Properties of Matter Alıştırma Soruları — Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)

Soru 1Soru →

A laboratory technician analyzes a uniform metal alloy sample with a mass of $160\text{ g}$ and a volume of $20\text{ cm}^3$ . The sample is cut into Piece A ( $40\text{ g}$ ) and Piece B ( $120\text{ g}$ ), after which Piece B is transported to a high-altitude research station where gravitational pull is weaker. Which statement correctly describes the physical properties and behavior of these samples?

Cutting the original metal alloy represents a chemical change that alters the melting point and density of Piece A.

Piece B experiences a decrease in mass due to the reduced gravitational pull at the high-altitude facility.

Both pieces have an identical density of

8\text{ g/cm}^3

, and Piece B maintains a constant mass of

120\text{ g}

despite weighing less at high altitude.

Piece B has a higher density than Piece A because density is an extensive property that increases proportionally with the mass of a sample.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Both pieces have an identical density of $8\text{ g/cm}^3$ , and Piece B maintains a constant mass of $120\text{ g}$ despite weighing less at high altitude.

Cevap

Both pieces have an identical density of

8\text{ g/cm}^3

, and the larger piece maintains a constant mass of

120\text{ g}

despite weighing less at high altitude.

Density is an intensive property calculated as

\frac{160\text{ g}}{20\text{ cm}^3} = 8\text{ g/cm}^3

, which remains identical for any piece cut from the homogeneous alloy. Furthermore, mass is an intrinsic measure of matter that remains

120\text{ g}

anywhere in the universe, whereas weight decreases at higher altitudes due to reduced gravitational force.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Calculate the density of the original metal alloy

\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}} = \frac{160\text{ g}}{20\text{ cm}^3} = 8\text{ g/cm}^3

Density is defined as mass per unit volume.

2

Determine the density of the separated pieces

Both Piece A and Piece B retain a density of

8\text{ g/cm}^3

.

Density is an intensive physical property of uniform matter and does not change when a sample is divided.

3

Evaluate the effect of altitude and gravity on mass versus weight

Mass remains exactly

120\text{ g}

, while weight decreases.

Mass measures the amount of matter and is invariant with location, while weight (

W = mg

) depends directly on local gravitational acceleration.

4

Classify the separation process

Cutting is a physical change.

Dividing a material modifies physical dimensions but does not alter chemical bonds or intrinsic constants like melting point.

Anahtar Kavram

Density as an intensive physical property, physical vs. chemical changes, and mass vs. weight invariance under varying gravity.

Tahmini Süre:1m 0s

Soru 2Soru →

When a candle is lit, the heat from the flame causes the solid wax at the base of the wick to turn into liquid wax. Which of the following statements correctly describes this process?

It is a chemical change because heat breaks the wax molecules into completely new chemical substances.

It is a physical change because the wax changes its state of matter without altering its chemical composition.

It is a chemical change because the production of liquid from a solid indicates a chemical reaction occurred.

It is a physical change because the total mass of the wax decreases as it turns into a liquid.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: It is a physical change because the wax changes its state of matter without altering its chemical composition.

Cevap

The melting of solid wax is a physical change because the wax changes its state of matter without altering its chemical composition.

Melting is a phase change from solid to liquid, which is a classic physical change. During melting, the physical state and molecular arrangement change, but no new chemical substances are formed and the chemical formula of the wax remains unchanged.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the process described in the scenario.

Solid wax changes into liquid wax due to heat, which is a phase change known as melting.

Determining the specific process allows classification as a physical or chemical event.

2

Analyze whether the chemical composition changes during melting.

The molecules of the wax remain identical before and after melting; only the distance and arrangement between particles change.

Physical changes involve changes in appearance or state without forming new chemical substances, whereas chemical changes produce new substances.

Anahtar Kavram

Physical versus chemical changes in matter

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 3Soru →

An astronaut takes a $100 \text{ g}$ solid block of a pure substance, which has an initial volume of $20 \text{ cm}^3$ , to a planet with twice the gravity of Earth. On the new planet, the block is heated until it completely melts, expanding to a volume of $25 \text{ cm}^3$ . Which of the following accurately describes the substance on the new planet compared to its initial state on Earth?

