Examkin

All practice questions

4581 questions

All types4,581Multiple choice2,372Multiple select712True / False174Numeric188Matching670Ordering415Fill in the blank20Short answer30
Question 1501Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the Ryotwari System of land revenue introduced under British colonial administration in India:

1. It was first introduced on an experimental basis in the Baramahal region by Captain Alexander Read after the Third Mysore War.
2. Under this system, the revenue demand was fixed permanently with individual peasants without any provision for future revision.
3. Sir Thomas Munro subsequently extended and standardized this system across the Madras Presidency during his tenure as Governor.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Ryotwari system was initially tried by Captain Alexander Read in Baramahal (1792) and later established across the Madras Presidency by Sir Thomas Munro. Unlike the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, the revenue demand in the Ryotwari system was temporary and subject to periodic re-assessment every 20 to 30 years.
Statements 1 and 3 are historically factual. The Ryotwari system directly recognized the cultivator (ryot) as the proprietor paying revenue directly to the state. It began with Captain Alexander Read in Baramahal and was brought to full scale by Sir Thomas Munro in Madras. Statement 2 is false because permanent revenue fixation was a feature of the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, whereas Ryotwari rates were periodically revised after land survey reassessments.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct. Captain Alexander Read introduced the Ryotwari system on a trial basis in the Baramahal district ceded by Tipu Sultan after the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1792).
Establishes historical origin of the system.
2
Analyze Statement 2
Statement 2 is incorrect. The permanent fixing of land revenue was the key feature of Cornwallis's Permanent Settlement in Bengal (1793). In the Ryotwari system, the state retained the right to revise revenue assessments periodically (typically every 20-30 years) based on soil survey and crop yield estimations.
Distinguishes between Ryotwari and Permanent Settlement revenue mechanisms.
3
Analyze Statement 3
Statement 3 is correct. Sir Thomas Munro championed the system and systematically extended it across most of the Madras Presidency during his governorship (1820–1827).
Verifies administrative expansion of the system.

Key Concept

Features and historical evolution of colonial British land revenue administration (Ryotwari System)
Question 1502Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the Charter Act of 1853:

1. It separated, for the first time, the legislative and executive functions of the Governor-General's Council.
2. It introduced an open competition system for the recruitment of civil servants, ending the patronage system of the Court of Directors.
3. It extended the East India Company's rule for a fixed period of twenty years, continuing the pattern of earlier Charter Acts.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 2 only
The Charter Act of 1853 instituted major structural reforms by separating legislative machinery from executive functions and opening covenanted civil service entry to competitive exams. Crucially, it broke the tradition of granting 20-year charter renewals, keeping the Company's power open-ended until parliamentary intervention.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding legislative-executive separation.
Statement 1 is correct. The Charter Act of 1853 added six new legislative members to the Governor-General's council, creating the Indian (Central) Legislative Council.
This marked the first formal separation of legislative functions from executive duties in colonial administration.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding civil service recruitment.
Statement 2 is correct. The Act abolished nomination patronage and introduced an open competitive examination system, leading to the appointment of the Macaulay Committee in 1854.
This opened the covenanted civil services to Indian candidates.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the duration of the Company's charter extension.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Earlier Charter Acts (1793, 1813, 1833) renewed the Company's charter for explicit 20-year intervals. The 1853 Act extended the Company's authority without specifying any fixed time limit, allowing Parliament to terminate it whenever deemed fit.
Omitting a fixed term facilitated the smooth transition of governance directly to the Crown following the 1857 Revolt.

