Company Accounts

90 questions

Question 41Question

An organization is being established primarily to promote sports, education, and charitable activities rather than for private monetary profit. Under corporate regulatory provisions, what key financial feature distinguishes this company limited by guarantee from a standard company limited by shares?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It does not raise initial capital through share issuance to the public and is prohibited from distributing profits as dividends to its members.

Answer

A company limited by guarantee does not issue share capital to the public and is statutorily prohibited from distributing profits or dividends to its members.
A company limited by guarantee is registered primarily for promoting non-profit endeavors such as education, sports, or science. It does not carry share capital divided into equity shares for public subscription, and its statutory rules explicitly prohibit the distribution of profits or dividends to its members.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary purpose of the entity described in the stem.
The entity is formed for non-profit purposes (sports, education, charity), indicating a company limited by guarantee.
Corporate law categorizes non-profit and promotional organizations under guarantee status rather than standard commercial equity structures.
2
Analyze the financial and equity provisions governing a company limited by guarantee under CAMA.
The company lacks share capital for dividend distribution; members guarantee to contribute a specified limited amount only in the event of winding up.
Any financial surplus generated must be applied solely toward promoting the company's stated non-profit objectives.

Key Concept

Characteristics of Companies Limited by Guarantee
Question 42Question

Zenith Ventures Plc forfeited 3,0003,000 ordinary shares of 1.00₦1.00 each for non-payment of the final call of 0.35₦0.35 per share. The company subsequently reissued 2,0002,000 of these forfeited shares to Mrs. Okafor at 0.80₦0.80 per share as fully paid up. What amount should be transferred to the Capital Reserve account?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ₦900

Answer

₦900
When forfeited shares are reissued, the profit realized on the reissued shares is transferred from the Forfeited Shares Account to the Capital Reserve Account. The paid-up amount per share was 0.65₦0.65 (1.000.35₦1.00 - ₦0.35). Upon reissue at 0.80₦0.80, a discount of 0.20₦0.20 (1.000.80₦1.00 - ₦0.80) was allowed. The net profit per share is 0.45₦0.45 (0.650.20₦0.65 - ₦0.20). For the 2,0002,000 reissued shares, the net profit transferred to Capital Reserve is 2,000×0.45=9002,000 \times ₦0.45 = ₦900.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the paid-up amount per share prior to forfeiture
Nominal value (1.00₦1.00) minus unpaid call (0.35₦0.35) = 0.65₦0.65 per share
The amount forfeited per share equals the money already paid by the defaulting shareholder.
2
Determine the discount per share granted on reissue
Nominal value (1.00₦1.00) minus reissue price (0.80₦0.80) = 0.20₦0.20 per share discount
When shares are reissued below nominal value as fully paid, the difference represents a discount debited to the Forfeited Shares account.
3
Calculate the net gain per share on reissued shares
Amount forfeited per share (0.65₦0.65) minus discount per share (0.20₦0.20) = 0.45₦0.45 net gain per share
The profit on reissue is the excess of forfeited proceeds over the reissue discount.
4
Multiply the net gain per share by the number of reissued shares
2,000 reissued shares×0.45=9002,000 \text{ reissued shares} \times ₦0.45 = ₦900
Only the profit realized on shares that have been reissued is transferable to the Capital Reserve account; unissued forfeited balances remain in the Forfeited Shares account.

Key Concept

Capital Reserve Transfer on Share Reissue
Question 43Question

Sterling Logistics Plc forfeited 1,0001,000 ordinary shares of 1.00₦1.00 nominal value each for non-payment of a call of ���0.30���0.30 per share, after 0.75₦0.75 per share had been called up. The shareholder had paid 0.45₦0.45 per share prior to forfeiture. The shares were subsequently re-issued as fully paid for 0.80₦0.80 per share. What amount should be credited to the Capital Reserve Account upon re-issue?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 250₦250