Its mass remains

100 \text{ g}

, its weight is doubled, and it undergoes a physical change that decreases its density to

4.0 \text{ g/cm}^3

.

Its mass and weight both double, and it undergoes a physical change that results in a density of

8.0 \text{ g/cm}^3

.

Its mass remains

100 \text{ g}

, its weight is doubled, and it undergoes a chemical change that decreases its density to

4.0 \text{ g/cm}^3

.

Its mass and weight both double, and it undergoes a chemical change that results in a density of

8.0 \text{ g/cm}^3

.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Its mass remains $100 \text{ g}$ , its weight is doubled, and it undergoes a physical change that decreases its density to $4.0 \text{ g/cm}^3$ .

Cevap

The correct answer is that its mass remains 100 g, its weight is doubled, and it undergoes a physical change that decreases its density to 4.0 g/cm³.

The mass of an object is constant regardless of the gravitational environment, so it remains

100 \text{ g}

. Weight is a force dependent on gravity (

W = mg

), so placing the object in an environment with twice the gravity doubles its weight. Melting is a phase change, which is strictly a physical change, not a chemical one. Finally, density is mass divided by volume (

D = m/V

); since the mass is

100 \text{ g}

and the new volume is

25 \text{ cm}^3

, the resulting density is

4.0 \text{ g/cm}^3

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Determine the effect of increased gravity on mass and weight.

Mass remains

100 \text{ g}

, while weight doubles.

Mass is an intrinsic measure of the amount of matter and is independent of gravity, whereas weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass (

W = mg

).

2

Identify the type of change occurring during the melting process.

Melting is classified as a physical change.

A phase change from solid to liquid alters the state and volume of a substance but does not change its fundamental chemical composition.

3

Calculate the final density of the liquid on the new planet.

Density

= 4.0 \text{ g/cm}^3

.

Density is calculated as mass divided by volume. Using the constant mass (

100 \text{ g}

) and the new volume (

25 \text{ cm}^3

), the new density is

100 \text{ g} / 25 \text{ cm}^3 = 4.0 \text{ g/cm}^3

.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinguishing between mass and weight, classifying phase changes, and calculating density.

Tahmini Süre:2m 0s

Soru 4Soru →

A rectangular glass container with internal base dimensions of $5\text{ cm}$ by $4\text{ cm}$ contains water. A solid mineral specimen with a mass of $130\text{ g}$ is completely submerged into the water, causing the water level to rise by $2.5\text{ cm}$ without spilling. What is the density of the mineral specimen in $\text{g/cm}^3$ ?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 2.6

Cevap

The density of the mineral specimen is

2.6\text{ g/cm}^3

.

Density is calculated by dividing mass by volume (

\rho = \frac{m}{V}

). The water displacement method reveals the object's volume:

\text{Volume} = \text{length} \times \text{width} \times \Delta h = 5\text{ cm} \times 4\text{ cm} \times 2.5\text{ cm} = 50\text{ cm}^3

. Dividing the given mass of

130\text{ g}

by the displaced volume of

50\text{ cm}^3

yields exactly

2.6\text{ g/cm}^3

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Calculate the volume of the displaced water inside the rectangular container.

V = 5\text{ cm} \times 4\text{ cm} \times 2.5\text{ cm} = 50\text{ cm}^3

The volume of fluid pushed upward corresponds to the area of the base multiplied by the change in water height.

2

Equate the volume of the submerged solid to the displaced fluid volume.

V_{\text{specimen}} = 50\text{ cm}^3

By the principle of fluid displacement, a completely submerged solid displaces a volume of fluid exactly equal to its own physical volume.

3

Calculate the density of the specimen using the mass-to-volume ratio.

\rho = \frac{m}{V} = \frac{130\text{ g}}{50\text{ cm}^3} = 2.6\text{ g/cm}^3

Density is an intensive physical property defined as mass per unit volume.

