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Question 1461Question

Consider the following statements regarding major maritime chokepoints in global economic geography:

1. The Strait of Malacca connects the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea, serving as a primary sea lane for energy supplies entering East Asia.
2. The Bab-el-Mandeb Strait connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden, acting as a strategic link on the maritime trade route between Europe and Asia via the Suez Canal.
3. The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and is recognized as the world's most critical oil transit chokepoint.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 2 and 3

Answer

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
All three statements accurately define major global maritime trade bottlenecks. The Strait of Malacca links the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea; Bab-el-Mandeb links the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden; and the Strait of Hormuz links the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman, handling the highest volume of seaborne oil trade globally.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct. The Strait of Malacca is located between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra, connecting the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. It is a key maritime corridor for fuel and manufactured goods bound for East Asian markets.
Geographical location and economic trade flows match official oceanographic data.
2
Analyze Statement 2
Statement 2 is correct. The Bab-el-Mandeb Strait lies between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti/Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It links the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and forms part of the maritime highway connecting Asia to Europe via the Suez Canal.
Locational geography verifies its role in European-Asian trade transit.
3
Analyze Statement 3
Statement 3 is correct. The Strait of Hormuz lies between Oman and Iran, connecting the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It handles approximately one-fifth of global petroleum consumption transit daily, making it the premier global oil chokepoint.
Economic energy statistics confirm its role as the world's chief oil transit channel.

Key Concept

Strategic Maritime Chokepoints in World Trade and Economic Geography
Question 1462Question

Arrange the following natural vegetation types of India in ascending order based on their typical annual rainfall requirements:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct ascending order based on annual rainfall requirements is: Tropical Thorn and Scrub Forests (< 50 cm50\text{ cm}), Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests (70100 cm70\text{--}100\text{ cm}), Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests (100200 cm100\text{--}200\text{ cm}), and Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests (> 250 cm250\text{ cm}).
In Indian physical geography, annual rainfall is the primary determinant of natural vegetation boundaries. The rainfall thresholds increase from Tropical Thorn and Scrub Forests (<50 cm< 50\text{ cm}) to Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests (70100 cm70\text{--}100\text{ cm}), followed by Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests (100200 cm100\text{--}200\text{ cm}), and finally Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests (>250 cm> 250\text{ cm}).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the minimum annual rainfall threshold for Tropical Thorn and Scrub Forests.
Rainfall threshold is less than 50 cm50\text{ cm} per year.
Vegetation consists of acacias, euphorbias, and cacti adapted to low moisture levels.
2
Determine the climatic rainfall range for Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests.
Rainfall range is between 70 cm70\text{ cm} and 100 cm100\text{ cm} per year.
These forests shed leaves during dry seasons and represent an intermediate moisture regime.
3
Determine the precipitation requirement for Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests.
Rainfall range is between 100 cm100\text{ cm} and 200 cm200\text{ cm} per year.
Dominant species like Teak and Sal require moderate to heavy monsoon rainfall.
4
Identify the rainfall requirement for Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests.
Rainfall threshold exceeds 250 cm250\text{ cm} per year with high relative humidity.
Dense multi-layered canopy forests require continuous moisture availability.
5
Sequence the items from the lowest to highest precipitation threshold.
Sequence: Tropical Thorn and Scrub Forests \rightarrow Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests \rightarrow Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests \rightarrow Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests.
Precipitation increases systematically across these forest ecological zones.

Key Concept

Climatic Control of Natural Vegetation Distribution in India
Question 1463Question

Match the following pre-monsoon weather phenomena and local winds of India (List-I) with their primary regions or associated features (List-II):

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Loo
Mango Showers
Kalbaisakhi
Blossom Shower