Answer

The net amount to be credited to the Capital Reserve Account is 250₦250.
The correct answer of 250₦250 is obtained by taking the total cash received on the forfeited shares (1,000×0.45=4501,000 \times ₦0.45 = ₦450) and subtracting the total discount allowed on re-issuing them as fully paid (1,000×(1.000.80)=2001,000 \times (₦1.00 - ₦0.80) = ₦200). The net balance of 250₦250 represents a capital profit transferred to Capital Reserve.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total amount already paid on the forfeited shares (Amount Forfeited)
Amount Forfeited=1,000 shares×0.45=450\text{Amount Forfeited} = 1,000 \text{ shares} \times ₦0.45 = ₦450
The Forfeited Shares Account is credited with the actual money paid by the defaulting shareholder prior to forfeiture.
2
Determine the discount allowed on re-issuing the forfeited shares as fully paid
Discount per Share=1.000.80=0.20\text{Discount per Share} = ₦1.00 - ₦0.80 = ₦0.20; Total Discount Allowed=1,000×0.20=200\text{Total Discount Allowed} = 1,000 \times ₦0.20 = ₦200
When shares with nominal value 1.00₦1.00 are re-issued fully paid for 0.80₦0.80, the shortfall of 0.20₦0.20 per share is debited to the Forfeited Shares Account as discount allowed on re-issue.
3
Calculate the net gain transferred from Forfeited Shares Account to Capital Reserve Account
Capital Reserve Transfer=450200=250\text{Capital Reserve Transfer} = ₦450 - ₦200 = ₦250
Any remaining credit balance in the Forfeited Shares Account after absorbing the re-issue discount represents a profit of a capital nature and must be transferred to Capital Reserve.

Key Concept

Surplus on Re-issue of Forfeited Shares to Capital Reserve
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 44Question

Zenith Ventures Plc forfeited 800800 ordinary shares of 1.00₦1.00 nominal value each, called up to 0.80₦0.80 per share, due to non-payment of the first call of 0.30₦0.30 per share. Prior to forfeiture, the shareholder had paid 0.50₦0.50 per share. All 800800 forfeited shares were subsequently re-issued to a new investor as fully paid up for ��0.60��0.60 per share. What is the net amount, in Naira (), to be credited to the Capital Reserve Account?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 80

Answer

The net amount to be credited to the Capital Reserve Account is 80₦80.
The profit resulting from share forfeiture and re-issue is the excess of the amount forfeited (400₦400) over the discount granted on re-issue (320₦320). The resulting capital profit of 80₦80 is transferred to Capital Reserve.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine total amount forfeited from defaulting shareholder
800 shares×0.50=400800 \text{ shares} \times ₦0.50 = ₦400
The Forfeited Shares account is credited with the actual amount paid by the shareholder prior to default.
2
Determine the discount allowed on re-issue of shares
(1.000.60)×800=0.40×800=320(₦1.00 - ₦0.60) \times 800 = ₦0.40 \times 800 = ₦320
When shares are re-issued as fully paid for 0.60₦0.60, the 0.40₦0.40 deficit per share is absorbed by the Forfeited Shares Account.
3
Calculate the surplus balance transferred to Capital Reserve Account
400320=80₦400 - ₦320 = ₦80
Any remaining balance in the Forfeited Shares Account after re-issue represents a capital gain and must be transferred to Capital Reserve.

Key Concept

Profit on re-issue of forfeited shares transferred to Capital Reserve
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 45Question

Match each share forfeiture and re-issue transaction on the left with its corresponding double-entry accounting treatment on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Forfeiture of shares for non-payment of calls
Discount allowed on the re-issue of forfeited shares
Transfer of remaining surplus on forfeited shares after re-issue

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct pairings match each transaction event with its appropriate double-entry journal posting: Forfeiture of shares requires debiting Share Capital Account and crediting both Calls-in-Arrears Account and Forfeited Shares Account; Discount allowed on re-issue requires debiting Forfeited Shares Account and crediting Share Capital Account; Transfer of remaining surplus after re-issue requires debiting Forfeited Shares Account and crediting Capital Reserve Account.
Each corporate transaction event correctly corresponds to its standardized double-entry posting rule under company financial accounting principles.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine double-entry for share forfeiture
Debit Share Capital Account (called-up value), Credit Calls-in-Arrears Account (unpaid calls), and Credit Forfeited Shares Account (amount paid).
Cancels the issued nominal capital of defaulting shareholders and isolates the money already paid.
2
Determine double-entry for discount on re-issue
Debit Forfeited Shares Account and Credit Share Capital Account for the discount amount.
The discount granted on re-issuing forfeited shares cannot exceed the amount forfeited and is charged against the Forfeited Shares Account.
3
Determine double-entry for capital profit transfer
Debit Forfeited Shares Account and Credit Capital Reserve Account.
Any unutilized balance in the Forfeited Shares Account after re-issuing all forfeited shares is a non-recurring capital profit.