Anahtar Kavram

Density is an intensive physical property of matter defined as mass per unit volume (

\rho = m/V

), determinable for irregular or submerged solids via fluid displacement.

Tahmini Süre:1m 30s

Soru 5Soru →

A sealed, rigid $250\text{ mL}$ container holds $50\text{ g}$ of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) at sea level on Earth. The container is transported to a research outpost on Mars, where surface gravity is approximately $38\%$ of Earth's gravity. During transport, the dry ice completely sublimates into carbon dioxide gas at room temperature inside the sealed container. Which statement correctly evaluates the physical and chemical properties of the carbon dioxide upon arrival at Mars?

Sublimation is a chemical change that forms a new gas compound, reducing the total mass of the sealed system while its weight remains constant.

Sublimation is a physical change that conserves the

50\text{ g}

mass of carbon dioxide, while the weight of the substance decreases due to lower Martian gravity.

Sublimation is a physical change, but the mass of the carbon dioxide decreases to

38\%

of its Earth value because of the reduced gravitational field.

Sublimation is a chemical change where intramolecular bonds break into individual elements, causing both the mass and weight of the carbon dioxide to decrease.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Sublimation is a physical change that conserves the $50\text{ g}$ mass of carbon dioxide, while the weight of the substance decreases due to lower Martian gravity.

Cevap

Sublimation is a physical change that conserves the

50\text{ g}

mass of carbon dioxide, while the weight of the substance decreases due to lower Martian gravity.

The correct answer accurately states that sublimation (transition from solid directly to gas) is a physical change preserving the chemical identity of

CO_2

. Because the container is sealed, the mass remains invariant at

50\text{ g}

. However, because Martian gravity is only

38\%

of Earth's gravity, the weight (

W = mg

) decreases accordingly.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Classify the phase change process (sublimation).

Sublimation is a physical change, not a chemical change.

Converting solid carbon dioxide to gaseous carbon dioxide changes only the physical state and arrangement of molecules, not their chemical composition.

2

Determine the mass of the substance in the sealed container on Mars.

Mass remains exactly

50\text{ g}

.

According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, matter is neither created nor destroyed in a closed system, and mass is an intrinsic property independent of gravity.

3

Analyze the effect of Martian gravity on the weight of the substance.

Weight decreases to approximately

38\%

of its Earth value.

Weight is the gravitational force exerted on an object (

W = mg

), which is directly proportional to the local gravitational field strength.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinction between physical vs. chemical changes and mass vs. weight across varying gravitational environments

Tahmini Süre:1m 30s

Soru 6Soru →

In laboratory science, matter is characterized by distinct physical, chemical, intensive, and extensive behaviors. Match each classification of matter or property on the left with its corresponding laboratory example on the right.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Intensive property correctly pairs with the boiling point of pure ethanol; Extensive property pairs with the total heat capacity of a ten-liter water sample; Chemical property pairs with the tendency of metallic iron to oxidize; Physical change pairs with the dissolution of crystalline table sugar into distilled water.

The correct pairings accurately reflect foundational physical science definitions: intensive properties (boiling point) are independent of system mass; extensive properties (total heat capacity) depend directly on the amount of matter; chemical properties (oxidation potential) govern reaction behavior; and physical changes (dissolution) preserve molecular structure.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Differentiate intensive from extensive physical properties.

Intensive properties (such as boiling point) are invariant with sample mass, whereas extensive properties (such as total heat capacity) scale directly with quantity.

This establishes the fundamental distinction between intrinsic substance characteristics and bulk quantity-dependent measurements.

2

Evaluate the chemical property descriptor.

The tendency of iron to oxidize describes a reactivity characteristic that involves forming new chemical bonds.

Chemical properties can only be observed or measured by attempting to change the chemical identity of the substance.

3

Analyze the dissolution process.

Dissolving sucrose in water is a reversible physical transformation where molecular composition remains intact.

Since no chemical bonds within the sucrose molecules are created or destroyed, the process is classified as a physical change.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of Matter: Intensive vs. Extensive Properties, Chemical Properties, and Physical Transformations

Tahmini Süre:1m 30s

Soru 7Soru →

Match each physical property of matter on the left with its corresponding definition on the right.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Malleability matches the ability to be hammered into thin sheets; Ductility matches the ability to be drawn into thin wires; Viscosity matches a fluid's resistance to flow; Density matches mass per unit volume.