Matches

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Answer

Loo matches with hot, dry summer winds of Northern India; Mango Showers match with pre-monsoon rains aiding mango ripening in Kerala/Karnataka; Kalbaisakhi matches with severe thunderstorms in West Bengal/Assam; Blossom Shower matches with coffee-blossoming showers in Karnataka.
Each local wind/shower is correctly matched to its defined geographical area and agricultural/meteorological effect: Loo corresponds to the hot, dry winds of the Northern Plains, Mango Showers assist mango ripening in Kerala and Karnataka, Kalbaisakhi represents severe spring storms in West Bengal and Assam, and Blossom Showers benefit coffee plants in Karnataka.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the characteristic features of Loo.
Loo is known as a hot, dry, scorching wind blowing across northern Indian plains in summer.
Matching thermal local winds of North India.
2
Identify Mango Showers and their agricultural significance.
Mango Showers are pre-monsoon rains near the end of summer in coastal Karnataka and Kerala that assist mango ripening.
Connecting local rainfall names with specific crop impacts and regions.
3
Identify Kalbaisakhi and its region.
Kalbaisakhi refers to thunderstorm activity in Bengal and Assam during spring.
Distinguishing regional pre-monsoon storm nomenclature.
4
Identify Blossom Shower.
Blossom showers bring early rains beneficial to coffee plantations in Karnataka.
Differentiating coffee-blossoming rains from general pre-monsoon showers.

Key Concept

Pre-monsoon local winds and rainfall phenomena of India
Question 1464Question

Which of the following statements regarding left-wing currents and revolutionary movements in British India during the 1920s and 1930s are correct?

Select all that apply

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Answer: The Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924 was initiated by the British colonial administration to prosecute early communist leaders including S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, and Shaukat Usmani.; The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was formally organized in 1934 with Acharya Narendra Deva as its President and Jayaprakash Narayan as its General Secretary.

Answer

The correct statements are those affirming that the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924 prosecuted early communist leaders including S.A. Dange and Muzaffar Ahmed, and that the Congress Socialist Party was established in 1934 under Acharya Narendra Deva and Jayaprakash Narayan.
The correct options accurately state historical details: the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924 targeted early communist leaders like S.A. Dange and Muzaffar Ahmed, and the Congress Socialist Party was established in 1934 with Acharya Narendra Deva as President and Jayaprakash Narayan as General Secretary.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate statement regarding the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case (1924).
Identify that the colonial government prosecuted early Marxist leaders like S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, and Shaukat Usmani for anti-imperialist political organizing.
Verify factual accuracy of trial names and key defendants.
2
Evaluate statement regarding the establishment of the Congress Socialist Party (1934).
Confirm that the CSP was formed in 1934 with Acharya Narendra Deva presiding and Jayaprakash Narayan serving as General Secretary.
Check organizational hierarchy and foundational dates of left-leaning congress groups.
3
Analyze the impact of the Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929).
Recognize that the Meerut trial led to severe state repression, culminating in the formal prohibition of the CPI in 1934.
Expose the historical error claiming the British unbanned the CPI as a result of the trial.
4
Distinguish between revolutionary publications and Gandhian essays.
Determine that Mahatma Gandhi authored 'The Cult of the Bomb', whereas 'The Philosophy of the Bomb' was the revolutionary rebuttal authored by Bhagwati Charan Vohra.
Correct the misattribution of authorship and ideological context.

Key Concept

Left-Wing Movements, Revolutionary Conspiracy Cases, and Ideological Literature in Modern India
Question 1465Question

Which of the following administrative reforms was specifically introduced by Lord Cornwallis through the Cornwallis Code of 1793?

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Answer: Separation of revenue administration from judicial administration at the district level

Answer

Separation of revenue administration from judicial administration at the district level
The Cornwallis Code of 1793 established the legal and administrative separation of revenue collection from judicial administration. Prior to this, the District Collector exercised both fiscal and judicial authority. Lord Cornwallis restricted the Collector solely to revenue management and created a distinct judicial hierarchy headed by District Judges.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary administrative objective of Lord Cornwallis in 1793.
Lord Cornwallis enacted the Cornwallis Code of 1793 to streamline administrative, revenue, and judicial functions.
The East India Company sought to prevent administrative corruption and power concentration in single offices.
2
Analyze the structural change made to the post of District Collector.
The Revenue Collector was divested of all judicial and magisterial duties, which were transferred to a newly created District and Sessions Judge.
This instituted the principle of separation of powers between executive revenue officers and the judiciary.