Key Concept

Journal Entries for Forfeiture and Re-issue of Shares
Question 46Question

Highland Beverages Plc offered for public subscription 70,00070,000 ordinary shares of nominal value 3.00\text{₦}3.00 each at an issue price of 3.50\text{₦}3.50 per share. If all the shares were fully subscribed and paid for, what is the total amount, in Naira (\text{₦}), credited to the Share Premium Account?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 35000

Answer

The total amount credited to the Share Premium Account is 35,000\text{₦}35,000.
The share premium per share is the difference between the issue price (3.50\text{₦}3.50) and the nominal value (3.00\text{₦}3.00), which is 0.50\text{₦}0.50. Multiplying this premium per share by 70,00070,000 shares gives a total Share Premium Account balance of 35,000\text{₦}35,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the share premium per share
3.503.00=0.50\text{₦}3.50 - \text{₦}3.00 = \text{₦}0.50
Share premium represents the excess amount paid per share over its nominal (par) value.
2
Compute total Share Premium Account balance
70,000×0.50=35,00070,000 \times \text{₦}0.50 = \text{₦}35,000
The total amount credited to the Share Premium Account is obtained by multiplying the premium per share by the total number of issued and fully subscribed shares.

Key Concept

Calculation of Share Premium Balance on Issue of Shares
Question 47Question

Match each type of company listed on the left with its defining statutory characteristic or legal restriction on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Private Limited Company (Ltd)
Public Limited Company (Plc)
Company Limited by Guarantee
Unlimited Company

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Private Limited Company matches with restriction on public share subscription; Public Limited Company matches with public share invitations and no membership ceiling; Company Limited by Guarantee matches with member fixed financial undertakings instead of share capital; Unlimited Company matches with full personal liability of members for corporate debts.
Each corporate entity is matched according to its governing legal framework: Private Limited Companies restrict share transfers and public subscription; Public Limited Companies allow public share invitations without membership ceilings; Companies Limited by Guarantee rely on member guarantee commitments rather than share capital; and Unlimited Companies leave members personally liable without limit for corporate debts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the statutory share transfer and membership constraints of a Private Limited Company.
Matches with restriction on public subscription, share transfer limitations, and statutory membership limits.
Under company regulations, private companies are prohibited from offering securities to the public.
2
Examine the public subscription and membership rules of a Public Limited Company.
Matches with public share invitations and unlimited maximum membership.
Public companies are designed to raise capital from capital markets and the general public.
3
Analyze the financial structure of a Company Limited by Guarantee.
Matches with fixed financial undertaking by members upon winding up rather than share capital.
Guaranteed companies are typically formed for non-profit purposes supported by member guarantee commitments.
4
Determine the liability profile of an Unlimited Company.
Matches with unlimited personal liability of members for corporate obligations.
Members of unlimited companies do not enjoy corporate limited liability protection upon liquidation.

Key Concept

Classification and legal characteristics of registered corporate entities under company law
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 48Question

Kresta Marine Services Plc issued 120,000120,000 ordinary shares of 1.50\text{₦}1.50 nominal value each at a premium of 10%10\%. What is the total amount, in naira (\text{₦}), to be credited to the Share Premium Account?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 18000

Answer

The total amount credited to the Share Premium Account is 18,000\text{₦}18,000.
The nominal value per share is 1.50\text{₦}1.50. A 10%10\% premium means an excess of 0.15\text{₦}0.15 per share above par value (10%×1.50=0.1510\% \times \text{₦}1.50 = \text{₦}0.15). For 120,000120,000 shares, the total amount credited to the Share Premium Account is 120,000×0.15=18,000120,000 \times \text{₦}0.15 = \text{₦}18,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the share premium value per share
Premium per share = 10%×1.50=0.1510\% \times \text{₦}1.50 = \text{₦}0.15
Share premium is calculated as the specified percentage of the share's nominal (face) value.
2
Determine the total share premium amount to credit to the Share Premium Account
Total Share Premium = 120,000×0.15=18,000120,000 \times \text{₦}0.15 = \text{₦}18,000
The total premium collected across all issued shares must be credited to the Share Premium Account.