Key Concept

Provisions of the Charter Act of 1853
Question 1503Question →

Consider the following statements regarding climatic phenomena and monsoon distribution across India:

1. Kalbaisakhi are violent pre-monsoon thunderstorms originating over the Chota Nagpur Plateau that bring localized rainfall to West Bengal and Assam.
2. The leeward rain-shadow zone of the Western Ghats leads to the development of a semi-arid steppe climate (BShwBShw under Köppen's classification) across parts of interior Karnataka and eastern Maharashtra.
3. The Shillong Plateau receives extraordinarily heavy rainfall during the monsoon season because its funnel-shaped relief traps moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea branch.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect because the Shillong Plateau intercepts the moisture-rich Bay of Bengal branch of the South-West Monsoon.
The statement combination containing only 1 and 2 is correct. Kalbaisakhi are indeed convective pre-monsoon thunderstorms originating over the Chota Nagpur Plateau, and the leeward side of the Western Ghats creates a semi-arid (BShwBShw) climate zone across interior Maharashtra and Karnataka. Statement 3 is false because the Meghalaya/Shillong Plateau receives rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch, not the Arabian Sea branch.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding pre-monsoon local storms.
Statement 1 is correct.
Kalbaisakhi (or Nor'westers) are localized convective rainstorms generated due to intense surface heating over the Chota Nagpur Plateau during April and May, moving eastward into West Bengal and Bangladesh.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding rain-shadow climatic zones.
Statement 2 is correct.
As moisture-laden Arabian Sea winds cross the Western Ghats, they shed most precipitation on the windward slopes. Desceding dry air on the eastern leeward side produces a semi-arid rain-shadow belt classified as BShwBShw under Köppen's system.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding monsoonal branches affecting Northeast India.
Statement 3 is incorrect.
The Shillong Plateau and Khasi Hills directly face the Bay of Bengal branch of the South-West monsoon. The funneling geometry of the hills forces this moisture-laden air to ascend rapidly, causing world-record rainfall at Cherrapunji and Mawsynram, not the Arabian Sea branch.

Key Concept

Spatial dynamics of Indian monsoon branches, local pre-monsoon disturbances, and rain-shadow climatic classification.
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1504Question →

During the historic Red Fort court-martial trials (1945–1946) of Indian National Army (INA) officers, a prominent legal team was assembled by the Indian National Congress to defend the accused. Which of the following statements regarding the court-martial and the defense arrangements is correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Bhulabhai Desai served as the chief defense advocate, supported by legal luminaries including Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Kailash Nath Katju, and Jawaharlal Nehru.

Answer

Bhulabhai Desai served as the chief defense advocate, supported by legal luminaries including Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Kailash Nath Katju, and Jawaharlal Nehru.
The defense of the INA officers during the historic 1945–1946 Red Fort Trials was led by Bhulabhai Desai as chief defense counsel. The Indian National Congress constituted the INA Defence Committee, which brought together top legal figures including Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Kailash Nath Katju, and Asaf Ali to plead the case of treason against the British Crown.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the historical context of the INA Red Fort Trials (1945–1946).
Recognize that the British Indian Army court-martialed key INA officers at the Red Fort in Delhi following World War II.
Understanding the background establishes the nature of the trial and the public response in colonial India.
2
Examine the legal representation organized for the accused INA officers.
The Indian National Congress formed the INA Defence Committee. Veteran lawyer Bhulabhai Desai led the court arguments, assisted by Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Kailash Nath Katju, and Asaf Ali.
Evaluating the composition of the defense counsel confirms which legal figures led the defense.
3
Analyze the composition of the accused officers and the ultimate outcome of the trial.
The first trial included Prem Sahgal, Shah Nawaz Khan, and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon (representing Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh communities). Sentences of deportation/imprisonment were remitted by Commander-in-Chief Auchinleck owing to massive popular pressure.
This step disproves the statements claiming communal homogeneity or execution of sentences.

Key Concept

INA Red Fort Trials and the INA Defence Committee (1945–1946)
Question 1505Question →

