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Question 1381Question

Among the following tributaries of the Godavari River, which one is a major right-bank tributary that originates in the Balaghat Range of Maharashtra?

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Answer: Manjira River

Answer

The Manjira River is the principal right-bank tributary of the Godavari River originating in the Balaghat Range.
The Manjira River is the most prominent right-bank tributary of the Godavari. It originates in the Balaghat Range of hills in Maharashtra and flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana before merging into the Godavari.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the drainage system and bank orientation requested.
The target river is the Godavari, specifically searching for a right-bank tributary.
Most major tributaries of the Godavari (such as Pranhita, Indravati, and Sabari) join from the left bank (north), making right-bank tributaries distinctive.
2
Trace the origin and course of the options.
The Manjira River rises in the Balaghat Range near Beed, Maharashtra, flows east-southeast, and joins the right bank of the Godavari River near Kandakurthi.
Pranhita, Indravati, and Sabari all enter the Godavari from its left (northern) bank.

Key Concept

Classification of Left-Bank and Right-Bank Tributaries of Peninsular Indian Rivers
Question 1382Question

With reference to global atmospheric pressure belts and prevailing planetary wind systems, consider the following statements:
1. The Trade Winds blow from the Subtropical High-Pressure Belts towards the Equatorial Low-Pressure Belt, deflecting westward in both hemispheres due to the Coriolis effect.
2. The Westerlies are generally stronger and more persistent in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere due to the vast expanse of ocean and minimal landmass friction.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Both 1 and 2

Answer

Both 1 and 2
Both statements are correct. Trade winds move from the subtropical high-pressure belts to the equatorial low and are deflected westward by the Coriolis effect. Furthermore, because the Southern Hemisphere consists predominantly of ocean surface with very few land obstructions, the Westerlies encounter minimal friction and blow with much higher velocity and consistency than in the Northern Hemisphere.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding Trade Winds direction and deflection.
Statement 1 is correct. Trade winds originate from the subtropical high-pressure cells (30 N30^\circ\text{ N} and 30 S30^\circ\text{ S}) and flow toward the equatorial low-pressure zone. The Coriolis force deflects them to the right in the Northern Hemisphere (Northeast Trades) and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere (Southeast Trades), causing a westward component in both cases.
Verifies atmospheric pressure gradient and Coriolis force deflection.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the strength of Westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere.
Statement 2 is correct. In the Southern Hemisphere, the vast, uninterrupted ocean expanse offers negligible frictional resistance compared to the land-dominated Northern Hemisphere, allowing the Westerlies to attain high speeds and constancy (known as Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties, and Shrieking Sixties).
Verifies the effect of land-ocean distribution on surface atmospheric drag.

Key Concept

Planetary Wind Systems and Atmospheric Circulation
Question 1383Question

Match the physical landforms listed in List-I with their corresponding primary geomorphic agents responsible for their formation in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Cirque
Yardang
Stalactite
Delta

Matches

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Answer

Cirque matches with Glacial erosion; Yardang matches with Wind (Aeolian) erosion; Stalactite matches with Underground water (Karst) deposition; Delta matches with Running water (Fluvial) deposition.
Each landform is paired correctly with its agent of formation: Cirques are formed by glacial erosion, Yardangs by wind (aeolian) erosion, Stalactites by underground water (karst) deposition, and Deltas by running water (fluvial) sediment deposition.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the erosional landforms created by ice and wind action.
Cirque is linked to glacial erosion, and Yardang is linked to wind (aeolian) abrasion in deserts.
Both are classic landforms produced by abrasive erosional processes of glaciers and wind respectively.
2
Identify the depositional features formed by subsurface solution and surface streams.
Stalactite is linked to underground water precipitation in limestone caves, while Delta is linked to river sediment accumulation.
Deposition occurs when the transporting medium (groundwater or river stream) loses velocity or undergoes chemical precipitation.