Each physical property corresponds to a distinct observable behavior of matter: malleability allows flattening into sheets, ductility allows stretching into wires, viscosity measures resistance to liquid flow, and density expresses mass per unit volume.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the definitions for solid mechanical properties.

Malleability corresponds to shaping into sheets under pressure, and ductility corresponds to drawing into wires under tension.

Both are intensive physical properties describing deformation of solids without altering chemical composition.

2

Identify the definitions for fluid and volumetric properties.

Viscosity corresponds to fluid flow resistance, and density corresponds to the mass-to-volume ratio.

Viscosity governs fluid dynamics, whereas density describes how tightly packed mass is in a given space.

Anahtar Kavram

Characteristic physical properties of matter

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 8Soru →

An automotive technician performs several actions on a piece of iron: cutting it to size, polishing its surface, heating it to bend it into shape, and leaving an unpainted scrap outside where it eventually forms reddish-brown rust. Which of these actions results in a chemical change?

Cutting the iron to a smaller size

Rusting after being exposed to outside air

Heating the iron until it bends

Polishing the surface to make it smooth and shiny

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Rusting after being exposed to outside air

Cevap

Rusting after being exposed to outside air

Rusting is a chemical change because iron atoms react with oxygen in the atmosphere to create an entirely new compound, iron oxide.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Define the difference between physical and chemical changes.

A physical change alters form, shape, or appearance without changing the underlying chemical identity. A chemical change produces one or more new substances with different chemical properties.

Understanding the fundamental criteria distinguishes changes in state/shape from chemical reactions.

2

Evaluate cutting, polishing, and heating/bending.

These actions modify only the size, surface texture, and shape of the iron, while the substance remains pure iron (

Fe

).

Changes in dimensions and mechanical deformation do not alter chemical bonds.

3

Evaluate the process of rusting.

Iron exposed to moisture and oxygen undergoes oxidation to form iron(III) oxide (

Fe_2O_3

), a completely new substance.

The creation of a new compound with distinct chemical properties defines a chemical change.

Anahtar Kavram

Physical versus Chemical Changes in Matter

Soru 9Soru →

A sealed, hollow cylinder made of solid metal (density $= 6.0 \text{ g/cm}^3$ ) is placed in a liquid solvent (density $= 1.5 \text{ g/cm}^3$ ). The cylinder achieves neutral buoyancy, meaning it floats completely submerged without sinking or rising. If the total outer volume of the cylinder is $400 \text{ cm}^3$ , what is the volume of the hollow cavity inside the cylinder in $\text{cm}^3$ ?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 300

Cevap

300

For the cylinder to be neutrally buoyant, its total mass divided by its total volume must equal the fluid's density of

1.5 \text{ g/cm}^3

. With a total volume of

400 \text{ cm}^3

, the cylinder's total mass is

600 \text{ g}

. Since the entire mass comes from the metal shell, dividing this

600 \text{ g}

by the metal's true density (

6.0 \text{ g/cm}^3

) reveals that the actual metal occupies

100 \text{ cm}^3

. The remaining volume (

400 - 100

) must be the

300 \text{ cm}^3

hollow cavity.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Determine the average density required for neutral buoyancy.

Average density =

1.5 \text{ g/cm}^3

An object that floats completely submerged (neutrally buoyant) must have an overall density exactly equal to the fluid it displaces.

2

Calculate the total mass of the cylinder.

Total mass =

600 \text{ g}

Mass equals the overall average density multiplied by total volume (

1.5 \times 400

).

3

Calculate the volume occupied by the solid metal itself.

Metal volume =

100 \text{ cm}^3

The solid metal volume equals the total mass divided by the solid metal's density (

600 / 6.0

). The hollow cavity contributes essentially zero mass.

4

Calculate the volume of the hollow cavity.

