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Zorluk: OrtaMolecular Shapes, VSEPR Theory, and Hybridization

Which of the following species features a central atom with sp2sp^2 hybridization and a trigonal planar molecular geometry?

  1. CO32−CO_3^{2-}Cevap
  2. B
    H3O+H_3O^+
  3. C
    PCl3PCl_3
  4. D
    SO32−SO_3^{2-}

Cevap

The trioxocarbonate(IV) ion (CO32−CO_3^{2-}) possesses a central carbon atom with sp2sp^2 hybridization and a trigonal planar molecular shape.
In the trioxocarbonate(IV) ion (CO32−CO_3^{2-}), the central carbon atom forms three sigma bonds with three oxygen atoms and contains zero non-bonding lone pairs. According to VSEPR theory, three electron charge clouds position themselves as far apart as possible (120∘120^\circ bond angles), adopting a trigonal planar geometry which requires sp2sp^2 hybridization of the central carbon atom.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the valence electron count and steric number for the central carbon in CO32−CO_3^{2-}
Carbon brings 4 valence electrons, plus 2 electrons from the net charge (-2), total 6 valence electrons available for bonding. Carbon forms 3 sigma bonds with three oxygen atoms and has 0 lone pairs. Steric number = 3.
VSEPR theory uses the number of electron domains (steric number) around the central atom to determine orbital hybridization and electron geometry.
2
Determine the hybridization and molecular geometry based on VSEPR theory
Steric number 3 with 0 lone pairs corresponds to sp2sp^2 hybridization and a trigonal planar molecular shape.
Three electron domains orient themselves at 120∘120^\circ bond angles to minimize electron pair repulsion.
3
Compare with the distractor species (H3O+H_3O^+, PCl3PCl_3, and SO32−SO_3^{2-})
Each of H3O+H_3O^+, PCl3PCl_3, and SO32−SO_3^{2-} has 3 bonding pairs and 1 non-bonding lone pair on its central atom (steric number 4).
A steric number of 4 corresponds to sp3sp^3 hybridization, and 3 bonding pairs with 1 lone pair produces a trigonal pyramidal geometry rather than trigonal planar.

Anahtar Kavram

VSEPR Theory and Hybridization of Species with Three Attached Atoms
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Konular

Molecular Shapes, VSEPR Theory, and Hybridization

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