Key Concept

Separation of Revenue and Judicial Functions under Cornwallis Code (1793)
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 1466Question

With reference to Köppen's climatic classification of the Indian subcontinent, consider the following statements:

1. The Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu is categorized under the 'As' climate type, where the dry season occurs during the summer months.
2. The rain-shadow zone extending to the east of the Western Ghats is classified under the 'BShw' (semi-arid steppe) climate type.
3. The Gangetic Plain of northern India is designated under the 'Amw' climate type due to severe winter rainlessness and intense summer precipitation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 only are correct.
According to Köppen's climatic scheme for India:
- 'As' (Monsoon with dry summer) corresponds to the Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu, which receives its principal rain during winter from the North-East monsoon.
- 'BShw' (Semi-arid steppe) corresponds to the rain-shadow belt east of the Western Ghats, northern Gujarat, and parts of Rajasthan.
- 'Cwg' (Monsoon with dry winter) corresponds to the Ganga plain, eastern Rajasthan, and northern Madhya Pradesh.
- 'Amw' (Monsoon with short dry season) corresponds to the Western Coastal Plain south of Goa.
Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are accurate, while statement 3 is incorrect.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the climate of the Coromandel Coast.
Köppen designates 'As' as a tropical monsoon climate with a dry summer. The Coromandel Coast receives most of its rainfall from the retreating North-East monsoon during winter, making summer relatively dry. Statement 1 is correct.
The coastal belt of Tamil Nadu experiences seasonal rainfall reversal characteristic of the 'As' code.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the climate of the Western Ghats rain-shadow area.
The interior leeward side of the Western Ghats receives scanty rainfall and experiences semi-arid conditions, correctly classified under 'BShw' (semi-arid steppe). Statement 2 is correct.
BShw represents low-latitude semi-arid steppe environments created by orographic rain-shadow effects.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the climate classification of the Gangetic Plain.
The Gangetic Plain is classified as 'Cwg' (monsoon type with dry winter), not 'Amw'. 'Amw' represents the tropical monsoon climate with a short dry season along the Malabar Coast. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Confusing the Gangetic Plain's 'Cwg' code with the Western Coast's 'Amw' code is a common taxonomic error.

Key Concept

Köppen's Climate Classification of India
Question 1467Question

Arrange the following key treaties and administrative policies markinig British colonial expansion and governance in India in correct chronological order, starting from the earliest event to the latest.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct chronological order is: 1. Treaty of Allahabad (1765), 2. Treaty of Seringapatam (1792), 3. Treaty of Bassein (1802), and 4. Introduction of the Mahalwari System via Regulation VII (1822).
The correct sequence follows the exact timeline of East India Company expansion and administrative consolidation: Treaty of Allahabad was executed in 1765 after the Battle of Buxar; the Treaty of Seringapatam was signed in 1792 concluding the Third Anglo-Mysore War; the Treaty of Bassein was signed in December 1802 with Peshwa Baji Rao II; and the Mahalwari Land Revenue Settlement was given legal shape under Regulation VII of 1822.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the year of the Treaty of Allahabad
1765 (Diwani rights granted post-Buxar)
Establishes the earliest benchmark for East India Company's administrative and financial authority over Bengal.
2
Determine the date of the Treaty of Seringapatam
1792 (End of Third Anglo-Mysore War)
Marks a significant step in territorial annexation under Lord Cornwallis.
3
Identify the date of the Treaty of Bassein
1802 (Subsidiary Alliance signed by Peshwa Baji Rao II)
Demonstrates the expansion of Lord Wellesley's Subsidiary Alliance system into the Maratha heartland.
4
Determine the date of Regulation VII introducing the Mahalwari System
1822 (Holt Mackenzie's system implemented under Lord Hastings)
Represents the formal land revenue administrative policy established in the North-Western Provinces.

Key Concept

Chronology of British Territorial Annexation and Administrative Policies in Colonial India
Question 1468Question

With reference to the religious patronage and administrative reforms of Emperor Ashoka during the Mauryan Empire, which of the following statements is correct?

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Answer: The Third Buddhist Council was convened at Pataliputra under the patronage of Ashoka and presided over by Moggaliputta Tissa.