Cavity volume =

300 \text{ cm}^3

The cavity volume is the total outer volume minus the volume of the solid metal (

400 - 100

).

Anahtar Kavram

Density, extensive/intensive properties, and buoyancy of composite objects

Soru 10Soru →

A technician inspects a solid metal component with a mass of $108\text{ g}$ and a volume of $12\text{ cm}^3$ . What is the density of the component in grams per cubic centimeter ( $\text{g/cm}^3$ )?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 9

Cevap

9 g/cm^3

Density measures the amount of mass contained per unit volume of a substance. Dividing the component's mass of

108\text{ g}

by its volume of

12\text{ cm}^3

gives a density of

9\text{ g/cm}^3

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the given physical quantities from the problem statement

Mass (

m

) =

108\text{ g}

, Volume (

V

) =

12\text{ cm}^3

Density is a fundamental physical property defined as mass per unit volume.

2

Calculate the density using the formula

\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}

\text{Density} = \frac{108\text{ g}}{12\text{ cm}^3} = 9\text{ g/cm}^3

Dividing the total mass of the object by its volume determines the mass contained in each cubic centimeter.

Anahtar Kavram

Density as a characteristic physical property of matter relating mass and volume

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 11Soru →

A cook dissolves table salt into a pot of warm water until the crystals are no longer visible. When the water is later boiled away completely, solid salt crystals remain at the bottom of the pot. Which of the following best classifies the dissolving of the salt?

A chemical change, because the solid crystals initially disappeared from view.

A decrease in total mass, because the dissolved salt no longer occupies physical space.

A physical change, because the chemical identity of the salt was preserved.

A chemical change, because thermal energy was required to separate the salt from the water.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: A physical change, because the chemical identity of the salt was preserved.

Cevap

Dissolving salt in water is a physical change because the chemical identity of the substance does not change and the process is reversible.

A physical change occurs when the form, phase, or appearance of a substance changes without altering its chemical identity. Because salt can be completely recovered in its original form simply by evaporating the water, no chemical reaction took place.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Analyze whether new substances were formed during the dissolving process.

The salt (

NaCl

) disperses into sodium and chloride ions in water, but its chemical identity remains unchanged.

Chemical changes require the formation of entirely new substances with distinct chemical formulas.

2

Evaluate the reversibility of the separation.

Evaporating or boiling off the water leaves the original salt crystals intact.

Physical mixtures can be separated by physical means such as evaporation, confirming a physical change.

Anahtar Kavram

Physical changes alter the form or state of matter without changing its chemical composition, allowing original substances to be recovered by physical methods.

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 12Soru →

Matter undergoes different physical transitions as thermal energy is added or removed. Match each phase change term on the left with its correct physical description on the right.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Sublimation matches 'The transition of a substance directly from a solid into a gas'; Condensation matches 'The transition of a substance from a gas into a liquid'; Freezing matches 'The transition of a substance from a liquid into a solid'; Melting matches 'The transition of a substance from a solid into a liquid'.

Each phase transition is correctly matched based on the initial and final physical states of matter: Sublimation represents solid to gas directly, Condensation represents gas to liquid, Freezing represents liquid to solid, and Melting represents solid to liquid.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the initial and final states of matter for each term.

Each phase change corresponds to a specific pair of initial and final physical states.

Phase changes are classified by the movement of particles between solid, liquid, and gas phases.

2

Connect Sublimation to its direct phase shift.

Sublimation pairs with the direct shift from solid to gas.

Sublimation skips the liquid state entirely, as seen with dry ice.

3

Connect Condensation to its phase shift.

Condensation pairs with the change from gas to liquid.

Water vapor turning into liquid droplets on a cold surface is the classic example of condensation.

4

Connect Freezing and Melting to their respective liquid-solid boundaries.

Freezing pairs with liquid to solid, while Melting pairs with solid to liquid.

Melting adds heat to liquefy a solid, whereas freezing removes heat to solidify a liquid.

