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Question 1561Question →

Regarding the ideological evolution, leadership, and organizational development of revolutionary nationalist and left-wing currents in India during the 1920s and 1930s, which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The revolutionary document titled 'The Philosophy of the Bomb' was authored by Bhagwati Charan Vohra to articulate the ideological stance of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in response to Mahatma Gandhi's critique.; The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was formally launched in 1934 at Patna under the presidency of Acharya Narendra Deva, with Jayaprakash Narayan serving as its General Secretary.

Answer

The correct statements are that 'The Philosophy of the Bomb' was written by Bhagwati Charan Vohra in response to Mahatma Gandhi, and that the Congress Socialist Party was established in 1934 under Acharya Narendra Deva and Jayaprakash Narayan.
The statement regarding 'The Philosophy of the Bomb' is accurate because Bhagwati Charan Vohra authored it to articulate the socialist and revolutionary vision of HSRA following Gandhi's critique. The statement regarding the Congress Socialist Party is also accurate, as the party was founded in 1934 in Patna with Acharya Narendra Deva as President and Jayaprakash Narayan as General Secretary.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the manifesto of the HSRA and its authorship.
Bhagwati Charan Vohra drafted 'The Philosophy of the Bomb' in late 1929/early 1930 to defend revolutionary methods against Mahatma Gandhi's essay 'The Cult of the Bomb'.
It represents a critical ideological document clarifying the goals of HSRA beyond individual heroic acts.
2
Examine the formation of the Congress Socialist Party (CSP).
The CSP was organized within the INC framework in 1934 at Patna, with Acharya Narendra Deva presiding and Jayaprakash Narayan appointed as General Secretary.
This marked the formal consolidation of Marxist and socialist currents within the Indian National Congress.
3
Verify the leadership responsible for transforming HRA into HSRA in 1928.
The historic meeting at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi (September 1928) was driven by Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Shiv Verma, adopting socialism as their explicit goal. Neither Subhas Chandra Bose nor M. N. Roy convened this meeting.
Attributing the leadership of this revolutionary gathering to Bose or Roy misidentifies key organizational figures.
4
Analyze the context of the Meerut Conspiracy Case.
The Meerut Conspiracy Trial started in 1929 against 31 labor leaders and communists, long before the formation of the Indian National Army (INA) during World War II.
Confusing a 1929 labor trial with the 1945–46 INA trials represents a major chronological and institutional misattribution.

Key Concept

Ideological expansion of Revolutionary Nationalism (HSRA) and Left-Wing political consolidation (CSP) in interwar colonial India.
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1562Question →

Which of the following global industrial regions is correctly matched with its primary mineral resource base and associated manufacturing industry?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Mesabi Range (United States) – High-grade iron ore deposits supporting the Great Lakes iron and steel complex

Answer

The Mesabi Range in the United States is correctly matched with high-grade iron ore deposits supporting the Great Lakes iron and steel industrial complex.
The Mesabi Range in Minnesota, USA, is historically one of the largest producers of iron ore in North America. Its proximity to Lake Superior facilitated low-cost bulk water transportation to the major steel-manufacturing cities of the Great Lakes industrial region.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the geographical location and mineral resource of the Mesabi Range.
The Mesabi Range, located west of Lake Superior in Minnesota, USA, contains extensive iron ore deposits.
Identifying the primary resource base is essential for understanding regional industrial location and economic geography.
2
Evaluate the economic-geographic linkage between the raw material location and manufacturing centers.
Iron ore transported via the Great Lakes shipping routes supplied major steel-producing centers such as Chicago, Gary, Detroit, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh.
Heavy industries locate near raw material sources or cheap water transport routes due to bulk freight economic principles.
3
Verify the incorrect assertions in the alternative options.
Donbas is primarily a coal basin, the Katanga-Zambia belt is a major copper-cobalt zone, and Silesia is an inland coal-mining region.
Eliminating mismatched resource-region pairings confirms the unique accuracy of the Mesabi Range pairing.

Key Concept

Global Industrial Regions and Mineral Resource Distribution
Question 1563Question →

In which Part of the Constitution of India are the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) enumerated?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Part IV

Answer

The Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution of India.
Part IV of the Constitution of India, comprising Articles 36 to 51, specifies the Directive Principles of State Policy. These principles provide socio-economic guidelines for state policy and lawmaking to establish a welfare state.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the constitutional domain requested in the stem
The target domain is the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
The question specifically asks for the location of Directive Principles within the structure of the Indian Constitution.
2
Recall the relevant Part and Articles of the Indian Constitution
The Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in Part IV, covering Articles 36 to 51.
The framers borrowed these principles from the Irish Constitution to guide governance toward a welfare state.