Arrange the following primary tributaries of the Indus River system in sequential order from North to South based on the latitude of their origins:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequential order of the Indus tributaries from North to South is Jhelum River, Chenab River, Ravi River, and Sutlej River.
The correct sequence from North to South starts with the Jhelum River (originating in Verinag, Kashmir Valley), followed by the Chenab River (originating near Bara-lacha La in Himachal Pradesh), then the Ravi River (originating near Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh), and concludes with the Sutlej River (originating near Lake Rakshastal in Tibet and entering Himachal Pradesh), representing a clear north-to-south gradient.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical origin coordinates and mountain ranges of each specified Indus tributary.
Jhelum originates at Verinag (Pir Panjal range), Chenab near Bara-lacha La (Zaskar range), Ravi near Rohtang Pass (Pir Panjal/Greater Himalayas), and Sutlej near Lake Rakshastal.
Determining exact source locations helps establish absolute latitudinal positions.
2
Compare the latitudes of origin for each river from highest to lowest.
Jhelum (~33.5° N) > Chenab (~32.7° N) > Ravi (~32.4° N) > Sutlej (~31.4° N).
Higher latitudes represent more northern geographic positions.
3
Assemble the final sequence in descending latitudinal order (North to South).
Jhelum River → Chenab River → Ravi River → Sutlej River.
This aligns with the standard geographical layout of the Panjnad tributaries across Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab.

Key Concept

Indus River System Spatial Distribution and Tributary Hierarchy
Question 1506Question →

Arrange the following historical events associated with revolutionary nationalism, left-wing organizations, and the Indian National Army in chronological order from earliest to latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological sequence is: Kakori Train Action (1925) → Foundation of the Congress Socialist Party (1934) → Establishment of the Forward Bloc (1939) → Commencement of the INA Red Fort Trials (1945).
The chronological order from earliest to latest is: Kakori Train Action (1925), Foundation of the Congress Socialist Party (1934), Establishment of the Forward Bloc (1939), and Commencement of the INA Red Fort Trials (1945).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the date of the Kakori Train Action.
The event occurred in August 1925.
It was executed by members of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) to secure state funds for revolutionary work.
2
Determine the year the Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was established.
The CSP was formed in 1934.
It emerged as an organized left-wing socialist wing within the Indian National Congress during the post-Civil Disobedience Movement period.
3
Determine the founding date of the Forward Bloc.
Subhas Chandra Bose founded the Forward Bloc in May 1939.
It aimed to consolidate left-wing political forces in India following internal ideological differences within the Congress.
4
Determine when the Red Fort INA Trials began.
The first public court-martial trials of INA officers began in November 1945.
The British Indian Army put Colonel Prem Sahgal, Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, and Major General Shah Nawaz Khan on trial at the Red Fort in Delhi.

Key Concept

Chronological progression of key revolutionary, socialist, and INA milestones in Indian National Movement
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 1507Question →

With reference to the early phase of the Indian National Congress (INC) and pre-Congress political associations, consider the following statements:

1. The Indian Association, established by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876, spearheaded a nationwide agitation against the reduction of the upper age limit for the Indian Civil Service examination.
2. The inaugural session of the Indian National Congress held at Bombay in December 1885 was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji.
3. Early Moderate nationalists used the economic critique known as the 'Drain of Wealth' theory to highlight systemic colonial exploitation.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 are correct.
The statement combination containing 1 and 3 only is correct. The Indian Association (1876) led the historic Civil Services Movement to protest against Lord Lytton's administrative policy reducing the maximum age for Indian candidates. Furthermore, the Moderate leaders placed the Drain of Wealth theory at the core of their political agitation. Statement 2 is false because Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee presided over the inaugural 1885 Bombay session, whereas Dadabhai Naoroji presided over the subsequent 1886 Calcutta session.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the Indian Association and Civil Service agitation.
Statement 1 is correct.
The Indian Association, founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose, organized an all-India protest when Lord Lytton reduced the maximum age for civil service examinations from 21 to 19 years.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the president of the first session of the INC in 1885.
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in December 1885 and was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee (W. C. Bonnerjee). Dadabhai Naoroji presided over the second session held in Calcutta in 1886.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the economic critique by Moderate leaders.
Statement 3 is correct.
Moderate leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji, R. C. Dutt, and Dinshaw Wacha formulated and popularized the 'Drain of Wealth' theory to show how Indian revenues were systematically transferred to Britain without economic return.