Anahtar Kavram

Phase Changes of Matter

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 13Soru →

An automotive technician pours a sample of hydraulic fluid with a density of $0.85\text{ g/cm}^3$ into a graduated container. If the fluid sample occupies a volume of $200\text{ cm}^3$ , what is the mass of the fluid in grams?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 170

Cevap

The mass of the hydraulic fluid sample is

170\text{ g}

.

Density is defined as the amount of mass contained within a given unit volume (

\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}

). Rearranging this formula to solve for mass gives

\text{Mass} = \text{Density} \times \text{Volume}

. Multiplying the fluid's density of

0.85\text{ g/cm}^3

by its volume of

200\text{ cm}^3

yields a total mass of

170\text{ g}

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

State the formula relating mass, density, and volume:

\text{Mass} = \text{Density} \times \text{Volume}

.

\text{Mass} = 0.85\text{ g/cm}^3 \times 200\text{ cm}^3

Density represents mass per unit volume (

\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}

), so rearranging to solve for mass requires multiplying density by volume.

2

Multiply the numerical values to compute the total mass.

\text{Mass} = 170\text{ g}

0.85 \times 200 = 170

.

Anahtar Kavram

Calculating mass from density and volume (

m = \rho \times V

)

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 14Soru →

Matter exhibits distinct physical properties that dictate how substances behave under mechanical stress, thermal changes, and fluid dynamics. Match each observed physical phenomenon on the left with the specific property of matter it demonstrates on the right.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The phenomenon of motor oil pouring slower when cold matches viscosity; the ceramic tile shattering upon impact matches brittleness; the lead sinking while pine of equal volume floats matches relative density; and the aluminum handle heating rapidly matches thermal conductivity.

Each physical observation correlates directly with an intrinsic property of matter: fluid resistance to pouring reflects viscosity; fracturing without plastic deformation demonstrates brittleness; sink/float behavior of equal volumes demonstrates relative density; and rate of heat transfer through a solid medium defines thermal conductivity.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Analyze fluid flow behavior across temperatures

Motor oil resisting flow when cold is a direct manifestation of high fluid friction and resistance to movement, which defines viscosity.

Viscosity is the property of a fluid that determines its rate of flow and internal resistance.

2

Evaluate the mechanical failure response of the dropped ceramic tile

The ceramic tile shatters upon impact without bending or deforming plastically, which is the defining characteristic of brittleness.

Brittle materials fail abruptly under mechanical shock rather than undergoing plastic deformation like ductile or malleable solids.

3

Compare the sinking and floating behavior of equal-volume blocks in water

Objects sink if their mass per unit volume exceeds that of the displaced fluid (

1.0\text{ g/cm}^3

) and float if it is lower, demonstrating relative density.

Buoyant force depends on the mass of fluid displaced versus the gravitational force acting on the object's mass.

4

Identify the property responsible for heat distribution along the metal cookware

Heat moving from the base of the aluminum pan to the end of the handle is thermal conduction, governed by thermal conductivity.

Metals have high thermal conductivity due to lattice vibrations and delocalized conduction electrons.

Anahtar Kavram

Physical properties of matter describe intrinsic characteristics—such as thermal conductivity, viscosity, brittleness, and density—that can be observed and measured without altering the chemical identity of the substance.

Tahmini Süre:1m 0s

Soru 15Soru →

An aerospace technician measures a solid titanium equipment casing on Earth and records its mass as $18\text{ kg}$ . If this casing is transported to the surface of the Moon, where gravitational acceleration is roughly one-sixth of Earth's gravity, which statement accurately describes the mass and weight of the casing on the Moon?

Both the mass and the weight decrease to one-sixth of their original values on Earth.

The weight remains constant, while the mass decreases to one-sixth of its original value on Earth.

The mass remains

18\text{ kg}

, while the weight decreases to one-sixth of its value on Earth.

The mass increases due to the lunar vacuum, while the weight decreases to zero.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The mass remains $18\text{ kg}$ , while the weight decreases to one-sixth of its value on Earth.

Cevap

The mass remains

18\text{ kg}

, while the weight decreases to one-sixth of its value on Earth.