Answer

The Third Buddhist Council was convened at Pataliputra under the patronage of Ashoka and presided over by Moggaliputta Tissa.
The Third Buddhist Council was held during Emperor Ashoka's reign at Pataliputra, under the chairmanship of Moggaliputta Tissa. It focused on eliminating heresy and settling doctrinal differences within the Buddhist Sangha.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Ashoka's religious patronage initiatives and council patronage.
Ashoka convened the Third Buddhist Council at Pataliputra (modern Patna) around 250 BCE, presided over by Moggaliputta Tissa, where the Abhidhamma Pitaka was compiled.
Verifying the historical details of the Third Buddhist Council matches standard Mauryan history facts.
2
Evaluate the roles of Mauryan administrative officers and epigraphic features.
Dhamma Mahamattas were appointed specifically for Dhamma propagation (not Rajukas, who handled rural justice/taxation). Epigraphs used multiple scripts (Kharosthi, Aramaic, Greek) depending on geography. Sannidhata was the chief treasurer.
Eliminating options with misattributed administrative titles or linguistic errors.

Key Concept

Mauryan Administration and Ashokan Patronage of Buddhism
Question 1469Question

Match the major Gandhian movements and struggles in List-I with their primary historical significance in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)
Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
Dandi March (1930)

Matches

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Answer

Champaran Satyagraha (1917) matches with 'First civil disobedience movement led by Gandhi against European indigo planters'; Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) matches with 'First hunger strike undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi in India'; Kheda Satyagraha (1918) matches with 'First non-cooperation struggle involving peasant refusal of land revenue'; Dandi March (1930) matches with 'Marked the official inauguration of the nation-wide Civil Disobedience Movement'.
Each movement in List-I correctly corresponds to its defining milestone in Gandhian strategy: Champaran (1917) as the first civil disobedience movement, Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) as the first hunger strike, Kheda Satyagraha (1918) as the first non-cooperation struggle, and the Dandi March (1930) as the inauguration of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the significance of Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
Champaran represents Mahatma Gandhi's first application of civil disobedience in India to assist indigo peasants.
Gandhi defied court orders to leave Champaran, establishing the principle of non-violent civil disobedience.
2
Identify the significance of Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)
It was Gandhi's first hunger strike during a wage dispute between textile workers and mill owners.
Gandhi went on a fast to maintain the resolve and unity of the striking mill workers.
3
Identify the significance of Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
It was Gandhi's first non-cooperation movement, centered on non-payment of land revenue.
Peasants withheld revenue demands after crop yields fell below the legal threshold for tax suspension.
4
Identify the significance of Dandi March (1930)
It inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement through the symbolic defiance of the British salt tax.
Salt was chosen as a unifying national issue affecting every section of Indian society.

Key Concept

Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements
Question 1470Question

Consider the following statements regarding Indian temple architecture and Bhakti traditions:

1. The Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh is an early representative of the Panchayatana style in Nagara architecture featuring a shikhara.
2. The Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur was constructed under the patronage of Chola monarch Rajendra I and exemplifies the Vesara architectural tradition.
3. Saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu propagated the Saguna Bhakti tradition centered on Lord Krishna and introduced communal Sankirtana in Bengal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
The correct response identifies statements 1 and 3 as true. The 6th-century Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh showcases an early Panchayatana scheme in Nagara design. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu championed the Saguna Krishna-bhakti movement in Bengal using congregational chanting (Sankirtana). Meanwhile, the statement about Brihadisvara Temple is wrong because it was erected by Rajaraja I (not Rajendra I) and belongs strictly to the Dravida style (not Vesara).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh.
Statement 1 is factual. Built in the 6th century CE during the Gupta period, the temple is one of the earliest surviving examples of Nagara architecture adopting a Panchayatana plan (main shrine surrounded by four smaller subsidiary shrines).
Verify architectural layout and dynasty era for northern temple art.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur.
Statement 2 is false. The Brihadisvara Temple was built by Rajaraja I (Rajaraja Chola I), not Rajendra I, and is a quintessential masterpiece of Dravida architecture, not Vesara.
Cross-check royal patrons and regional architectural classifications.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
Statement 3 is factual. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534 CE) was a major saint of the Saguna Bhakti stream who emphasized intense personal devotion (prema-bhakti) to Radha-Krishna via ecstatic group singing (Sankirtana).
Confirm regional saint affiliations, philosophical streams, and devotional practices.