Key Concept

Pre-INC Associations, Early INC Leadership, and Moderate Economic Nationalism
Question 1508Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the phenomenon of Western Disturbances and their impact on Indian weather:

1. They originate as extratropical cyclones over the Mediterranean region and are steered towards the Indian subcontinent by the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.
2. The arrival of these disturbances is usually heralded by a sudden drop in night temperatures and clear skies over the northern plains.
3. They bring crucial winter rainfall to the north-western plains and heavy snowfall to the Western Himalayas, which is highly beneficial for the cultivation of Rabi crops such as wheat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 only are correct.
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Western Disturbances are extratropical weather systems originating over the Mediterranean region that are transported into India by the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream. They provide essential winter precipitation to the plains of north-western India and snowfall to the Himalayas, which is crucial for Rabi crops like wheat. Statement 2 is incorrect because an advance signal of their arrival is a rise in night temperatures caused by cloud cover trapping terrestrial radiation, whereas temperature drops occur after the disturbance exits.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding origin and mechanism.
Statement 1 is correct.
Western Disturbances are shallow extratropical depressions originating over the Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea, and Black Sea. They travel eastward and enter northwestern India driven by the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding meteorological advance indicators.
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The advance indicator of the arrival of Western Disturbances is an increase (rise) in night temperature accompanied by cloud cover that prevents terrestrial radiation loss. Cold wave conditions and drops in temperature occur after the disturbance passes away.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding rainfall distribution and economic significance.
Statement 3 is correct.
Rainfall caused by Western Disturbances in the plains (Punjab, Haryana, Western UP) and snow in the Himalayan region (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand) is vital for sustaining the winter (Rabi) crops, particularly wheat.

Key Concept

Western Disturbances mechanism, upper atmospheric jet stream steering, and agricultural impacts
Question 1509Question →

Match the medieval Delhi Sultanate administrative departments in List-I with their corresponding departmental functions in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Diwan-i-Wizarat
Diwan-i-Arz
Diwan-i-Insha
Diwan-i-Rasalat

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Diwan-i-Wizarat pairs with the Department of Finance and Revenue; Diwan-i-Arz pairs with the Department of Military and Army Affairs; Diwan-i-Insha pairs with the Department of Royal Correspondence and Records; and Diwan-i-Rasalat pairs with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Religious Matters.
The central government under the Delhi Sultanate was organized into specialized ministries: Diwan-i-Wizarat managed finance and revenue; Diwan-i-Arz oversaw army affairs and military organization; Diwan-i-Insha drafted royal correspondence and farmans; and Diwan-i-Rasalat handled foreign affairs and religious grants.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the administrative function of Diwan-i-Wizarat.
It corresponds to the Department of Finance and Revenue.
The Wazir led this key department overseeing income, taxation, and state budget during the Delhi Sultanate.
2
Identify the administrative function of Diwan-i-Arz.
It corresponds to the Department of Military and Army Affairs.
First institutionalized prominently by Ghiyasuddin Balban, it managed military recruitment and inspection.
3
Identify the administrative function of Diwan-i-Insha.
It corresponds to the Department of Royal Correspondence and Records.
This department handled diplomatic letters, royal edicts, and secretarial documentation for the Sultan.
4
Identify the administrative function of Diwan-i-Rasalat.
It corresponds to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Religious Matters.
It was responsible for external envoys, religious grants, and public grievances.

Key Concept

Central Administrative Departments of the Delhi Sultanate
Question 1510Question →

Consider the following statements regarding craft production and raw material procurement during the Harappan (Indus Valley) Civilization:

1. Shortughai in Afghanistan was a Harappan outpost established near the primary source of lapis lazuli.
2. Chanhudaro was a specialized settlement almost exclusively devoted to craft production such as bead-making, shell-cutting, and seal-making.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Both 1 and 2

Answer

Both 1 and 2 are correct
Both statements are correct. Shortughai in northeastern Afghanistan was purposefully established near the finest sources of prized blue lapis lazuli stone. Chanhudaro, unlike larger urban centers such as Mohenjodaro or Harappa, was almost completely devoted to specialized craft activities including bead making, shell cutting, metalworking, seal making, and standardized weight production.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding raw material procurement sites.
Statement 1 is correct. Archaeological evidence confirms that Shortughai in northern Afghanistan was located near Badakhshan, the prime source of lapis lazuli.
Harappans established distant outposts near specific mineral and gemstone locations to control trade networks.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding craft production centers.
Statement 2 is correct. Chanhudaro was a small site (7 hectares) exclusively dedicated to specialized craft activities, including bead making, shell cutting, seal making, and weight making.
Archaeological finds of raw materials, unfinished objects, rejected fragments, and tools at Chanhudaro identify it as a specialized manufacturing center.
3
Select the correct combination option.
Both 1 and 2 are correct.
Since both evaluated statements are factually accurate, the option stating both statements are correct is the true answer.