Mass is an intrinsic property of matter that quantifies the amount of substance in an object, meaning it remains constant regardless of location or environment. In contrast, weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass (

W = mg

). Because the Moon's gravitational acceleration is one-sixth that of Earth, the casing's weight decreases to one-sixth of its Earth value while its mass remains unchanged at

18\text{ kg}

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Define mass and determine its value on the Moon.

The mass remains exactly

18\text{ kg}

.

Mass is an intrinsic property of matter representing the total amount of material in an object, which does not depend on gravitational pull.

2

Define weight and calculate its change under lunar gravity.

The weight decreases to one-sixth of its Earth measurement.

Weight is the force exerted on an object's mass by gravity (

W = mg

). Because lunar gravity is one-sixth of Earth's gravity, the downward gravitational force is reduced by a factor of six.

3

Synthesize the properties to identify the correct physical outcome.

Mass is invariant (

18\text{ kg}

), whereas weight is proportionally reduced by the weaker gravitational field.

Comparing the unchanging scalar property of mass with the field-dependent force of weight resolves the scenario.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinction between mass (intrinsic amount of matter) and weight (gravitational force on mass)

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 16Soru →

A student places an irregularly shaped mineral sample with a mass of $84\text{ g}$ into a graduated cylinder containing $40\text{ mL}$ of water. The water level rises to $68\text{ mL}$ . What is the density of the mineral in grams per cubic centimeter ( $\text{g/cm}^3$ )?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 3

Cevap

The density of the mineral is 3 g/cm³.

The volume of the mineral is found through liquid displacement:

68\text{ mL} - 40\text{ mL} = 28\text{ mL} = 28\text{ cm}^3

. Dividing the mass of the mineral (

84\text{ g}

) by its volume (

28\text{ cm}^3

) yields a density of

3\text{ g/cm}^3

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Determine the volume of the mineral using the water displacement method.

Volume = 68 mL - 40 mL = 28 mL = 28 cm³

When a solid is completely submerged, the volume of liquid displaced is equal to the volume of the solid.

2

Calculate the density of the mineral using the formula Density = Mass / Volume.

Density = 84 g / 28 cm³ = 3 g/cm³

Density is a characteristic physical property defined as the amount of mass per unit volume of a substance.

Anahtar Kavram

Density and Volume Determination via Water Displacement

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 17Soru →

During a cold-storage maintenance procedure, a technician handles solid dry ice (solid $\text{CO}_2$ ) and observes it converting directly into carbon dioxide gas at room temperature without forming any liquid. Which term correctly describes this phase transition, and is it classified as a physical or chemical change?

Evaporation, which is a chemical change because intermolecular forces are broken to create a gas.

Sublimation, which is a physical change because the chemical identity of the substance remains unchanged.

Sublimation, which is a chemical change because the substance undergoes a complete change in state.

Condensation, which is a physical change because heat energy is absorbed during the transition.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Sublimation, which is a physical change because the chemical identity of the substance remains unchanged.

Cevap

Sublimation, which is a physical change because the chemical identity of the substance remains unchanged.

The transition directly from a solid state to a gaseous state is known as sublimation. Because the chemical composition of dry ice remains carbon dioxide (

\text{CO}_2

) throughout the process and no new chemical substances are produced, the transition is strictly a physical change.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the specific phase transition occurring from solid to gas.

The direct phase change from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase is defined as sublimation.

Understanding standard phase change terminology classifies the transition correctly.

2

Classify whether the process represents a physical change or a chemical change.

Physical change.

The molecules before and after the transition remain

\text{CO}_2

. Because no chemical bonds within the molecules are formed or broken to create new substances, it is a physical change.

Anahtar Kavram

Phase Transitions and Physical vs. Chemical Changes

Tahmini Süre:45s

Soru 18Soru →

A materials technician is evaluating the fundamental characteristics of several substances used in mechanical systems. Match each material property with its correct scientific definition.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Ductility matches the ability of a solid to be drawn into wires under tensile stress; Viscosity matches the internal resistance of a fluid to flow; Flammability matches the chemical capacity of a substance to ignite and combust; Solubility matches the capacity of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.