Key Concept

Parts of the Indian Constitution: Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV)
Question 1564Question →

Match the major mining centers of India in List-I with their corresponding primary mineral resources in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Neyveli
Kodarma
Zawar
Panna

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Neyveli matches with Lignite, Kodarma matches with Mica, Zawar matches with Lead and Zinc, and Panna matches with Diamond.
The correctly matched pairs associate Neyveli with lignite, Kodarma with mica, Zawar with lead and zinc, and Panna with diamond based on India's primary mining regional geography.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the mineral associated with Neyveli
Neyveli (Tamil Nadu) is known for open-cast lignite mining.
It holds the largest Tertiary lignite deposits in southern India.
2
Identify the mineral associated with Kodarma
Kodarma (Jharkhand) yields high-grade muscovite mica.
It lies along the Northern fringe of the Chota Nagpur Plateau mica belt.
3
Identify the mineral associated with Zawar
Zawar (Rajasthan) is famous for lead and zinc ore reserves.
These ancient mining sites host major zinc-lead sulfide ore bodies.
4
Identify the mineral associated with Panna
Panna (Madhya Pradesh) is famous for diamond mining.
It is home to the Majhgawan diamond mine operated by NMDC.

Key Concept

Geographical distribution of major mineral resources and mining centers in India
Question 1565Question →

Which of the following statements correctly describes the distribution and geological occurrence of non-ferrous and strategic mineral resources in India?

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Answer: The Zawar mining belt in Rajasthan is India's principal source of lead and zinc ores, hosted mainly within Proterozoic dolomite rocks of the Aravalli Supergroup.

Answer

The statement identifying the Zawar mining belt in Rajasthan as India's principal lead and zinc deposit hosted in Proterozoic dolomite rocks of the Aravalli Supergroup is correct.
The Zawar mining belt situated near Udaipur in Rajasthan represents India's primary producing field for lead and zinc (sphalerite and galena). Geologically, these stratabound deposits occur within Proterozoic crystalline dolomite and quartzite formations belonging to the Aravalli Supergroup.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the geological host rock and primary mineral association for the Zawar mining belt.
Zawar (Rajasthan) is a major lead-zinc deposit hosted in Proterozoic carbonate (dolomite/quartzite) rocks of the Aravalli system.
Confirms the factual accuracy of the mineral distribution and geological setting of Zawar.
2
Evaluate the mineral associations for Sukinda, Panna, and Malanjkhand.
Sukinda contains chromite in ultramafics, Panna yields diamonds in Kimberlite/conglomerates, and Malanjkhand holds copper in granites.
Identifies the incorrect pairings of mineral types and geological environments in the distractor options.

Key Concept

Geological occurrence and regional distribution of non-ferrous mineral belts in India
Question 1566Question →

Arrange the following atmospheric and meteorological developments associated with the upper atmospheric dynamic mechanism of the South-West Monsoon onset over India in their correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological sequence of events leading to the South-West Monsoon onset is: 1. Intense solar heating of the Indian subcontinent and Tibetan Plateau → 2. Abrupt northward displacement of the Subtropical Westerly Jet stream north of the Himalayas → 3. Establishment of the Tropical Easterly Jet stream over Peninsular India → 4. Sudden northward movement of the ITCZ triggering the 'burst' of monsoon over Kerala.
The onset mechanism of the South-West monsoon involves a linked chain of thermal and dynamic events. First, intense seasonal solar heating warms the Indian subcontinent and Tibetan Plateau. This thermal engine forces the Subtropical Westerly Jet stream (STWJ) to abruptly jump north of the Himalayas. The resulting upper-air warm anticyclone over Tibet establishes the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) over peninsular India. The strong upper-level divergence associated with the TEJ dynamically pulls the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) northward, drawing the moist south-west monsoon currents onto the Kerala coast to mark the official monsoon burst.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the foundational thermal trigger.
Solar radiation intense heating of the landmass and Tibetan Plateau establishes strong surface low pressure and thermal warming aloft in early summer.
Without surface differential heating and high plateau warming, the upper atmospheric pressure gradient cannot reverse.
2
Trace the upper-tropospheric jet stream relocation.
The Subtropical Westerly Jet (STWJ), which anchored south of the Himalayas through winter, breaks away and shifts abruptly north of Tibet in late May.
The physical barrier of the Himalayas retains the STWJ until warming over Tibet weakens the southern jet trough.
3
Identify the creation of upper-level easterly circulation.
With the STWJ removed, the high-altitude Tibetan warm anticyclone drives upper outflow southward, establishing the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) across peninsular India.
The TEJ relies directly on upper-tropospheric outflow from the heated Tibetan plateau.
4
Determine the surface weather response and monsoon arrival.
Strong divergence aloft created by the TEJ draws the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) rapidly northward to ~20°N latitude, pulling moist maritime south-westerly trade winds into Kerala as the monsoon burst.
Upper atmospheric suction combined with surface thermal depression completes the dynamic coupling required for monsoon onset.