Key Concept

Harappan Craft Specialization and Raw Material Trade Outposts
Question 1511Question →

Arrange the following key constitutional proposals and negotiations concerning the transfer of power in India in correct chronological order from earliest to latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological sequence of constitutional events from earliest to latest is: Announcement of the August Offer by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow (August 1940) → Arrival and presentation of proposals by the Cripps Mission (March 1942) → Formulation of the Desai-Liaquat Pact for interim governance (January 1945) → Convening of the Shimla Conference under the Wavell Plan (June 1945) → Official release of the Cabinet Mission Plan (May 1946).
The correct sequence begins with the August Offer in August 1940, followed by the Cripps Mission in March 1942. As wartime political stalemate continued, the informal Desai-Liaquat Pact was drafted in January 1945. Lord Wavell then convened the Shimla Conference in June 1945 based on his plan. Finally, after post-war elections, the British Cabinet Mission announced its structural plan on May 16, 1946.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the exact historical date of the August Offer
August 8, 1940: Issued by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow to secure Indian support during World War II.
Establishes the starting baseline among wartime constitutional proposals.
2
Identify the exact historical date of the Cripps Mission
March 1942: Sent by the British War Cabinet following Japanese advance in Southeast Asia.
Occurred after the failure of the August Offer to gain nationalist cooperation.
3
Identify the exact historical date of the Desai-Liaquat Pact
January 1945: Private negotiation between Congress Leader Bhulabhai Desai and Muslim League Leader Liaquat Ali Khan.
Attempted to break the political deadlock prior to the official Wavell initiative.
4
Identify the exact historical date of the Shimla Conference / Wavell Plan
June 25 – July 14, 1945: High-level conference convened at Shimla after European war concluded.
Followed the Desai-Liaquat talks but broke down over the Muslim League's insistence on being the sole representative of Muslims.
5
Identify the exact historical date of the Cabinet Mission Plan
May 16, 1946: Cabinet Delegation (Pethick-Lawrence, Cripps, Alexander) announced their constitutional scheme.
Represented the final major British effort to keep India united before ultimate transfer of power.

Key Concept

Chronological progression of World War II and post-war constitutional negotiations leading to the transfer of power in India.
Question 1512Question →

With reference to mineral resources in India, consider the following statements:

1. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is known as the mineral heartland of India, housing rich reserves of coal, iron ore, and mica.
2. Kudremukh in Karnataka is majorly known for its vast bauxite reserves.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 only

Answer

Statement 1 only is correct.
The Chota Nagpur Plateau is known as the mineral heartland of India as it contains major deposits of coal, iron ore, manganese, and mica. Kudremukh in Karnataka is famous for its rich magnetite iron ore deposits rather than bauxite reserves.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
Statement 1 is true. The Chota Nagpur Plateau covers parts of Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh, and is widely referred to as the mineral heartland of India due to immense coal and iron ore reserves.
Geological formations in this plateau are rich in metallic and non-metallic minerals.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Kudremukh in Karnataka.
Statement 2 is false. Kudremukh is situated in the Chikmagalur district of Karnataka and is well known for iron ore deposits (magnetite type), whereas Odisha leads in bauxite production.
Confusing major mineral belts (iron ore vs. bauxite deposits) leads to misidentification of mining centers.