Each property is accurately paired with its distinct physical or chemical behavior: ductility refers to tensile elongation into wire, viscosity measures fluid friction against flow, flammability measures chemical reactivity in combustion, and solubility determines dissolution capacity in a solvent.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify mechanical physical properties of solids

Ductility represents tensile deformation into wires, distinguishing it from malleability (hammering into sheets).

Tensile stress applied to ductile metals allows elongation without brittle fracture.

2

Identify fluid transport physical properties

Viscosity represents fluid shear resistance and thickness.

Internal intermolecular friction governs how quickly or slowly fluids like motor oil or water flow.

3

Differentiate chemical properties from physical properties

Flammability involves chemical transformation through combustion.

Burning produces new chemical substances (carbon dioxide, water vapor, ash), making flammability a chemical property.

4

Identify mixture and dissolution characteristics

Solubility represents the maximum solute concentration in a solvent without altering chemical identities.

Dissolving is a physical process where solute particles disperse evenly within solvent molecules.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification and definitions of characteristic physical and chemical properties of matter

Tahmini Süre:1m 0s

Soru 19Soru →

A technician places a $500\text{ g}$ sample of liquid water into a sealed, airtight chamber and cools it until it freezes completely into solid ice. Which of the following statements correctly describes the changes in the sample's mass and volume?

The mass increases because solid ice is heavier than liquid water, while the volume remains constant.

The mass remains unchanged, but the volume decreases as the molecules pack closer together.

The mass remains unchanged, but the volume increases due to the expansion of water upon freezing.

The mass decreases because freezing triggers a chemical reaction that consumes matter, reducing the volume.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The mass remains unchanged, but the volume increases due to the expansion of water upon freezing.

Cevap

The mass remains unchanged, but the volume increases due to the expansion of water upon freezing.

Freezing is a physical phase change that does not alter the chemical identity or quantity of matter in a closed system, so mass is strictly conserved at

500\text{ g}

. Unlike most liquids that contract upon solidifying, water uniquely expands upon freezing due to hydrogen bonding forming a spacious hexagonal crystal lattice, causing its volume to increase.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Evaluate the effect of freezing on the sample's mass in a sealed system.

The mass remains exactly

500\text{ g}

.

According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, the total quantity of matter in a closed system cannot change during a physical phase change.

2

Determine the effect of crystallization on the volume of water.

The volume of the water sample increases.

Water exhibits anomalous expansion upon freezing; hydrogen bonding locks water molecules into an open hexagonal lattice that takes up more space than the liquid phase.

3

Combine the mass and volume findings to identify the correct physical behavior.

Mass is conserved while volume increases (and density decreases).

Freezing is a physical process where mass stays constant while the physical arrangement of molecules increases the overall volume.

Anahtar Kavram

Conservation of mass during physical phase changes and the anomalous expansion of water upon freezing.

Tahmini Süre:1m 0s

Soru 20Soru →

A naval technician inspects a solid aluminum component intended for an aircraft assembly. The component has a mass of $162\text{ g}$ and the density of aluminum is $2.7\text{ g/cm}^3$ . What is the volume of the component in cubic centimeters ( $\text{cm}^3$ )?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 60

Cevap

The volume of the aluminum component is

60\text{ cm}^3

.

Density is defined by the formula

\rho = \frac{m}{V}

. Rearranging algebraically to solve for volume yields

V = \frac{m}{\rho}

. Substituting the given values:

V = \frac{162\text{ g}}{2.7\text{ g/cm}^3} = 60\text{ cm}^3

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the relevant physical formula and isolate the unknown variable

\text{Volume} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Density}}

Density (

\rho

) is a characteristic physical property defined as mass per unit volume (

\rho = \frac{m}{V}

).

2

Substitute the measured mass and known density to calculate volume

\text{Volume} = \frac{162\text{ g}}{2.7\text{ g/cm}^3} = 60\text{ cm}^3

Dividing

162

by

2.7

gives

60

, with units simplifying to

\text{cm}^3

.

Anahtar Kavram

Density as a fundamental physical property relating mass and volume

Tahmini Süre:1m 0s

Properties of Matter

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