Key Concept

Geomorphic Agents and Associated Erosional/Depositional Landforms
Question 1384Question

Arrange the following socio-religious reform organizations established in 19th-century India in correct chronological order of their foundation, from the earliest to the latest:

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence of foundation is Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha (1851), followed by Prarthana Samaj (1867), Satyashodhak Samaj (1873), and Sadharan Brahmo Samaj (1878).
The precise chronological order of foundation for these reform organizations is: Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha in 1851, Prarthana Samaj in 1867, Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873, and Sadharan Brahmo Samaj in 1878.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the foundation year of Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha
Established in 1851 in Bombay
It was established by leaders like Naoroji Furdoonji and Dadabhai Naoroji to reform Parsi religious and social practices.
2
Identify the foundation year of Prarthana Samaj
Established in 1867 in Bombay
It was established under the leadership of Dr. Atmaram Pandurang and later championed by M.G. Ranade.
3
Identify the foundation year of Satyashodhak Samaj
Established in 1873 in Pune, Maharashtra
Jyotirao Phule established the Truth-Seekers' Society to emancipate lower castes and promote rationalism.
4
Identify the foundation year of Sadharan Brahmo Samaj
Established in 1878 in Calcutta
It emerged from a split in Keshab Chandra Sen's Brahmo Samaj of India over the marriage of his underage daughter to the Maharaja of Cooch Behar.

Key Concept

Chronological Timeline of 19th-Century Indian Socio-Religious Reform Movements
Question 1385Question

With reference to the socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century in India, consider the following statements:

1. The Tattvabodhini Sabha was founded by Debendranath Tagore in 1839 to promote a rational study of the Upanishads and Indian tradition through its journal, Tattvabodhini Patrika.
2. The Prarthana Samaj, established in Bombay in 1867, emphasized social reforms such as caste abolition and women's education while remaining broadly within the fold of Hindu tradition.
3. The Deoband Movement, initiated in 1866 by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, politically supported the Indian National Congress while religiously opposing the Westernizing doctrines of the Aligarh Movement.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

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Answer: 1, 2, and 3

Answer

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are all correct.
All three statements are historically accurate. Debendranath Tagore instituted the Tattvabodhini Sabha in 1839 to disseminate Vedantic thought via the Tattvabodhini Patrika. The Prarthana Samaj (1867) operated within Maharashtra to drive progressive social reform without creating a new religious identity. The Deoband Movement (1866) combined traditional Islamic scholarship with anti-colonial nationalism, supporting the Indian National Congress while opposing the Westernized socio-political orientation of the Aligarh Movement.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Tattvabodhini Sabha
Statement 1 is correct.
Debendranath Tagore established the Tattvabodhini Sabha in Calcutta in 1839 to study India's past and promote monotheistic Upanishadic philosophy through the Tattvabodhini Patrika.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Prarthana Samaj
Statement 2 is correct.
Founded by Atmaram Pandurang in 1867 (and later led by M.G. Ranade), the Prarthana Samaj focused heavily on concrete social reforms like caste reform, widow remarriage, and women's education without establishing a separate religious sect.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Deoband Movement
Statement 3 is correct.
The Deoband School (Darul Uloom Deoband, 1866) pursued orthodox Islamic revivalism and welcomed the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 while issuing fatwas against Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's pro-British Aligarh Movement.

Key Concept

Ideological and organizational nuances of 19th-century reform movements
Question 1386Question

With reference to the constitutional and administrative developments under East India Company rule in India, which of the following provisions was explicitly enacted by the Charter Act of 1813?

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Answer: It abolished the commercial trade monopoly of the East India Company in India, while retaining its exclusive monopoly over the tea trade and trade with China.