Key Concept

Geographic Distribution of Metallic and Non-Metallic Minerals in India
Estimated Time:45s
Question 1513Question →

Which of the following weather systems is primarily responsible for causing winter rainfall and snowfall in the north-western regions of India, benefiting the cultivation of Rabi crops such as wheat?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Western Disturbances

Answer

Western Disturbances are the weather systems responsible for winter precipitation in north-western India.
Western Disturbances are extratropical storms originating in the Mediterranean region that migrate eastward driven by westerly jet streams. Upon reaching the Indian subcontinent, they cause light to moderate winter rainfall in the plains of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, as well as snowfall in Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, which is highly beneficial for Rabi crops.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the season and region specified in the stem.
The target season is winter, and the geographic focus is north-western India.
Different atmospheric phenomena govern summer versus winter rainfall patterns across Indian subregions.
2
Analyze the atmospheric mechanism driving winter precipitation in north-western India.
Non-monsoons cyclonic depressions originating over the Mediterranean Sea, known as Western Disturbances, are carried by the westerly jet stream toward India.
These disturbances bring low to moderate rainfall to the plains and snowfall to the western Himalayas during December through February.

Key Concept

Western Disturbances and Winter Rainfall in India
Question 1514Question →

Match the Delhi Sultanate administrative departments listed in List-I with their primary governmental functions described in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Diwan-i-Mustakhraj
Diwan-i-Kohi
Diwan-i-Insha
Diwan-i-Rasalat

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Diwan-i-Mustakhraj corresponds to the department for auditing revenue arrears; Diwan-i-Kohi corresponds to agricultural expansion and loans; Diwan-i-Insha corresponds to state correspondence and imperial drafts; Diwan-i-Rasalat corresponds to religious affairs and diplomatic matters.
Each administrative department of the Delhi Sultanate had specialized duties: Diwan-i-Mustakhraj audited revenue balances, Diwan-i-Kohi directed agricultural expansion, Diwan-i-Insha executed royal secretarial correspondence, and Diwan-i-Rasalat dealt with religious, charitable, and diplomatic matters.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the function of Diwan-i-Mustakhraj
Recognize that Alauddin Khalji created Diwan-i-Mustakhraj to audit revenue records and collect uncollected land tax arrears from revenue agents.
Prevents confusing revenue collection auditing departments with agricultural extension bodies.
2
Identify the function of Diwan-i-Kohi
Associate Diwan-i-Kohi (Amir-Kohi) with Muhammad bin Tughlaq's agrarian experiments aimed at expanding cultivated area and administering direct agricultural loans.
Differentiates general land revenue auditing from dedicated agricultural development departments.
3
Identify the function of Diwan-i-Insha and Diwan-i-Rasalat
Map Diwan-i-Insha to official correspondence/records under the chief secretary (Dabir-i-Khas) and Diwan-i-Rasalat to religious affairs and foreign appeals.
Establishes correct administrative division between internal imperial secretarial duties and religious/diplomatic portfolios.

Key Concept

Central Administrative Departments of the Delhi Sultanate
Question 1515Question →

Which of the following statements regarding the Indus River system and its tributaries are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The Jhelum River originates from the Verinag Spring at the foot of the Pir Panjal Range and passes through Wular Lake.; The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga streams at Tandi in Himachal Pradesh and is the largest tributary of the Indus.

Answer

The correct statements are that the Jhelum River originates from Verinag Spring and flows through Wular Lake, and that the Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga streams at Tandi and is the largest tributary of the Indus.
The statements describing the Jhelum and Chenab rivers are correct. The Jhelum originates from Verinag Spring at the base of the Pir Panjal Range and drains into Wular Lake. The Chenab is created by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers at Tandi in Himachal Pradesh and constitutes the largest tributary of the Indus River System.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the statement regarding the Jhelum River's origin and course.
Confirmed correct: Jhelum rises at Verinag Spring in the Kashmir Valley, flows through Srinagar and Wular Lake.
This matches standard hydrological geography of the upper Indus basin.
2
Analyze the tributary orientation of the Shyok and Gilgit rivers.
Confirmed incorrect: Shyok and Gilgit join the northern/right bank of the Indus from the Karakoram region.
Confusing left-bank and right-bank tributaries is a common orientation error.
3
Evaluate the formation and scale of the Chenab River.
Confirmed correct: Chandra and Bhaga unite at Tandi in Lahaul-Spiti to form the Chandrabhaga (Chenab), which is the largest Indus tributary.
Accurately represents the fluvial geography of Himachal Pradesh and the Indus basin.
4
Examine the geographical origin and drainage flow of the Sutlej River.
Confirmed incorrect: Sutlej originates in Tibet (Lake Rakshastal) and flows west toward the Indus system, not east from the Western Ghats.
Mislocating trans-Himalayan river origins leads to erroneous drainage classification.