Key Concept

Dynamic and Upper Atmospheric Mechanism of South-West Monsoon Onset
Question 1567Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the physiographic and relief features of Peninsular India:

1. The Meghalaya and Karbi Anglong plateaus are structural extensions of the Peninsular Block separated from the Chota Nagpur Plateau by the Malda Fault.
2. The Western Ghats form a comparatively continuous relief wall created along a rifted continental margin, whereas the Eastern Ghats consist of highly dissected residual hills breached by major rivers.
3. Dodabetta, situated in the Anaimalai Hills, is the highest peak of the Peninsular Plateau.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

The correct option is the one stating that statements 1 and 2 only are correct.
The Meghalaya and Karbi Anglong plateaus are indeed northeastern outliers of the Peninsular Block detached by the Malda (Garo-Rajmahal) fault gap. Furthermore, the Western Ghats represent a continuous relief wall along a rifted margin, whereas the Eastern Ghats are non-continuous and eroded by major east-flowing rivers. The statement regarding Dodabetta is false because Anamudi (2,695 m2,695\text{ m}) in the Anaimalai Hills is the highest peak of the Peninsular Plateau, while Dodabetta (2,637 m2,637\text{ m}) lies in the Nilgiri Hills.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding northeastern plateau extensions
The Meghalaya Plateau and Karbi Anglong Plateau are structurally part of the main Peninsular Plateau. A major fault (Malda Gap/Garo-Rajmahal Gap) created during the Indian plate movement separated them from the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Thus, statement 1 is correct.
Geological origin and faulting separate the northeastern plateau from the central Peninsular block.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding relief characteristics of Western and Eastern Ghats
The Western Ghats are continuous tectonic relief features along the submerged fault margin of the Arabian Sea. The Eastern Ghats are older, discontinuous, highly denuded residual mountain ranges cut through by rivers like the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri. Thus, statement 2 is correct.
Comparative geomorphology of the coastal mountain rims of India.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding peak elevations and locations
Anamudi (2,695 m2,695\text{ m}) is the highest peak of the Peninsular Plateau and is situated in the Anaimalai Hills. Dodabetta (2,637 m2,637\text{ m}) is the second highest peak and is located in the Nilgiri Hills. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect.
Verification of mountain peak spatial locations and elevations.

Key Concept

Peninsular Plateau Physiography & Relief Variations
Question 1568Question →

Which of the following mountain peaks is the highest peak in the Peninsular Plateau of India?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Anamudi

Answer

Anamudi is the highest peak in the Peninsular Plateau of India.
Anamudi, standing at an elevation of 2,695 meters in the Anaimalai Hills of the Western Ghats, is the highest peak in Peninsular India.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the highest peak of Peninsular India across the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
Anamudi in the Anaimalai Hills reaches an altitude of 2,695 meters.
Topographical measurements confirm that Anamudi stands higher than all other relief features in the Peninsular region.