Answer

The Charter Act of 1813 abolished the commercial trade monopoly of the East India Company in India, though it permitted the Company to retain its exclusive monopoly over trade in tea and trade with China for another twenty years.
The Charter Act of 1813 renewed the East India Company's charter for 20 years and formally asserted the sovereignty of the Crown over British possessions in India. It ended the Company's trade monopoly in India, opening up Indian trade to all British private merchants, while preserving the Company's exclusive monopoly over tea trade and trade with China.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the commercial policy provisions introduced by the Charter Act of 1813.
Identified that due to pressure from British merchants and Continental System trade restrictions in Europe, the British Parliament partially opened Indian markets.
The Act ended the general commercial monopoly of the Company in India but specifically maintained two exceptions: trade in tea and trade with China.
2
Differentiate the provisions of the Charter Act of 1813 from other major colonial acts.
Total abolition of commercial operations and creation of the post of Governor-General of India occurred under the Charter Act of 1833, whereas the Board of Control was set up by Pitt's India Act of 1784.
Distinguishing between consecutive charter acts prevents historical misattribution errors.

Key Concept

Charter Act of 1813 and British Commercial Monopoly Policies
Question 1387Question

Consider the following statements regarding major archaeological sites of the Harappan Civilization:

1. Lothal in Gujarat is known for the discovery of a rectangular baked-brick basin identified as a tidal dockyard.
2. Banawali in Haryana yielded the unique discovery of a ploughed field surface with grid furrows.
3. Dholavira in Gujarat is distinguished by its elaborate water management system featuring a series of stone-cut reservoirs.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

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Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

The correct answer is that statements 1 and 3 are correct.
The statement regarding Lothal's dockyard and the statement regarding Dholavira's water reservoirs are factually accurate. The statement regarding the ploughed field is incorrect because that specific agricultural feature was discovered at Kalibangan in Rajasthan, whereas Banawali yielded terracotta models of ploughs.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Lothal
Statement 1 is correct.
Lothal, located in Gujarat near the Gulf of Khambhat, contained a massive rectangular brick structure identified by archaeologists as a tidal dockyard for maritime trade.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Banawali
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The evidence of a ploughed field with intersecting furrows was discovered at Kalibangan in Rajasthan, not Banawali. Banawali in Haryana yielded terracotta models of ploughs, not the actual field furrows.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Dholavira
Statement 3 is correct.
Dholavira, situated in the Rann of Kutch (Gujarat), is celebrated for its sophisticated water conservation system consisting of multiple stone-cut reservoirs connected to channels.

Key Concept

Harappan Archaeological Sites and Key Artifactual Features
Question 1388Question

During the Civil Disobedience Movement, Mahatma Gandhi negotiated the Delhi Pact (Gandhi-Irwin Pact) in March 1931 with Viceroy Lord Irwin. Which of the following demands placed by Mahatma Gandhi was explicitly rejected by Lord Irwin during these talks?

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Answer: A public judicial inquiry into police excesses committed during the movement

Answer

The demand for a public judicial inquiry into police excesses committed during the movement was explicitly rejected by Lord Irwin.
During the discussions leading to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 5, 1931), Mahatma Gandhi submitted two major requests that Lord Irwin refused to accept: a demand for a public inquiry into police excesses committed during the crackdown on Civil Disobedience volunteers, and the commutation of the death sentences of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the historical context of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 5, 1931).
The pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin to end the first phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Understanding the treaty terms helps evaluate which demands were accepted versus rejected.
2
Analyze the accepted provisions.
Accepted terms included the release of non-violent political prisoners, withdrawal of emergency ordinances, remission of uncollected fines, restoration of confiscated lands not sold to third parties, permission for peaceful picketing, and salt manufacture for personal use by coastal residents.
Evaluating agreed clauses eliminates wrong choices.
3
Identify the rejected demands.
Lord Irwin explicitly rejected two key demands: a public inquiry into police atrocities and the commutation of the death sentences of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev to life imprisonment.
Directly pinpoints the correct answer.