Key Concept

Classification of Temple Architectural Styles (Nagara vs. Dravida) and Regional Bhakti Movements
Question 1471Question

Consider the following statements regarding the administrative, legislative, and agrarian outcomes of 19th-century tribal and peasant uprisings in colonial India:

Statement I: The Kol Uprising (1831–1832) led by Buddho Bhagat was primarily triggered by the introduction of the Permanent Settlement of 1793 in Bengal and aimed to reinstate Mughal administrative revenue decrees.
Statement II: The Rampa Rebellion of 1879 in the Godavari agency area was largely driven by tribal resistance against the Abkari tax on toddy tapping and colonial restrictions on Podu (shifting) agriculture.
Statement III: The Ulgulan (Great Tumult) led by Birsa Munda compelled the British government to enact the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act of 1908, which restricted non-tribal land alienation and recognized Khuntkatti tenure rights.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Statements II and III only

Answer

Statements II and III only are correct.
The combination declaring Statements II and III as correct is the right answer. The Rampa Rebellion of 1879 was fought against Abkari duties on toddy and forest restrictions on Podu cultivation. Furthermore, the Birsa Munda Ulgulan directly influenced the enactment of the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act of 1908, protecting Khuntkatti rights and outlawing Bethbegari. Statement I is false because the Kol revolt was aimed against thikadars and British land transfers in Chota Nagpur rather than restoring Mughal administrative decrees under Permanent Settlement.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement I regarding the Kol Uprising (1831–1832).
Statement I is incorrect.
The Kol Uprising in Chota Nagpur was caused by the large-scale transfer of tribal lands to non-tribal merchants, moneylenders (dikus), and thikadars under British rule, not by a desire to restore Mughal revenue decrees or the Bengal Permanent Settlement of 1793.
2
Evaluate Statement II regarding the Rampa Rebellion of 1879.
Statement II is correct.
The Rampa Rebellion in the Godavari agency region of present-day Andhra Pradesh was directed against the oppressions of the local Mansabdar, the Abkari tax imposed on toddy tapping, and British forest laws restricting Podu (slash-and-burn) farming.
3
Evaluate Statement III regarding the Munda Ulgulan and the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act of 1908.
Statement III is correct.
Birsa Munda's Ulgulan (1899–1900) challenged the destruction of the traditional Khuntkatti (joint landholding) system and forced labor (Bethbegari), directly prompting the colonial state to pass the landmark Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act of 1908.

Key Concept

Legislative outcomes and socio-economic drivers of 19th-century tribal resistance in India
Question 1472Question

With reference to the Individual Satyagraha launched by Mahatma Gandhi in October 1940 during the Second World War, consider the following statements:

1. It was initiated primarily to affirm the freedom of speech against Britain's unilateral declaration of India's participation in the war effort, while avoiding a mass breakdown of law and order.
2. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was selected by Gandhi as the first Individual Satyagrahi, followed by Jawaharlal Nehru as the second.
3. The campaign gained the popular moniker 'Delhi Chalo Movement' because satyagrahis, if left unarrested after making anti-war declarations, were directed to march towards the capital.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 2 and 3

Answer

The correct answer is that all three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
All three statements are historically accurate. The Individual Satyagraha (October 1940) was Gandhi's measured response to the August Offer and war crisis, asserting the right to preach against war effort participation. Vinoba Bhave was the 1st satyagrahi and Jawaharlal Nehru the 2nd. It earned the name 'Delhi Chalo Movement' because unarrested satyagrahis were directed to march toward Delhi.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the objective of the movement.
Statement 1 is correct. Following the dissatisfaction with the August Offer of 1940, Gandhi launched the Individual Satyagraha to register a measured, non-violent protest asserting freedom of speech against dragging India into World War II without public consent, avoiding a premature mass struggle.
Gandhi wanted to show that Indian forbearance was not a sign of weakness while avoiding embarrassments to Britain during critical wartime moments.
2
Verify Statement 2 regarding the sequence of satyagrahis chosen.
Statement 2 is correct. Acharya Vinoba Bhave offered satyagraha first on October 17, 1940, at Paunar, Maharashtra, and Jawaharlal Nehru was the second satyagrahi chosen.
Gandhi handpicked satyagrahis based on strict adherence to non-violence and constructive work to maintain movement discipline.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the 'Delhi Chalo' designation.
Statement 3 is correct. If a chosen satyagrahi was not arrested immediately after delivering anti-war speeches, they were instructed to move from village to village while trekking towards Delhi, earning the campaign the title 'Delhi Chalo Movement'.
The march was designed to spread the message of non-cooperation with the war across rural hinterlands towards the political seat of power.

