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Zorluk: Çok zorParallel Valid Structure

No urban redevelopment plan succeeds unless it secures the endorsement of the neighborhood council. Furthermore, the neighborhood council will not endorse any plan that involves the seizure of private property. It follows that an urban redevelopment plan will fail if it involves the seizure of private property.

Which of the following arguments exhibits a logical structure most similar to that of the argument above?

  1. A
    No scientific theory is widely accepted unless it is supported by empirical evidence. The new quantum gravity model is supported by empirical evidence. Therefore, the new quantum gravity model will eventually be widely accepted.
  2. B
    A zoning regulation cannot be effectively enforced without the cooperation of local businesses. But local businesses will always cooperate if a regulation protects their commercial interests. Hence, any zoning regulation that protects commercial interests is guaranteed to be effectively enforced.
  3. An employee cannot be promoted to senior management unless they demonstrate exceptional leadership skills. But employees who avoid taking on high-risk projects do not demonstrate exceptional leadership skills. Consequently, an employee who avoids taking on high-risk projects will not be promoted to senior management.Cevap
  4. D
    Many novels do not achieve commercial success unless they feature a compelling protagonist. Moreover, a protagonist is rarely compelling if their primary motivation is pure greed. Therefore, most novels featuring a protagonist motivated purely by greed will not achieve commercial success.
  5. E
    A software update will not be released to the public unless it passes rigorous security testing. Furthermore, a software update will not pass rigorous security testing if it contains unresolved critical bugs. Therefore, any software update that does not contain unresolved critical bugs will be released to the public.

Cevap

The argument concerning employee promotion and high-risk projects exhibits the identical logical structure.
The correct answer accurately duplicates the valid deductive architecture of the stimulus. The stimulus establishes that an outcome (success) requires a condition (endorsement), but a specific feature (seizure) prevents that condition, meaning the feature guarantees the outcome will not happen (failure). The correct option identically establishes that an outcome (promotion) requires a condition (leadership), but a specific feature (avoiding risk) prevents that condition, meaning the feature guarantees the outcome will not happen (no promotion).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Map the logical structure of the stimulus argument.
Premise 1: Succeeds -> Endorsement. Premise 2: Seizure -> NOT Endorsement. Conclusion: Seizure -> NOT Succeeds.
Identifying the formal abstract structure is necessary to find a structural parallel without being distracted by subject matter.
2
Identify the logical validity and archetype of the stimulus.
The argument is valid. It uses a chain combining a necessary condition with Modus Tollens: A -> B; C -> ~B; therefore C -> ~A.
Recognizing that the stimulus is valid means the correct answer must also be a perfectly valid deduction.
3
Evaluate the structure of the options against the mapped stimulus.
The correct option maps as: Promoted -> Leadership; Avoid Risk -> NOT Leadership; Conclusion: Avoid Risk -> NOT Promoted. This is an exact A -> B; C -> ~B; therefore C -> ~A match.
Comparing abstract structures ensures a perfect match in logical architecture and modal certainty.

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Parallel Valid Structure
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Parallel Valid Structure

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