Key Concept

Terms and Negotiations of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 1389Question

With reference to the economic activities, settlement features, and long-distance trade networks of the Harappan Civilization, consider the following statements:

1. Shortugai, located in northern Afghanistan, was established as a Harappan trading colony primarily to exploit sources of lapis lazuli.
2. Chanhudaro was an urban center devoted almost exclusively to craft production—such as bead-making, shell-cutting, and seal-engraving—and lacked a fortified citadel.
3. Banawali in Haryana provided archaeological evidence of terracotta models of the plough as well as a radial pattern of town streets.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 2 and 3

Answer

All three statements are correct (1, 2 and 3).
All three statements are historically accurate: Shortugai was a dedicated lapis lazuli procurement colony in Afghanistan; Chanhudaro was an unfortified manufacturing hub for beads, seals, and weights; and Banawali in Haryana yielded both terracotta plough models and a distinctive radial road layout.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Shortugai
Shortugai in northern Afghanistan (near Badakhshan) was an isolated Harappan trading outpost established specifically to control the procurement of lapis lazuli and tin.
Harappan long-distance overland trade required specialized frontier outposts.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Chanhudaro
Chanhudaro (in present-day Sindh, Pakistan) was a small settlement exclusively concentrated on craft specialized activities including bead-making, shell-cutting, seal-making, and weight-making. Unlike major Harappan cities like Mohenjo-daro or Harappa, Chanhudaro had no separate fortified citadel structure.
Distinct urban functional specialization existed across Harappan settlements.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Banawali
Excavations at Banawali (in Fatehabad district, Haryana) yielded important agricultural evidence in the form of a complete terracotta model of a plough, alongside a unique town planning variation displaying a radial street pattern.
Banawali provides key evidence for Harappan agricultural technology and non-standard urban layouts.

Key Concept

Harappan Economic Organization, Craft Specialization, and Site Specificity
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1390Question

Arrange the following major mass movements and satyagrahas led by Mahatma Gandhi in chronological order, from earliest to latest:

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), and Quit India Movement (1942).
The correct chronological order begins with the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 (Gandhi's first regional agitation in Bihar), followed by the Non-Cooperation Movement launched nationwide in 1920, followed by the Civil Disobedience Movement initiated with the Dandi March in 1930, and concluding with the Quit India Movement in 1942.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the year of Champaran Satyagraha
Champaran Satyagraha took place in 1917.
It was Mahatma Gandhi's first major regional civil disobedience movement in India.
2
Identify the year of Non-Cooperation Movement
Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920.
It was formally adopted by the Indian National Congress at the Nagpur session in December 1920.
3
Identify the year of Civil Disobedience Movement
Civil Disobedience Movement commenced in 1930.
It began with Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram in March 1930.
4
Identify the year of Quit India Movement
Quit India Movement was launched in 1942.
The All-India Congress Committee passed the Quit India Resolution in Bombay on August 8, 1942.

Key Concept

Chronological timeline of major Gandhian mass movements in India's freedom struggle
Estimated Time:45s
Question 1391Question

Which of the following statements regarding the major west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India, Narmada and Tapti (Tapi), are correct?

Select all that apply

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Answer: The Narmada river flows westward through a rift valley bounded by the Vindhya range to the north and the Satpura range to the south.; The Tapti river originates in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh and drains into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat.

Answer

The correct statements are that the Narmada river flows westward through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges, and the Tapti river originates in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh and drains into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat.
The Narmada river flows westward in a rift valley bounded by the Vindhyas in the north and Satpuras in the south. The Tapti river originates from the Satpura range in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, and flows westward into the Gulf of Khambhat (Arabian Sea). Both of these statements correctly describe the major west-flowing peninsular rivers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the course and landform features of the Narmada River
Narmada rises from Amarkantak Plateau and flows west through a trough/rift valley between Vindhyan and Satpura ranges.
This confirms the structural valley path of Narmada.
2
Analyze the origin and mouth of the Tapti River
Tapti rises in Multai, Betul district of Madhya Pradesh, flowing westward into the Gulf of Khambhat (Arabian Sea).
This confirms the geographic facts regarding Tapti.
3
Evaluate coastal features (estuaries vs deltas) for west-flowing rivers
West-flowing rivers carry less silt across hard rocky terrain and form estuaries rather than deltas.
This refutes the assertion that Narmada and Tapti form extensive deltas.