Key Concept

Accounting treatment and calculation of share premium when shares are issued above par value.
Question 49Question

Koko Industrial Plc offered 100,000100,000 ordinary shares of 2.00\text{₦}2.00 nominal value each at a premium of 20%20\%. Payments were structured as follows:
- On application: 0.80\text{₦}0.80
- On allotment: 1.00\text{₦}1.00 (including the full share premium)
- On final call: 0.60\text{₦}0.60

If all shares were fully subscribed and allotted, what amount should be credited to the Ordinary Share Capital Account in respect of the allotment stage?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 60,000\text{₦}60,000

Answer

60,000\text{₦}60,000
The option stating 60,000\text{₦}60,000 is correct because the allotment amount of 1.00\text{₦}1.00 per share consists of a 0.40\text{₦}0.40 premium (20%20\% of nominal value 2.00\text{₦}2.00) and a 0.60\text{₦}0.60 capital element. For 100,000100,000 shares, the amount credited to Ordinary Share Capital is 100,000×0.60=60,000100,000 \times \text{₦}0.60 = \text{₦}60,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the share premium per share
Share Premium per share=20%×2.00=0.40\text{Share Premium per share} = 20\% \times \text{₦}2.00 = \text{₦}0.40
Share premium is computed as the given percentage applied to the nominal (face) value per share.
2
Determine the nominal (capital) portion payable on allotment per share
Capital component on allotment=Total Allotment PriceShare Premium per share=1.000.40=0.60\text{Capital component on allotment} = \text{Total Allotment Price} - \text{Share Premium per share} = \text{₦}1.00 - \text{₦}0.40 = \text{₦}0.60
Only the face value portion of share calls/allotments is credited to the Ordinary Share Capital Account.
3
Calculate total credit to Ordinary Share Capital Account on allotment
Total Share Capital Credit=100,000 shares×0.60=60,000\text{Total Share Capital Credit} = 100,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}0.60 = \text{₦}60,000
Multiplying the nominal capital portion per share by the total number of allotted shares gives the total credit entry.

Key Concept

Accounting entries for issue of shares at a premium across installment stages
Question 50Question

BlueWave Ltd issued 2,5002,500, 12%12\% debentures of 200\text{₦}200 each at par on 1st July 2024. Interest is payable semi-annually on 31st December and 30th June. What is the amount of debenture interest payable for the period ending 31st December 2024, in Naira (\text{₦})?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 30000

Answer

The debenture interest payable for the period ending 31st December 2024 is ₦30,000.
The correct answer is obtained by calculating the total nominal value (2,500×200=500,0002,500 \times \text{₦}200 = \text{₦}500,000), finding the annual interest (12%×500,000=60,00012\% \times \text{₦}500,000 = \text{₦}60,000), and then apportioning it for 6 months (July to December), which equals ₦30,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine total nominal value of debentures
₦500,000
Multiply the total number of debentures issued by the nominal value per debenture (2,500×2002,500 \times \text{₦}200).
2
Calculate annual debenture interest
₦60,000
Apply the stated annual coupon rate of 12% to the total nominal value of ₦500,000.
3
Time-apportion interest for the 6-month period
₦30,000
Multiply the annual interest amount by 612\frac{6}{12} to account for the duration from 1st July to 31st December 2024.

Key Concept

Debenture Interest Time Apportionment
Question 51Question

Zenith Apex Logistics Plc issued 150,000150,000 ordinary shares of 2.00\text{₦}2.00 nominal value each at a premium of 15%15\%. Payments were payable as follows:
- On Application: 0.50\text{₦}0.50 per share
- On Allotment: 1.00\text{₦}1.00 per share (including the full premium)
- On First and Final Call: 0.80\text{₦}0.80 per share

Applications were received for 200,000200,000 shares. Applications for 20,00020,000 shares were rejected and money refunded immediately. The surplus application money from the remaining applicants was transferred to offset the amount due on allotment. Calculate the net cash amount (in \text{₦}) received by the company on allotment.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 135000

