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Zorluk: Çok zorAnalyzing Bolded Statement Roles

Many urban planners argue that expanding municipal light rail systems inevitably reduces traffic congestion in suburban corridors. However, a recent comprehensive study revealed that suburban commuters rarely shift from private automobiles to light rail unless parking fees in urban business districts increase significantly. Consequently, proposing light rail expansion without simultaneous adjustments to municipal parking pricing will fail to relieve suburban traffic. Implementing higher parking fees will incentivize a sufficient number of commuters to adopt public transit, thereby achieving the desired reduction in highway congestion.

In the argument above, what are the respective roles played by the two boldfaced portions?

  1. The first is evidence cited to challenge a position that the argument opposes; the second provides a rationale for a key condition necessary for the proposed solution to succeed.Cevap
  2. B
    The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a premise offered in support of that conclusion.
  3. C
    The first is a counterargument directed against the author's primary recommendation; the second is the author's main conclusion.
  4. D
    The first provides background information establishing the context of transit planning; the second is an intermediate conclusion that directly refutes the urban planners' claim.
  5. E
    The first is evidence supporting the traditional view held by urban planners; the second is a concession made to those who oppose municipal transit funding.

Cevap

The option stating that the first bolded portion is evidence cited to challenge a position that the argument opposes, and the second provides a rationale for a key condition necessary for the proposed solution to succeed.
The correct option accurately evaluates both bolded statements: the first bolded statement presents empirical study findings that counter the claim of urban planners (a position the author opposes), while the second bolded statement explains the mechanism by which higher parking fees achieve reduced highway congestion, functioning as a supporting rationale for the essential condition identified by the author.

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1
Analyze the overall argument structure and identify the author's main conclusion.
The argument begins with an opposing view ('Many urban planners argue...'). The author's main conclusion is that proposing light rail expansion without adjusting parking fees will fail to relieve traffic.
Establishing the main conclusion enables accurate classification of surrounding supporting statements.
2
Determine the functional role of the first bolded statement.
The first bolded statement presents study findings demonstrating that commuters do not switch to light rail unless parking fees rise. This evidence directly undermines the urban planners' traditional view and supports the author's conclusion.
The contrastive transition 'However' signals that the study evidence refutes the initial position.
3
Determine the functional role of the second bolded statement.
The second bolded statement explains why raising parking fees works—by incentivizing commuters to adopt public transit—thereby justifying the condition required for transit success.
It provides the underlying mechanism/rationale for why parking fee adjustments are essential.
4
Match the structural analysis to the correct option.
The option identifying the first statement as evidence challenging an opposed position and the second statement as a rationale for a key condition is correct.
It captures the exact logical relationship of both bolded statements to the argument.

Anahtar Kavram

Analyzing Bolded Statement Roles in Critical Reasoning
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Konular

Analyzing Bolded Statement Roles

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