Key Concept

Major Mountain Peaks of the Peninsular Plateau
Question 1569Question →

The Godavari river basin is drained by numerous tributaries originating across various hill ranges of Peninsular India. Which of the following is a major right-bank tributary of the Godavari River that originates in the Balaghat Range?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Manjira

Answer

Manjira is a major right-bank tributary of the Godavari River originating in the Balaghat Range.
The Manjira River originates in the Balaghat Range of hills in Maharashtra, passes through Karnataka and Telangana, and joins the Godavari River as its main right-bank tributary near Kandakurthi.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the main river system and its bank orientation requirements
The question asks for a right-bank tributary of the Godavari River that originates in the Balaghat Range.
Differentiating between left-bank and right-bank tributaries is crucial for peninsular river geography.
2
Analyze the origin and orientation of each listed tributary
Indravati, Sabari, and Penganga are all left-bank tributaries originating in eastern/northern hill ranges (Odisha/Ajanta), whereas Manjira originates in the Balaghat Range of Maharashtra and flows southward/eastward as a right-bank tributary.
Verifying origin ranges confirms the unique geographic profile of the Manjira River.

Key Concept

Tributaries of Peninsular Rivers (Godavari Basin)
Question 1570Question →

Regarding the Rowlatt Satyagraha organized under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi in 1919, which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi founded the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay to direct the campaign and enlist volunteers.; It represented Mahatma Gandhi's first attempt to launch an all-India mass agitation using a nationwide strike (hartal).

Answer

The correct statements are that Mahatma Gandhi founded the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay to direct the campaign, and that the movement was his first attempt to launch an all-India mass agitation using a nationwide hartal.
The statements highlighting the formation of the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay and the status of the Rowlatt Satyagraha as Gandhi's first all-India mass protest with a nationwide hartal are correct. Gandhi organized the Satyagraha Sabha to build a cadre of activists and declared April 6, 1919, as a day of national strike.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the establishment of the organizing body for the agitation
Gandhi founded the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay to collect signatures for the satyagraha pledge and coordinate protest activities across regions.
This confirms that Gandhi created a structured organization specifically to direct the anti-Rowlatt agitation.
2
Determine the scale and nature of the Rowlatt Satyagraha
The movement served as Gandhi's first pan-Indian mass agitation, calling for a countrywide hartal (strike), fasting, and prayer on April 6, 1919.
Earlier Satyagrahas (Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad) were localized regional struggles, whereas this was all-India in scope.
3
Verify the committee behind the Rowlatt Act and the timeline of the movement
The Rowlatt Act originated from Sir Sidney Rowlatt's Sedition Committee, and Gandhi suspended the campaign on April 18, 1919, after outbreaks of violence.
This invalidates the assertions attributing the legislation to Montagu-Chelmsford and claiming continuous operation until 1930.

Key Concept

Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919) and the emergence of Gandhian mass nationalist leadership
Question 1571Question →

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of these major bauxite mining regions in India when arranged from North to South based on their geographical location?

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence from North to South is: Lohardaga (Jharkhand) → Amarkantak Plateau (Madhya Pradesh) → Panchpatmali (Odisha) → Shevaroy Hills (Tamil Nadu).
Arranging the regions by their north-to-south geographical coordinates yields: Lohardaga, Jharkhand (23.43∘ N23.43^\circ\text{ N}) →\rightarrow Amarkantak Plateau, Madhya Pradesh (22.67∘ N22.67^\circ\text{ N}) →\rightarrow Panchpatmali, Odisha (18.76∘ N18.76^\circ\text{ N}) →\rightarrow Shevaroy Hills, Tamil Nadu (11.83∘ N11.83^\circ\text{ N}).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical location and latitudinal position of Lohardaga.
Lohardaga lies in Jharkhand on the Chota Nagpur Plateau at approximately 23.43∘ N23.43^\circ\text{ N} latitude, making it the northernmost among the given bauxite regions.
Establishing the northernmost anchor point based on state coordinates.
2
Identify the latitudinal position of the Amarkantak Plateau.
The Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh is situated at approximately 22.67∘ N22.67^\circ\text{ N} latitude, placing it just south of Lohardaga.
Comparing latitudinal coordinates between Chota Nagpur and Maikala/Amarkantak ranges.
3
Identify the latitudinal position of Panchpatmali.
Panchpatmali in Koraput district, southern Odisha, lies at approximately 18.76∘ N18.76^\circ\text{ N} latitude, positioning it south of Amarkantak.
Locating India's largest producing bauxite deposit in the Eastern Ghats belt.
4
Identify the latitudinal position of the Shevaroy Hills.
Shevaroy Hills in Salem district, Tamil Nadu, is located at approximately 11.83∘ N11.83^\circ\text{ N} latitude, forming the southernmost bauxite region in this group.
Pinpointing the southern peninsular bauxite reserve location.