Key Concept

West-flowing Peninsular Rivers and Rift Valley Drainage
Question 1392Question

Arrange the following key events and administrative policies of British colonial rule in India in correct chronological order, from earliest to latest:

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is: Passage of the Regulating Act (1773), Enactment of Pitt's India Act (1784), Implementation of the Permanent Settlement in Bengal (1793), and Passage of the Charter Act abolishing the commercial trade monopoly in India (1813).
The events occurred in sequential order: the Regulating Act was passed in 1773, followed by Pitt's India Act in 1784, the Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793, and the Charter Act removing the trade monopoly in 1813.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the date of the Regulating Act
1773
The Regulating Act was the first major legislative framework passed by the British Parliament to oversee the East India Company's governance in Bengal.
2
Determine the date of Pitt's India Act
1784
Pitt's India Act was enacted in 1784 to cure deficiencies in the Regulating Act of 1773 and subject the Company's political activities to parliamentary oversight.
3
Determine the date of the Permanent Settlement of Bengal
1793
Governor-General Lord Cornwallis institutionalized the Permanent Settlement system in 1793 to fix land revenue demand permanently with zamindars.
4
Determine the date of the Charter Act abolishing trade monopoly
1813
The Charter Act of 1813 renewed the Company's charter for another 20 years while ending its monopoly over general British trade in India.

Key Concept

Chronological evolution of British colonial acts, land revenue systems, and administrative policies in 18th and 19th-century India.
Question 1393Question

With reference to global human and economic geography, consider the following statements:

1. In the Demographic Transition Model, Stage 2 (Early Expanding) is marked by a rapid decline in mortality rates while birth rates remain high, resulting in a high rate of natural population increase.
2. The Ruhr region of Germany and the Pittsburgh-Appalachian belt of the United States developed into major heavy industrial centers primarily anchored on extensive coal deposits.
3. Mediterranean agriculture is characterized by heavy summer monsoon precipitation that supports large-scale plantation farming of rubber and sugarcane.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
The correct answer includes statements 1 and 2 only. Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model features falling death rates and high birth rates, while the Ruhr basin and Pittsburgh region historically expanded around major coal reserves. Statement 3 is wrong because Mediterranean climates feature dry summers and wet winters, specializing in orchard fruits and viticulture rather than tropical plantation crops like sugarcane and rubber.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding demographic transition.
Statement 1 is correct. In Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model, improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and food supply lower the death rate rapidly while birth rates remain high, causing high population growth.
Accurate application of population geography models.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding industrial location factors.
Statement 2 is correct. Both the Ruhr coalfield in Germany and the Appalachian coalfields in the United States served as primary resource bases for heavy iron and steel industrial agglomerations.
Accurate historical economic geography of heavy manufacturing belts.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding agricultural systems.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Mediterranean agriculture is characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Citrus fruits, olives, and grapes (viticulture) are major crops, whereas rubber and sugarcane are tropical plantation crops requiring high rainfall and temperature.
Distinguishes Mediterranean agricultural climatic constraints from equatorial/tropical crop requirements.

Key Concept

Demographic Transition Theory, Major World Industrial Belts, and Mediterranean Agricultural Systems
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1394Question

With reference to the atmospheric driving forces and mechanisms of the Indian Southwest Monsoon, consider the following statements:

1. The seasonal northward movement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Ganga Plain establishes the thermal monsoon trough essential for drawing cross-equatorial winds.
2. The Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ), positioned over the Indian Peninsula near 13N13^\circ\text{N} latitude during summer, facilitates upper-level divergence that reinforces the lower-level surface low-pressure system.
3. The intensification and position of the Mascarene High near the East African coast directly strengthen the cross-equatorial Somali Jet and the resultant moisture transport to the Indian subcontinent.
4. The Somali Jet is an upper-tropospheric westerly wind stream that impedes the inflow of moisture-laden Arabian Sea winds towards the Western Ghats.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 2, and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct, while statement 4 is incorrect because the Somali Jet is a low-level (not upper-tropospheric) cross-equatorial jet stream that transports massive moisture to India.
The option selecting statements 1, 2, and 3 only is correct because the northward movement of the ITCZ, upper-air divergence from the Tropical Easterly Jet, and the strong pressure gradient from the Mascarene High collectively establish the Indian southwest monsoon. The option incorrectly stating that the Somali Jet is an upper-tropospheric jet that impedes moisture is false, as the Somali Jet is low-level and strengthens monsoon rainfall.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding ITCZ shift
Statement 1 is correct.
During northern summer, the ITCZ shifts northward over the Ganga plain (around 20N20^\circ\text{N}25N25^\circ\text{N}), forming the equatorial trough of low pressure known as the monsoon trough.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ)
Statement 2 is correct.
The heating of the Tibetan Plateau gives rise to the Tropical Easterly Jet stream in the upper troposphere, creating upper-level divergence over South India which draws lower-level monsoon winds.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding Mascarene High
Statement 3 is correct.
A high-pressure cell near Madagascar (30S30^\circ\text{S}, 60E60^\circ\text{E}) acts as the Southern Hemisphere pressure origin; its strength correlates directly with strong cross-equatorial pressure gradients and monsoon rainfall.
4
Analyze Statement 4 regarding the Somali Jet
Statement 4 is incorrect.
The Somali (Findlater) Jet is a low-level jet stream (around 1.5 km1.5\text{ km} or 850 hPa850\text{ hPa}) off the horn of Africa, driving intense moisture-laden Arabian Sea winds towards western India, not an upper-tropospheric jet impeding moisture flow.

Key Concept

Modern Thermal and Dynamic Theories of the Indian Southwest Monsoon
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1395Question

Consider the following statements regarding the provisions and terms of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact) signed in March 1931:

1. The colonial administration agreed to release all political prisoners except those convicted of violent offences.
2. The British government explicitly conceded Mahatma Gandhi's demand for a public judicial inquiry into police atrocities committed during the Salt Satyagraha.
3. The right to peaceful and non-violent picketing of foreign cloth and liquor shops was accepted.
4. The government permitted coastal residents to manufacture salt for their own domestic consumption without paying tax.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 3 and 4 only

Answer

The correct option is the one stating that statements 1, 3, and 4 only are correct.
Under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed on March 5, 1931, the government agreed to: (1) release all political prisoners not convicted of violence, (2) return confiscated lands not yet sold to third parties, (3) permit peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops, and (4) allow people living near coasts to produce salt for personal consumption without tax. However, Viceroy Lord Irwin explicitly rejected two key demands: a public judicial inquiry into police excesses during the Salt Satyagraha and the commutation of the death sentences of Bhagat Singh and his comrades.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct. The British government agreed to release political prisoners who had not been charged with violent crimes.
This was a major point of discussion, which led to controversy regarding prisoners convicted of violent acts such as Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev.
2
Analyze Statement 2
Statement 2 is incorrect. Viceroy Irwin rejected the demand for an inquiry into police excesses.
Gandhi raised two main demands that were denied: an inquiry into police atrocities and the commutation of death sentences.
3
Analyze Statements 3 and 4
Statements 3 and 4 are correct. The government permitted peaceful picketing of liquor/cloth shops and allowed coastal villagers to make salt for home consumption.
These concessions formed part of the official pact signed on March 5, 1931, in Delhi.

Key Concept

Terms and Concessions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)
Question 1396Question

Consider the following statements regarding the anti-untouchability campaign and constructive work undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi in the early 1930s:

1. Following the Poona Pact of 1932, Mahatma Gandhi founded the All India Anti-Untouchability League and launched the weekly publication *Harijan*.
2. Gandhi's 21-day fast in May 1933 was undertaken primarily to protest against the British Government's Communal Award.
3. In November 1933, Mahatma Gandhi embarked on a nationwide 'Harijan Tour' starting from Wardha to campaign against untouchability.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 are correct, while Statement 2 is incorrect because Mahatma Gandhi's 21-day fast in May 1933 was undertaken for self-purification and the cause of anti-untouchability, not as a protest against the Communal Award (which occurred in September 1932).
The correct answer includes statements 1 and 3. Following the Poona Pact of September 1932, Mahatma Gandhi dedicated himself to the eradication of untouchability, founding the All India Anti-Untouchability League (Harijan Sevak Sangh) and launching the journal *Harijan*. In November 1933, he commenced a massive nationwide 'Harijan Tour' from Wardha. The statement claiming his May 1933 fast was against the Communal Award is wrong, as the fast against the Communal Award took place earlier in September 1932; the 21-day fast in May 1933 was intended for self-purification for the Harijan cause.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding post-Poona Pact organizations and publications.
Statement 1 is correct. After the Poona Pact (September 1932), Gandhi founded the All India Anti-Untouchability League (later renamed Harijan Sevak Sangh) and launched the weekly paper 'Harijan' in February 1933.
This marked the formal expansion of Gandhi's constructive work focused on social reform.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the specific purpose of the May 1933 fast.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Gandhi's fast unto death against the Communal Award's separate electorates took place in September 1932. In contrast, the 21-day fast in May 1933 was for self-purification and to urge workers to dedicate themselves to Harijan service.
It is essential to distinguish between the political fast of September 1932 against separate electorates and the socio-moral fast of May 1933.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the Harijan Tour of 1933.
Statement 3 is correct. Gandhi launched a 9-month nationwide Harijan Tour starting from Wardha on November 7, 1933, traveling over 20,000 km to collect funds for the Harijan Sevak Sangh and eradicate untouchability.
Wardha served as the headquarters for Gandhi's constructive social movement during this phase.

Key Concept

Gandhian Constructive Work and Anti-Untouchability Movement (1932–1934)
Question 1397Question

Consider the hydrological features, tributary orientations, and major water resource structures of the Cauvery River basin in Peninsular India. Which of the following statements regarding the Cauvery River system are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Unlike most other Peninsular rivers, the Cauvery River basin receives rainfall from both the Southwest Monsoon during summer and the Northeast Monsoon during winter, resulting in a relatively less seasonal fluctuation in its discharge.; Along its upper course in Karnataka, the Cauvery River splits into two branches to enclose sacred riverine islands including Srirangapatna and Sivasamudram before cascading down the Sivasamudram Falls.

Answer

The statements confirming that the Cauvery River receives rainfall from both monsoons and that it forms the riverine islands of Srirangapatna and Sivasamudram are correct.
The Cauvery River system is unique among Peninsular rivers due to its regime: its upper basin is fed by the Southwest monsoon during summer and its lower basin by the Northeast monsoon during winter, which keeps its water flow comparatively stable. Furthermore, the river bifurcates and reunites in Karnataka to form the famous riverine islands of Srirangapatna and Sivasamudram.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze hydrological regime and monsoon interaction
The Cauvery catchment receives precipitation from both the Southwest (upper basin) and Northeast monsoons (lower basin), leading to sustained flow.
Evaluating seasonal flow variation across Peninsular rivers.
2
Verify bank orientation of major tributaries
Left-bank tributaries: Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathi. Right-bank tributaries: Lakshmantirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Noyyal, Amaravati.
Identifying spatial orientation and confluence mechanics.
3
Examine physiographic features and islands in Karnataka
The river forms riverine islands at Srirangapatna and Sivasamudram in Karnataka.
Checking physical geomorphology along the river course.
4
Locate major water resource structures and dams
The Mettur Dam (Stanley Reservoir) is built across the Cauvery in Salem district, Tamil Nadu.
Matching water resource infrastructure to state locations.

Key Concept

Hydrological regimes, tributary bank orientations, and major dam projects of the Cauvery River system
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1398Question

Which of the following statements regarding the tributaries and hydrological characteristics of the Cauvery River basin are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The Hemavati and Arkavathi rivers join the Cauvery River as its left-bank tributaries.; The Bhavani and Amaravati rivers serve as major right-bank tributaries of the Cauvery.; The Cauvery River basin receives rainfall during both the Southwest monsoon and Northeast monsoon seasons.