Answer

The net cash amount received by Zenith Apex Logistics Plc on allotment is ₦135,000.
The company offered 150,000 shares. Out of 200,000 applications, 20,000 were rejected (refunded), leaving 180,000 shares for 150,000 issued shares. The excess application money is 30,000 shares × ₦0.50 = ₦15,000. Total allotment due is 150,000 shares × ₦1.00 = ₦150,000. Subtracting the ₦15,000 surplus already received leaves ₦135,000 net cash received on allotment.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the number of shares considered for pro-rata allotment after refunds
200,000 applied shares - 20,000 rejected shares = 180,000 shares
Rejected applications are refunded immediately and do not contribute to excess application money.
2
Calculate the excess application money transferred to the allotment stage
(180,000 shares - 150,000 issued shares) × ₦0.50 = 30,000 × ₦0.50 = ₦15,000
Money received on excess shares during the application stage is retained to reduce the cash required on allotment.
3
Calculate the total gross amount receivable on allotment
150,000 shares × ₦1.00 = ₦150,000
Allotment money includes the nominal allotment portion plus the full premium per share.
4
Compute the net cash received on allotment
₦150,000 (total due on allotment) - ₦15,000 (surplus application money) = ₦135,000
Net cash received is the total amount due on allotment less the pre-paid excess application funds applied.

Key Concept

Pro-rata Allotment and Treatment of Excess Application Money
Estimated Time:2m 30s
Question 52Question

When a limited liability company issues bonus shares to its existing ordinary shareholders by capitalizing reserves, what is the effect of this transaction on the company's total cash flow?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Total cash flow remains unchanged because bonus shares are issued free of charge to shareholders using existing capital reserves.

Answer

Total cash flow remains unchanged because bonus shares are issued free of charge to shareholders using existing capital reserves.
The correct answer highlights that a bonus issue is an internal capitalization of reserves. Reserves (like share premium or retained earnings) are transferred to ordinary share capital. No cash is received from shareholders, so cash flow is completely unaffected.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the nature of a bonus issue
A bonus issue (capitalization issue) represents the issuance of additional shares to existing shareholders without requiring any cash consideration.
It converts undistributed reserves (such as Share Premium or General Reserve) into issued share capital.
2
Analyze the financial impact on cash balances
Because no cash changes hands between the company and its shareholders, the total cash position and total cash flow remain zero/unchanged.
The transaction is purely a bookkeeping entry within the equity section of the balance sheet.

Key Concept

Bonus Issue and Capitalization of Reserves
Question 53Question

Vanguard Nigeria Plc issued 400,000\text{₦}400,000, 10%10\% debentures at a discount of 5%5\%. Which of the following journal entries correctly records this transaction?

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Answer: Debit Bank Account 380,000\text{₦}380,000, Debit Discount on Issue of Debentures Account 20,000\text{₦}20,000; Credit 10%10\% Debentures Account 400,000\text{₦}400,000

Answer

Debit Bank Account 380,000\text{₦}380,000, Debit Discount on Issue of Debentures Account 20,000\text{₦}20,000; Credit 10%10\% Debentures Account 400,000\text{₦}400,000
When debentures are issued at a discount, the cash received equals Nominal Value minus Discount (400,00020,000=380,000400,000 - 20,000 = 380,000). The Bank Account is debited with 380,000380,000, Discount on Issue of Debentures is debited with 20,00020,000, and the 10%10\% Debentures Account is credited with the nominal value of 400,000400,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the amount of discount on issue
\text{Discount} = 5\% \times \text{₦}400,000 = \text{₦}20,000$
Discount is given as a percentage of the nominal value.
2
Calculate the net cash received in the bank
\text{Net Bank Proceeds} = \text{₦}400,000 - \text{₦}20,000 = \text{₦}380,000$
The company receives the nominal amount minus the discount allowed.
3
Formulate double entry postings
Debit Bank Account (380,000\text{₦}380,000), Debit Discount on Issue of Debentures (20,000\text{₦}20,000), Credit 10%10\% Debentures Account (400,000\text{₦}400,000)
Assets (Bank) increase on debit, losses/expenses (Discount) are debited, and liabilities (Debentures) increase on credit at full nominal value.