Key Concept

Geographical Distribution and Latitudinal Location of Major Bauxite Deposits in India
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1572Question →

Regarding the agrarian resistance movements in late 19th-century colonial India, specifically the Pabna Agrarian Leagues (1873–1876), which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The movement was directed primarily against illegal extractions (abwabs) and arbitrary rent enhancements by zamindars rather than seeking to overthrow colonial rule.; Ryots organized formal agrarian leagues to collect funds, hire lawyers, and challenge zamindari demands through civil litigation.

Answer

The correct statements are that the movement targeted zamindari rent enhancements and abwabs within a legal framework, and that ryots formed organized agrarian leagues to raise funds for civil litigation.
The Pabna Agrarian Leagues (1873–1876) were notable for their peaceful and legalistic approach to peasant resistance. Occupancy tenants in Yusufshahi Pargana formed agrarian leagues to resist illegal abwabs and arbitrary rent increases by zamindars. They utilized civil courts and legal subscriptions, operating explicitly within the legal framework created by Rent Act X of 1859 while declaring themselves subjects of the Queen Empress to resist zamindari excess.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the nature and objectives of the Pabna Uprising (1873–1876).
The Pabna movement in East Bengal was organized by occupancy ryots resisting zamindari efforts to deny them occupancy rights under Act X of 1859 and levy illegal cesses (abwabs).
This confirms that the movement focused on agrarian landlord-tenant disputes rather than anti-British political revolution.
2
Evaluate the methods used by the Pabna Agrarian Leagues.
Peasants formed agrarian leagues, raised subscriptions, refused enhanced rent payments, and fought legal battles in civil courts.
This validates the legalistic and organizational structure of the resistance.
3
Examine the legislative outcomes and chronological context of the uprising.
The movement took place from 1873 to 1876 (post-1857) and paved the way for the Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885, not the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879.
This identifies misattributed legislative outcomes and chronological errors in the wrong options.

Key Concept

Pabna Agrarian Leagues and Legalistic Peasant Resistance in Post-1857 India
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 1573Question →

Match the major Peninsular Indian rivers listed in List I with their corresponding originating physical features/locations listed in List II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Krishna River
Mahanadi River
Narmada River
Cauvery River

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Krishna River originates from Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra); Mahanadi River originates near Sihawa Hills (Chhattisgarh); Narmada River originates from the Amarkantak Plateau (Madhya Pradesh); Cauvery River originates from the Brahmagiri Hills (Karnataka).
Each Peninsular river is correctly paired with its geographical place of origin: Krishna River begins near Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats (Maharashtra); Mahanadi River originates in the Sihawa Hills (Chhattisgarh); Narmada River emerges from the Amarkantak Plateau (Madhya Pradesh); and Cauvery River rises in the Brahmagiri Hills (Karnataka).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the origin of the Krishna River
Krishna River rises near Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra.
It is the second-largest east-flowing Peninsular river and emerges from the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar.
2
Identify the origin of the Mahanadi River
Mahanadi River rises in the Sihawa region of Dhamtari district, Chhattisgarh.
It flows through Chhattisgarh and Odisha before draining into the Bay of Bengal.
3
Identify the origin of the Narmada River
Narmada River rises from the Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
It is a major west-flowing rift valley river emerging from the Maikal Range/Amarkantak region.
4
Identify the origin of the Cauvery River
Cauvery River rises in the Brahmagiri Hills at Talakaveri, Karnataka.
It flows southeast through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu into the Bay of Bengal.

Key Concept

Origin Points of Major Peninsular Rivers of India
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 1574Question →

With reference to the administrative structure and village self-governance under the Chola Dynasty, consider the following statements:

1. The 'Ur' functioned as a general assembly of tax-paying landholders in ordinary villages, whereas the 'Sabha' or 'Mahasabha' was an exclusive assembly of Brahmin landholders in Brahmadeya villages.
2. The famous Uttaramerur inscriptions issued during the reign of Chola King Parantaka I laid down explicit moral, property, and educational criteria for committee membership.
3. Executive committee members (Variyars) were chosen through a direct secret ballot election supervised by central royal ministers.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, whereas statement 3 is incorrect. Thus, the correct selection is the option stating '1 and 2 only'.
The Imperial Chola administration is highly celebrated for its sophisticated village autonomy. The 'Ur' served as the general assembly of tax-paying peasants, while the 'Sabha' governed Brahmin villages (Brahmadeya). The famous Uttaramerur inscriptions of King Parantaka I explicitly outlined strict moral, educational, and economic qualifications for candidates while barring disqualified individuals (such as those who failed to submit accounts). However, final selection into executive committees (Variyams) was achieved through 'Kudavolai'—drawing palm-leaf lots—rather than direct secret balloting.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze statement 1 regarding Chola village assemblies.
Statement 1 is correct. Chola local self-governance was distinguished by two primary rural assemblies: the 'Ur', consisting of non-brahmin landholding peasantry in general villages, and the 'Sabha' or 'Mahasabha', managing agrahara/brahmadeya settlements granted to Brahmins.
Establishes accurate regional administrative unit distinctions.
2
Evaluate statement 2 regarding the Uttaramerur Inscriptions.
Statement 2 is correct. Inscriptions at Uttaramerur (dated 919 CE and 921 CE) from the reign of Parantaka I prescribed detailed qualifications for committee candidates, including age (35–70 years), land ownership, residence on own land, proficiency in Vedic texts, and administrative integrity.
Verifies historical epigraphic records of Chola governance rules.
3
Assess statement 3 regarding the selection methodology for executive committees (Variyams).
Statement 3 is incorrect. Selection for autonomous executive sub-committees (Variyams) did not employ modern secret ballot voting. Instead, names of eligible candidates were written on palm leaves, placed in a pot, and drawn by a young boy in a process known as the 'Kudavolai' system.
Corrects procedural misconception regarding medieval selection practices.

Key Concept

Chola Village Administration, Assemblies (Ur and Sabha), and the Kudavolai System of Uttaramerur Inscriptions
Question 1575Question →

Which of the following Indian states is the primary producer of diamonds in the country, housing the well-known Panna diamond mining region?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Madhya Pradesh

Answer

Madhya Pradesh is the primary producer of diamonds in India, housing the famous Panna mines.
Madhya Pradesh holds the distinction of being the sole commercial producer of diamonds in India, with its major mines located in the Panna belt.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key mineral reserve mentioned in the stem.
The target resource is Diamond, specifically located in the Panna mining belt.
Panna is famous as India's premier diamond mining district.
2
Map the mining region to the correct state administrative unit.
Panna is situated in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
Madhya Pradesh is the only state in India producing diamonds commercially.

Key Concept

Distribution of Precious Mineral Resources in India
Question 1576Question →

Match the revolutionary organizations of the Indian national movement in List-I with their respective key founders or leaders in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Abhinav Bharat Society
Ghadar Party
Dhaka Anushilan Samiti
Hindustan Republican Association

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Abhinav Bharat Society matches with Vinayak Damodar Savarkar; Ghadar Party matches with Lala Har Dayal; Dhaka Anushilan Samiti matches with Pulin Behari Das; Hindustan Republican Association matches with Sachindra Nath Sanyal.
Abhinav Bharat Society was established by V. D. Savarkar in 1904. The Ghadar Party was organized by Lala Har Dayal in San Francisco in 1913. Dhaka Anushilan Samiti was established by Pulin Behari Das in 1906. The Hindustan Republican Association was co-founded by Sachindra Nath Sanyal in 1924.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the founder of Abhinav Bharat Society.
Abhinav Bharat Society was established by V. D. Savarkar in 1904 in Maharashtra.
This connects Abhinav Bharat Society to Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.
2
Identify the key organizer of the Ghadar Party.
The Ghadar Party was set up in San Francisco in 1913 by Lala Har Dayal along with Sohan Singh Bhakna.
This connects Ghadar Party to Lala Har Dayal.
3
Identify the founder of Dhaka Anushilan Samiti.
Pulin Behari Das organized and expanded the Dhaka branch of Anushilan Samiti starting in 1906.
This connects Dhaka Anushilan Samiti to Pulin Behari Das.
4
Identify the co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Association.
The Hindustan Republican Association was founded at Kanpur in October 1924 by Sachindra Nath Sanyal and colleagues.
This connects Hindustan Republican Association to Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

Key Concept

Revolutionary Organizations and Founders in British India
Question 1577Question →

Which of the following 19th-century peasant movements in colonial India was specifically directed against the extortionate practices of Gujarati and Marwari moneylenders (Saukars) and directly led to the enactment of the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Deccan Riots of 1875

