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Zorluk: OrtaParallel Valid Structure

Every coral reef ecosystem that is recovering from bleaching must exhibit a high density of herbivorous fish. But a reef can exhibit a high density of herbivorous fish only if it has low nutrient pollution. Consequently, since the Solstice Reef does not have low nutrient pollution, it cannot be recovering from bleaching.

Which of the following arguments is most similar in its logical structure to the argument presented above?

  1. A
    Every coral reef ecosystem that is recovering from bleaching must exhibit a high density of herbivorous fish. But a reef can exhibit a high density of herbivorous fish only if it has low nutrient pollution. Since the Apex Reef is not recovering from bleaching, it must not have low nutrient pollution.
  2. B
    Any star that undergoes a supernova explosion must have a mass significantly greater than our sun. Moreover, a star can have such a mass only if it formed in a dense molecular cloud. Since the star Bellatrix formed in a dense molecular cloud, it will undergo a supernova explosion.
  3. Any concert grand piano that produces a perfectly resonant tone must be constructed with a soundboard of mature spruce. But a piano can be constructed with such a soundboard only if it is built by a master luthier. Consequently, since the newly manufactured Opus piano was not built by a master luthier, it will not produce a perfectly resonant tone.Cevap
  4. D
    Most skyscrapers designed for seismic zones incorporate a flexible steel frame. A building can incorporate a flexible steel frame only if it rests on a deep bedrock foundation. Consequently, since the Zenith Building does not rest on a deep bedrock foundation, it is not designed for a seismic zone.
  5. E
    Any viral strain that spreads rapidly and causes severe symptoms will be prioritized for vaccine development. The newly isolated strain Delta-9 is not prioritized for vaccine development. Therefore, it does not spread rapidly and it does not cause severe symptoms.

Cevap

The argument about the concert grand piano exactly duplicates the logical structure of the stimulus.
The correct argument precisely matches the logical structure of the stimulus. The stimulus establishes a chain of two conditional statements (A -> B, B -> C), and then applies the contrapositive of the entire chain to a specific instance (~C therefore ~A). The correct answer creates an identical chain using absolute universal quantifiers and correctly applies the contrapositive to arrive at its conclusion.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the logical structure of the stimulus.
The stimulus forms a conditional chain: Recovering (R) -> High Density (HD), and High Density (HD) -> Low Nutrient (LN). It applies the contrapositive to a specific instance: Since Solstice Reef is ~LN, it must be ~R.
Identifying the formal logic pattern (A -> B, B -> C; ~C -> ~A) is required before evaluating the answer choices.
2
Evaluate the answer choices to find the exact structural match.
The correct choice must contain absolute universal quantifiers forming a two-step conditional chain, followed by a valid contrapositive deduction.
Parallel reasoning requires matching the premise types, quantifier strength, and the validity of the conclusion drawn.
3
Identify the matching argument.
The piano argument matches perfectly: Resonant Tone (RT) -> Mature Spruce (MS), MS -> Master Luthier (ML). Since Opus is ~ML, it is ~RT.
It successfully replicates the A -> B, B -> C; ~C -> ~A pattern without introducing quantifier mismatches or logical flaws.

Anahtar Kavram

Parallel Valid Structure (Chain Conditionals and Contrapositive)
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Konular

Parallel Valid Structure

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