Key Concept

Individual Satyagraha of 1940 and its tactical framework
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1473Question

Among the following capital cities, which one is located at the furthest north latitude?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Moscow

Answer

Moscow is located at the furthest north latitude among the choices.
Moscow lies at approximately 55°45' N latitude, making it the northernmost capital among the options provided.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the approximate northern latitude for each capital city.
Moscow: 55°45' N, Berlin: 52°31' N, London: 51°30' N, Paris: 48°51' N.
Determining exact or approximate geographical coordinates enables direct spatial comparison.
2
Compare the latitude values to determine which city lies highest in the Northern Hemisphere.
Moscow (55°45' N) > Berlin (52°31' N) > London (51°30' N) > Paris (48°51' N).
In the Northern Hemisphere, a higher numerical latitude value corresponds to a position closer to the North Pole.

Key Concept

Latitudinal Locational Geography of World Cities
Question 1474Question

Match the major Indian rivers listed in List I with their corresponding tributaries in List II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Godavari
Krishna
Yamuna
Indus

Matches

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Answer

Godavari pairs with Pranhita, Krishna pairs with Tungabhadra, Yamuna pairs with Giri, and Indus pairs with Zanskar.
Godavari matches with Pranhita because Pranhita is its largest tributary formed by the confluence of the Wardha, Wainganga, and Penganga. Krishna matches with Tungabhadra, its principal southern tributary. Yamuna matches with Giri, a significant Himalayan tributary in Himachal Pradesh. Indus matches with Zanskar, which joins the Indus River in Ladakh.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze each main river in List I and recall its major river basin tributaries.
Godavari connects to Pranhita; Krishna connects to Tungabhadra; Yamuna connects to Giri; Indus connects to Zanskar.
Connecting each river system to its correct feeder stream confirms geographical knowledge of Indian drainage networks.

Key Concept

Drainage basins and tributaries of major Indian river systems
Question 1475Question

Arrange the following dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate in the correct chronological order of their establishment in India, from earliest to latest.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological order from earliest to latest is Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty, followed by the Khalji Dynasty, the Tughlaq Dynasty, and finally the Lodi Dynasty.
The major ruling dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate succeeded each other in the following chronological sequence: Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty (1206–1290 CE), Khalji Dynasty (1290–1320 CE), Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1414 CE), Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451 CE), and Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526 CE). Therefore, the correct arrangement of the listed dynasties is Mamluk Dynasty first, followed by Khalji, Tughlaq, and Lodi.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the foundation period of the Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty.
Founded in 1206 CE.
It is the earliest dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate established after Muhammad Ghori's campaigns.
2
Identify the foundation period of the Khalji Dynasty.
Founded in 1290 CE.
It succeeded the Mamluk Dynasty following the Khalji Revolution.
3
Identify the foundation period of the Tughlaq Dynasty.
Founded in 1320 CE.
It succeeded the Khalji Dynasty when Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq took power.
4
Identify the foundation period of the Lodi Dynasty.
Founded in 1451 CE.
It was the final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate before the Mughal conquest in 1526 CE.