Key Concept

Indus River Basin Tributaries and Geographical Origins
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 1516Question →

Consider the following statements regarding early left-wing currents and trial cases in colonial India:

1. The Communist Party of India (CPI) was initially formed in Tashkent in October 1920 following the Second Congress of the Comintern.
2. The Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924 was instituted by the colonial administration against trade union leaders including S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, and Shaukat Usmani.
3. The Meerut Conspiracy Case of 1929 prosecuted exclusively Indian revolutionary activists, with no British or foreign trade unionists named among the accused.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because British activists Philip Spratt, Benjamin Bradley, and Lester Hutchinson were arrested and tried alongside Indian leaders in the Meerut Conspiracy Case.
The option stating '1 and 2 only' is correct because the CPI was established in Tashkent in October 1920 by M.N. Roy and colleagues, and the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case (1924) resulted in the conviction of S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, and Shaukat Usmani. Statement 3 is false because three British nationals (Philip Spratt, Benjamin Bradley, and Lester Hutchinson) were prominent defendants in the Meerut trial.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the formation of the Communist Party of India in Tashkent.
Statement 1 is CORRECT. M.N. Roy, Evelyn Roy-Trent, Abani Mukherji, and others founded the CPI in Tashkent in October 1920 after the 2nd Congress of the Communist International.
Verify historical origin of the communist organizational apparatus outside India.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924.
Statement 2 is CORRECT. In 1924, the British government tried S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Shaukat Usmani, Nalini Gupta, and others for attempting to deprive the King-Emperor of his sovereignty.
Check key defendants in the 1924 Kanpur Conspiracy trial.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the composition of the accused in the Meerut Conspiracy Case of 1929.
Statement 3 is INCORRECT. The trial included 31 labour organizers, among whom were three British trade unionists: Philip Spratt, Benjamin Francis Bradley, and Lester Hutchinson.
Identify international involvement in Indian trade union activities during the late 1920s.

Key Concept

Early Left-Wing Movements and Colonial Conspiracy Cases in India
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 1517Question →

Match the local wind systems listed in List-I with their corresponding regional locations or geographical characteristics in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Chinook
Foehn
Mistral
Sirocco

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Chinook corresponds to the Eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains; Foehn corresponds to the Northern slopes of the Alps; Mistral corresponds to the Rhone Valley of France; and Sirocco corresponds to the Sahara Desert blowing towards the Mediterranean.
Chinook matches with the Rocky Mountains leeward slopes, Foehn matches with the Alpine leeward slopes, Mistral matches with the Rhone Valley cold wind pathway, and Sirocco matches with the Sahara-to-Mediterranean hot air flow.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the regional context for Chinook winds
Chinook is a warm dry wind on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in western North America.
As air moves over the Rockies and descends the lee slope, it warms adiabatically.
2
Identify the regional context for Foehn winds
Foehn is a warm dry wind characteristic of the northern slopes of the Alps in Central Europe.
Moisture is lost on the windward side, causing dry adiabatic descent on the leeward Alpine valleys.
3
Identify the regional context for Mistral winds
Mistral is a cold, dry wind channelled through the Rhone Valley in southern France.
High atmospheric pressure over Europe pushes cold air south through narrow river valleys towards the warmer Mediterranean sea.
4
Identify the regional context for Sirocco winds
Sirocco originates in the Sahara Desert and travels northwards across the Mediterranean Sea.
Tropical air masses pick up moisture over the Mediterranean, bringing warm, humid, dust-bearing weather to southern Europe.