Answer

The Deccan Riots of 1875
The Deccan Riots of 1875 were triggered by systemic indebtedness to Marwari and Gujarati moneylenders in the Pune and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. The social boycott and subsequent destruction of debt bonds by peasants compelled the British government to appoint the Deccan Riots Commission and enact the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879 to restrain moneylenders and protect peasant land tenure.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary target of the agrarian grievance
The movement directly targeted oppressive moneylenders (Saukars) in Western India (Maharashtra region).
Peasants faced severe distress due to falling cotton prices post-American Civil War combined with high land revenue demands, forcing them into debt traps with moneylenders.
2
Link the peasant unrest to its legislative consequence
The colonial administration appointed the Deccan Riots Commission, which resulted in the passage of the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879.
The Act aimed to prevent land transfers from peasant cultivators to non-agricultural moneylenders.

Key Concept

Deccan Riots of 1875 and agrarian debt legislation
Estimated Time:45s
Question 1578Question →

The lacustrine deposits known as 'Karewas' in the Kashmir Valley are globally renowned for the commercial cultivation of which of the following agricultural crops?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Saffron

Answer

The Karewa formations in the Kashmir Valley are famous for the cultivation of Saffron.
Karewas are thick lacustrine deposits composed of clay, sand, and silt in the Kashmir Valley. They are famous across India and globally for the cultivation of Saffron (locally known as Zafran).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical nature of Karewa deposits.
Karewas are flat-topped lacustrine (lake-laid) terraces formed during the Pleistocene period in the Kashmir Valley.
Understanding pedological origin helps link specific soil formations to suited crop species.
2
Associate Karewas with the characteristic regional crop.
These clay and silt deposits provide favorable physical and chemical soil properties required for growing high-grade saffron (Zafran).
Saffron production in India is heavily concentrated in the Pampore Karewas of Jammu & Kashmir.

Key Concept

Karewa Soil Formations and Saffron Cultivation
Estimated Time:45s
Question 1579Question →

Arrange the following mountain ranges of the Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan region in sequential order from North to South:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct sequence from North to South is: Karakoram Range → Ladakh Range → Zaskar Range → Shiwalik Range.
The correct spatial sequence from north to south begins with the Karakoram Range at the highest northern latitude, followed by the Ladakh Range, then the Zaskar Range, and finishes with the Shiwalik Range at the southernmost edge of the Himalayan region.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the northernmost mountain range among the Trans-Himalayan systems.
The Karakoram Range forms the northernmost wall of the region.
It acts as the northern boundary of the Trans-Himalayan complex in India.
2
Determine the relative order of the intermediate ranges moving southward.
The Ladakh Range lies directly south of the Karakoram, followed by the Zaskar Range further south.
The main valley of the Indus River lies between the Ladakh Range to its north and the Zaskar Range to its south.
3
Identify the southernmost range of the Himalayan mountain system.
The Shiwalik Range is the southernmost belt.
The Shiwaliks form the low outer foothills adjacent to the Northern Great Plains.

Key Concept

North-to-South latitudinal layout of the Trans-Himalayan and Himalayan mountain ranges
Question 1580Question →

In 1887, Mahadev Govind Ranade and M. Raghunath Rao established an organization dedicated to bringing socio-religious reform discussions to a national platform alongside the annual sessions of the Indian National Congress. Which organization was established by them for this purpose?

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Answer: Indian National Social Conference

Answer

The Indian National Social Conference was founded in 1887 by Mahadev Govind Ranade and M. Raghunath Rao to focus on national social reform issues alongside Congress sessions.
The Indian National Social Conference was established in 1887 by Mahadev Govind Ranade and M. Raghunath Rao. It met annually at the same venue as the Indian National Congress to debate social issues, advocate widow remarriage, protest against child marriage, and launch the famous 'Pledge Movement'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the founders and year mentioned in the question stem
The target organization was established in 1887 by Mahadev Govind Ranade and M. Raghunath Rao.
Founding dates and reform leaders uniquely distinguish major 19th-century organizations.
2
Analyze the primary objective of the organization
It functioned as an all-India social reform body meeting alongside the Indian National Congress to promote social reforms such as inter-caste marriage and anti-child marriage pledges.
This dual political-social session structure was the defining feature of the Indian National Social Conference.

Key Concept

Indian National Social Conference and 19th-Century Social Reform Organizations
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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