Key Concept

Chronology of Delhi Sultanate Dynasties
Estimated Time:45s
Question 1476Question

With reference to the regional spread of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930, consider the following statements:

1. C. Rajagopalachari organized a Salt Satyagraha march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam along the Tanjore coast.
2. K. Kelappan organized a Salt Satyagraha march from Calicut to Payyanur in the Malabar region.
3. Sarojini Naidu, along with Imam Saheb and Manilal, led a non-violent raid on the Dharasana Salt Works.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 2 and 3

Answer

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
All three statements are historically accurate. During the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930, Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March inspired regional leaders across India to organize localized Salt Satyagrahas. C. Rajagopalachari led the Vedaranyam march in Tamil Nadu, K. Kelappan led the Payyanur march in Malabar, and Sarojini Naidu led the famous Dharasana Salt Raid in Gujarat.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Tamil Nadu
Statement 1 is correct. In April 1930, C. Rajagopalachari organized and led a salt march from Trichinopoly (Tiruchirappalli) to Vedaranyam on the Tanjore coast to break the salt law.
This was the primary center of Civil Disobedience in South India.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Kerala/Malabar
Statement 2 is correct. K. Kelappan, prominent Congress leader in Malabar, led a satyagraha march from Calicut to Payyanur to produce salt illegally.
This popularized the nationalist movement across the Malabar region.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Gujarat/Dharasana
Statement 3 is correct. Following Mahatma Gandhi's arrest, Sarojini Naidu, Imam Saheb, and Manilal led satyagrahis to non-violently march upon the Dharasana Salt Works in May 1930.
The brutal police lathi-charge on unarmed marchers at Dharasana was reported globally by journalist Webb Miller.

Key Concept

Regional Spread of the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)
Question 1477Question

With reference to the 19th-century socio-religious reform initiatives in Bengal, consider the following statements:

1. The Tattvabodhini Sabha was established by Debendranath Tagore in 1839 to promote theological studies based on the Upanishads.
2. The journal 'Tattvabodhini Patrika', edited by Akshay Kumar Dutt, actively promoted rationalism and scientific inquiry.
3. Keshab Chandra Sen founded the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj in 1878 following ideological differences with the original Brahmo movement.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 2 only
The statements confirming Debendranath Tagore's founding of the Tattvabodhini Sabha in 1839 and Akshay Kumar Dutt's rationalist editorial leadership of the Tattvabodhini Patrika are historically accurate. The statement attributing the founding of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj to Keshab Chandra Sen is wrong because Sen led the Brahmo Samaj of India, while his opponents formed the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj in 1878.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Tattvabodhini Sabha
Statement 1 is correct.
Debendranath Tagore founded the Tattvabodhini Sabha in 1839 (initially as Tattvaranjini Sabha) to counter Christian missionary propaganda and promote a rational study of the Upanishads and Vedantic philosophy.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Tattvabodhini Patrika
Statement 2 is correct.
Akshay Kumar Dutt served as the editor of the Tattvabodhini Patrika and introduced concepts of modern science, rationalism, and empirical logic into Bengali socio-religious literature.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Sadharan Brahmo Samaj
Statement 3 is incorrect.
Keshab Chandra Sen established the Brahmo Samaj of India in 1866. In 1878, due to his violation of anti-child-marriage principles by marrying off his 13-year-old daughter to the prince of Cooch Behar, his followers (Anandamohan Bose, Shibnath Shastri, Dwarkanath Ganguly) broke away to form the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj.

Key Concept

Organizational history and schisms of the Brahmo Samaj and Tattvabodhini Sabha
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 1478Question

With reference to the physiographic and relief features of Peninsular India, consider the following statements:

1. The Javadi Hills and Shevaroy Hills form prominent detached hill ranges in the southeastern part of the Eastern Ghats.
2. The Palghat Gap is a major relief break in the Western Ghats separating the Nilgiri Hills in the north from the Anaimalai Hills in the south.
3. The Western Coastal Plain is significantly broader than the Eastern Coastal Plain and is dominated by large prograding river deltas.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Eastern Coastal Plain is broader and features extensive deltas formed by major rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri, whereas the Western Coastal Plain is relatively narrow and characterized by estuaries and backwaters (kayals).
Statements 1 and 2 are geomorphologically accurate. The Javadi and Shevaroy hills constitute distinct offline ridges of the south-eastern Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu. The Palghat Gap acts as a major tectonic/erosional trough dividing the Nilgiri hills from the Anaimalai range. Statement 3 is false because the Eastern Coastal Plain is wider with well-developed river deltas, while the Western Coastal Plain is narrow and estuarine.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the Eastern Ghats relief features.
Statement 1 is correct.
The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and dissected by major Peninsular rivers. Prominent hill groups in Tamil Nadu, such as the Javadi, Shevaroy, Kalrayan, and Pachaimalai hills, form distinct southeastern components of this relief system.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the continuity and gaps of the Western Ghats.
Statement 2 is correct.
The Western Ghats are generally continuous but breached by major gaps such as the Palghat Gap (Palakkad Gap), which forms a low mountain pass between the Nilgiri Block to the north and the Anaimalai/Palani Hills to the south.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 comparing the Western and Eastern Coastal Plains.
Statement 3 is incorrect.
The Eastern Coastal Plain is a broad emergent coast featuring massive river deltas (Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri). In contrast, the Western Coastal Plain is predominantly a narrow submerged coast characterized by steep gradients, estuaries, and lagoonal formations rather than broad deltaic plains.

Key Concept

Physiographic contrasting features between Western Ghats/Coastal Plains and Eastern Ghats/Coastal Plains of Peninsular India.
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1479Question

Chronologically sequence the following key administrative decrees and dynastic events of medieval India, from the earliest to the latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological sequence is: Transfer of capital to Daulatabad (1327 CE) -> Foundation of Vijayanagara Empire (1336 CE) -> Promulgation of the Dahsala System (1580 CE) -> Coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1674 CE).
The correct sequence follows strict chronological order across medieval Indian history: First, Muhammad bin Tughlaq ordered the transfer of the capital to Daulatabad in 1327 CE. Second, Harihara I and Bukka I founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 CE. Third, Mughal Emperor Akbar implemented the Dahsala system of land revenue under Todar Mal in 1580 CE. Fourth, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was crowned at Raigad Fort in 1674 CE.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the historical epoch and date of the Delhi Sultanate capital shift
Muhammad bin Tughlaq ordered the capital transfer to Devagiri (renamed Daulatabad) in 1327 CE.
This took place during the peak administrative expansion of the Tughlaq dynasty.
2
Identify the founding year of the Vijayanagara Empire in South India
Harihara I and Bukka I established the empire and its Sangama ruling line in 1336 CE.
This regional kingdom arose shortly after the Tughlaq authority in the Deccan faced rebellions.
3
Determine the date of Akbar's Dahsala land revenue reform
Raja Todar Mal finalized the Dahsala (ten-year average yield assessment) system in 1580 CE.
This reformed land revenue administration during the mature phase of Mughal rule.
4
Identify the coronation date of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Shivaji was crowned sovereign ruler (Chhatrapati) at Raigad in 1674 CE.
This formalized Maratha administration and sovereignty in western India.

Key Concept

Chronological progression of Medieval Indian dynasties, administrative systems, and regional state formations.
Question 1480Question

During the months of October to December, coastal Tamil Nadu and adjacent regions receive a significant portion of their total annual rainfall. Which of the following wind systems is primarily responsible for bringing this winter precipitation to the Coromandel Coast?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: North-East Monsoon winds

Answer

North-East Monsoon winds
The North-East Monsoon winds blow from the land area of northeastern India toward the ocean. As they cross the Bay of Bengal, they absorb moisture and cause heavy rainfall along the Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu between October and December.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical region and seasonal timing mentioned in the stem.
The target region is the Coromandel Coast (Tamil Nadu) and the season is winter (October to December).
Rainfall patterns in India vary significantly across regions and seasons due to changing wind regimes.
2
Analyze the prevailing wind directions and moisture sources during the autumn/winter transition.
As the apparent position of the Sun shifts southwards, high pressure develops over Northern India and winds blow northeast to southwest (North-East Monsoon).
These winds cross the Bay of Bengal, pick up moisture, and strike the eastern coast of Tamil Nadu.
3
Select the option that correctly describes this wind system.
North-East Monsoon winds are the primary mechanism for winter rainfall on the Coromandel Coast.
This matches the seasonal wind reversal phenomenon of the Indian subcontinent.

Key Concept

North-East Monsoon and Seasonal Rainfall Distribution
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