Answer

The statements stating that Hemavati and Arkavathi are left-bank tributaries, Bhavani and Amaravati are right-bank tributaries, and that the basin receives rainfall from both monsoon seasons are correct.
The statements confirming Hemavati and Arkavathi as left-bank tributaries, Bhavani and Amaravati as right-bank tributaries, and the dual-monsoon rainfall regime of the Cauvery catchment are all geographically accurate facts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the origin of the Cauvery River
The Cauvery River originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri Hills of Kodagu, Karnataka. Trimbakeshwar is the source of the Godavari River.
Verifies geographical origin facts.
2
Classify tributaries by bank orientation
Left-bank tributaries include Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, and Arkavathi. Right-bank tributaries include Lakshmantirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Noyyal, and Amaravati.
Confirms correct left-bank and right-bank classifications.
3
Evaluate the hydrological regime and monsoon pattern of the basin
Upper reaches receive summer rainfall from the Southwest monsoon, while lower reaches in Tamil Nadu receive heavy winter rainfall from the Northeast monsoon.
Confirms the unique dual-monsoon catchment nature of the Cauvery River.

Key Concept

Cauvery River Basin Hydrology and Tributaries
Question 1399Question

Match the key administrative officials of the Mauryan Empire listed in List-I with their corresponding administrative functions in List-II as outlined in Arthashastra and Mauryan governance records:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Samaharta
Sannidhata
Vyavaharika
Antapal

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Samaharta matches with assessment and collection of state revenue; Sannidhata matches with custody of the royal treasury and storehouses; Vyavaharika matches with presiding judge over civil courts; and Antapal matches with management and defense of frontier forts.
The correct matches accurately reflect the central administrative framework of the Mauryan state: Samaharta collected revenue, Sannidhata kept custody of state funds and grain, Vyavaharika led civil judicial proceedings, and Antapal guarded imperial frontier forts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the fiscal administration roles in Kautilya's Arthashastra.
Identify Samaharta as the chief revenue collector and Sannidhata as the chief treasurer.
Mauryan central governance clearly separated the collection of state taxes (Samaharta) from the custodian storage of physical reserves and granaries (Sannidhata).
2
Examine the judicial designation in urban and imperial administrative hierarchies.
Identify Vyavaharika as the judge presiding over Dharmasthiya civil courts.
Civil litigation was handled by judicial officers called Vyavaharika, distinct from criminal judges known as Pradeshta.
3
Identify the border administration officer responsible for territorial security.
Match Antapal to the defense and security of frontier fortresses.
Antapal monitored border movement and protected outer provincial gateways into the Mauryan heartland.

Key Concept

Mauryan Imperial Administration and Administrative Terminology
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 1400Question

Match the physical landforms in List-I with their corresponding primary geomorphic agent in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Yardang
Cirque
Stalagmite
Tombolo

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Yardang matches with Wind (Aeolian) action; Cirque matches with Glacial erosion; Stalagmite matches with Groundwater (Karst) deposition; Tombolo matches with Wave and coastal current deposition.
Each feature correctly matches its primary agent: Yardangs are created by aeolian erosion in arid landscapes; Cirques are glacial erosion basins; Stalalagmites develop via karst groundwater precipitation; Tombolos represent wave-driven coastal deposition linking islands to the mainland.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the formation agent for Yardang
Yardangs are carved by wind abrasion operating on alternating hard and soft rocks in deserts.
Attributing landform to aeolian processes.
2
Identify the formation agent for Cirque
Cirques are classic arm-chair hollows created by alpine glacier pluck and abrasion.
Attributing landform to glacial processes.
3
Identify the formation agent for Stalagmite
Stalagmites build up from cave floors via groundwater solution and drip deposition.
Attributing landform to karst subsurface processes.
4
Identify the formation agent for Tombolo
Tombolos are coastal ridges created by wave refraction and sediment deposition.
Attributing landform to marine depositional processes.

Key Concept

Geomorphic Processes and Landforms
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