Key Concept

Local Winds and Regional Climatology
Question 1518Question →

With reference to the distribution of mineral resources in India, consider the following statements:

1. Gondwana coal fields account for over 95% of India's total coal reserves and are primarily concentrated in river valleys such as Damodar, Mahanadi, and Son.
2. The Bailadila mining range in Chhattisgarh is world-renowned for its vast deposits of high-grade magnetite iron ore.
3. Panchpatmali in the Koraput district of Odisha is a major deposit of bauxite in India.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 are correct.
Gondwana coal fields constitute nearly 98% of India's coal reserves along major river valleys (Damodar, Mahanadi, Son, Godavari). Panchpatmali in Koraput district, Odisha, hosts the country's most prominent bauxite deposit. Statement 2 is false because Bailadila is known for high-grade hematite iron ore, whereas magnetite is majorly found in Kudremukh (Karnataka) and parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1
Statement 1 is true.
Gondwana coal belongs to the Upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic era and accounts for about 98% of total reserves and 99% of production in India, situated in peninsular river basins (Damodar, Mahanadi, Son, Godavari).
2
Analyze Statement 2
Statement 2 is false.
The Bailadila range in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh contains massive deposits of high-grade hematite (not magnetite) iron ore.
3
Analyze Statement 3
Statement 3 is true.
Odisha is the largest producer of bauxite in India, with major deposits located in Panchpatmali (Koraput district) and Kalahandi-Bolangir belts.

Key Concept

Geological distribution of coal, iron ore, and bauxite resources across major mineral belts in India.
Question 1519Question →

Match List-I (Prominent Physical Feature / Region of the World) with List-II (Primary Country / Location) and identify the correct pairs:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Danakil Depression
Gibson Desert
Dasht-e Lut
Pantanal Wetland

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The Danakil Depression corresponds to Ethiopia, the Gibson Desert corresponds to Australia, Dasht-e Lut corresponds to Iran, and the Pantanal Wetland corresponds to Brazil.
The correct pairings link each major geographical feature to its primary host country: the Danakil Depression to Ethiopia in East Africa, the Gibson Desert to Australia, Dasht-e Lut to Iran in Western Asia, and the Pantanal Wetland to Brazil in South America.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical position of the Danakil Depression
It is situated in the Afar Triangle of northeastern Ethiopia.
It forms part of the East African Rift system.
2
Identify the geographical position of the Gibson Desert
It lies in Western Australia between the Great Sandy Desert and the Great Victoria Desert.
It is an arid plateau region characteristic of the Australian Outback.
3
Identify the geographical position of Dasht-e Lut
It is located in the southeastern interior of Iran.
It represents an arid endorheic basin in Eurasia.
4
Identify the geographical position of the Pantanal Wetland
It is located predominantly in the Mato Grosso do Sul state of Brazil.
It forms an immense alluvial plain in interior South America.

Key Concept

Regional distribution of global landforms, arid basins, and wetlands across continents.
Question 1520Question →

Which of the following was the immediate trigger for the outbreak of the Revolt of 1857 among the sepoys of the British Indian Army?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The introduction of the Enfield rifle with greased cartridges

Answer

The introduction of the Enfield rifle with greased cartridges was the immediate trigger for the Revolt of 1857.
The introduction of the Enfield rifle required soldiers to bite off the ends of greased paper cartridges. Rumors that the grease contained cow and pig fat deeply outraged both Hindu and Muslim sepoys, acting as the immediate spark for the mutiny in early 1857.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the immediate military trigger of the 1857 Revolt.
The introduction of the new Enfield rifle required sepoys to bite off the paper cartridge ends before loading.
Rumors spread that the grease used on the cartridges contained tallow from cows (sacred to Hindus) and lard from pigs (forbidden to Muslims).
2
Evaluate the chronological timeframe of the alternative options.
The Vernacular Press Act (1878), Ilbert Bill (1883), and Rowlatt Act (1919) occurred decades after 1857.
Differentiating 19th and 20th-century colonial legislation rules out the incorrect options.

Key Concept

Immediate Cause of the Revolt of 1857
PreviousPage 76 / 230Next
All practice questions — State PSC Exam | Examkin