits.
Identify continent and country boundaries for Katanga.
2
Analyze Anatolian Plateau
Anatolia forms the main peninsular portion of Turkey in West Asia, enclosed by the Pontic and Taurus mountain ranges.
Identify regional intermontane characteristics of Anatolia.
3
Analyze Kimberley Plateau
The Kimberley region is situated in the far northern region of Western Australia.
Locate the geographic zone within Oceania/Australia.
4
Analyze Chiapas Plateau
Chiapas is Mexico's southernmost state, home to mountainous highlands extending into Guatemala.
Map the plateau to North/Central America.

Key Concept

Regional and Locational Geography of major world plateaus, highlands, and their continent/country associations.
Question 1418Question →

Arrange the following historical events associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement phase of the Indian Freedom Struggle in correct chronological order, from earliest to latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence is: Publication of Mahatma Gandhi's Eleven Demands in Young India (January 31, 1930), followed by the Commencement of the Dandi March (March 12, 1930), the Conclusion of the First Round Table Conference (January 19, 1931), and the Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress endorsing the Delhi Pact (March 26–31, 1931).
The correct chronological sequence begins with Mahatma Gandhi's Eleven Demands published on January 31, 1930. The rejection of these demands led directly to the Dandi March starting on March 12, 1930. The First Round Table Conference in London ended on January 19, 1931, without Congress representation. Subsequently, the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was negotiated, leading to its formal endorsement at the Karachi INC Session in late March 1931.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the date of Mahatma Gandhi's Eleven Demands.
Published in 'Young India' on January 31, 1930.
This served as the formal ultimatum before initiating direct mass action.
2
Identify the start date of the Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March).
Began on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram.
This marked the official launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
3
Identify the conclusion date of the First Round Table Conference.
Concluded on January 19, 1931.
The failure of the conference without Congress led the Viceroy to lift the ban on the Congress Working Committee to facilitate talks.
4
Identify the date of the Karachi Congress Session.
Held from March 26 to March 31, 1931.
This session endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed on March 5, 1931, and adopted resolutions on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Programme.

Key Concept

Chronology of key events during the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–1931)
Question 1419Question →

Arrange the following key historical events associated with Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement in the correct chronological order from earliest to latest:

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Answer

The correct chronological order from earliest to latest is: Ahmedabad Textile Mill Strike (February 1918), Calcutta INC Special Session (September 1920), Vaikom Satyagraha (March 1924), Poona Pact (September 1932), and Individual Satyagraha (October 1940).
The events progress chronologically as follows: Ahmedabad Textile Mill Strike in February 1918, Calcutta INC Special Session in September 1920, Vaikom Satyagraha in March 1924, Poona Pact in September 1932, and Individual Satyagraha in October 1940.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the date of the Ahmedabad Mill Strike.
February 1918 (early local Gandhian Satyagraha following Champaran).
Establishes the starting point of the sequence.
2
Identify the timing of the Special INC Session in Calcutta.
September 1920 (formal adoption of the Non-Cooperation program).
Follows the Rowlatt Satyagraha and Khilafat movement context.
3
Pinpoint the start of the Vaikom Satyagraha.
March 1924 (constructive social reform phase after Non-Cooperation was called off).
Precedes the Civil Disobedience era.
4
Determine the date of the Poona Pact.
September 24, 1932 (signed following Gandhi's fast in Yerwada Jail against the Communal Award).
Occurred during the Second Phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
5
Identify the launch date of the Individual Satyagraha.
October 17, 1940 (limited anti-war satyagraha prior to Quit India).
Concludes the chronological sequence.

Key Concept

Chronological timeline of Gandhian mass movements, satyagrahas, INC resolutions, and social reform campaigns.
Question 1420Question →

With reference to the architectural and artistic developments of the Gupta Empire in ancient India, which of the following statements is correct regarding the Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It is an early example of a free-standing stone temple constructed in the Panchayatana layout dedicated to Lord Vishnu.

Answer

The statement identifying the Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh as an early free-standing stone temple in the Panchayatana layout from the Gupta period is correct.
The Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh is historically celebrated as one of the earliest surviving free-standing stone temples of ancient India. Built during the Gupta period, it illustrates the transition into structural Hindu temple architecture and incorporates a central garbhagriha with four corner shrines (Panchayatana style), adorned with sculpted panels of Sheshashayi Vishnu and Gajendra Moksha.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the historical period and dynasty associated with the Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh.
The temple belongs to the classical Gupta era (circa 6th century CE) in Central India.
Gupta rulers were major patrons of early Hindu temple architecture, transitioning from shrine cells to structural stone monuments.
2
Evaluate the architectural features of the temple.
It features a central shrine surrounded by four smaller corner subsidiary shrines on a single terrace, conforming to the Panchayatana plan.
The Panchayatana scheme became a foundational layout for subsequent Nagara temple development in North India.

Key Concept

Gupta Architectural Features and Temple Patronage
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