Key Concept

Accounting entries for the issue of debentures at a discount
Question 54Question

Zenith Engineering Ltd issued 5,0005,000, 10%10\% debentures of 100\text{₦}100 each at a discount of 4%4\%. The terms of issue specify that the debentures are redeemable after five years at a premium of 5%5\%. What is the total loss on issue of debentures to be written off over the tenure of the debentures?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: \text{₦}45,000

Answer

\text{₦}45,000
The correct answer is \text{₦}45,000. When debentures are issued at a discount and redeemable at a premium, the total capital loss incurred by the issuing company equals the sum of the discount granted upon issue (\text{₦}20,000) and the premium promised upon redemption (\text{₦}25,000). Both components represent a cost of borrowing that must be recognized and written off over the tenure of the debentures.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total nominal value of the debentures issued.
\text{Nominal Value} = 5,000 \times \text{₦}100 = \text{₦}500,000
The nominal value forms the base for calculating both the issue discount and the redemption premium.
2
Calculate the discount allowed on the issue of debentures.
\text{Discount on Issue} = 4\% \times \text{₦}500,000 = \text{₦}20,000
Issuing debentures below face value represents an immediate capital loss.
3
Calculate the premium payable on the redemption of debentures.
\text{Premium on Redemption} = 5\% \times \text{₦}500,000 = \text{₦}25,000
Agreeing to redeem debentures above face value creates an additional capital liability/loss at the date of issue.
4
Sum the discount on issue and premium on redemption to find the total loss on issue.
\text{Total Loss on Issue} = \text{₦}20,000 + \text{₦}25,000 = \text{₦}45,000
Both items are capital losses arising from the issue contract and must be amortized over the debentures' life.

Key Concept

Accounting for Issue of Debentures Redeemable at a Premium
Question 55Question

Meridian Engineering Plc offered for public subscription 250,000250,000 ordinary shares of 2.50\text{₦}2.50 nominal value each at an issue price of 3.00\text{₦}3.00 per share. All the shares were fully subscribed and paid for in full. What is the total amount, in Naira (\text{₦}), to be credited to the Share Premium Account?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 125000

Answer

The total amount credited to the Share Premium Account is ₦125,000.
When shares are issued at a price above nominal value, the nominal value (250,000 × ₦2.50 = ₦625,000) is credited to Ordinary Share Capital, while the excess price of ₦0.50 per share (250,000 × ₦0.50 = ₦125,000) is credited to the Share Premium Account.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the share premium per share
Premium per share = ₦0.50
Share premium is the excess of the issue price over the nominal (par) value of a share (₦3.00 - ₦2.50).
2
Calculate total share premium
Total Share Premium = ₦125,000
Total premium equals number of shares issued multiplied by the premium per share (250,000 × ₦0.50).

Key Concept

Accounting for Share Issue at a Premium
Question 56Question

Match each transaction event relating to the forfeiture and re-issue of shares on the left with its correct double-entry accounting treatment on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Cancellation of share capital upon forfeiture of shares
Accounting for unpaid calls on forfeited shares
Discount allowed to the purchaser upon re-issue of forfeited shares
Transfer of surplus gain remaining on re-issued shares

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Cancellation of share capital upon forfeiture matches Debit Share Capital Account with the called-up amount; Accounting for unpaid calls matches Credit Calls-in-Arrears Account with the unpaid call amount; Discount allowed on re-issue matches Debit Forfeited Shares Account with the discount granted; Transfer of surplus gain matches Credit Capital Reserve Account with the net balance remaining.
Each forfeiture and re-issue stage corresponds directly to standard accounting principles: cancelling capital requires debiting Share Capital by the called-up value, closing defaulted call balances requires crediting Calls-in-Arrears, absorbing discounts on re-issue requires debiting Forfeited Shares Account, and transferring realized profit requires crediting Capital Reserve.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the entry for share forfeiture
Debit Share Capital with the called-up amount, credit Calls-in-Arrears with unpaid calls, and credit Forfeited Shares Account with money already received.
Share forfeiture requires reversing the called-up capital and eliminating the outstanding unpaid call balance.
2
Analyze the entry for re-issuing forfeited shares at a discount
Debit Bank with cash received, debit Forfeited Shares Account with the discount provided, and credit Share Capital Account with nominal paid-up value.
The discount granted on re-issue is absorbed by the forfeited funds already collected.
3
Analyze the transfer of the net profit on re-issued shares
Debit Forfeited Shares Account and credit Capital Reserve Account with the net profit.
Profit arising from the forfeiture and subsequent re-issue of shares is a capital profit and must be credited to Capital Reserve.

Key Concept

Accounting Entries for Forfeiture and Re-issue of Shares
Question 57Question

Danube Maritime Plc issued 50,00050,000 ordinary shares of 2.00\text{₦}2.00 nominal value each at an issue price of 2.50\text{₦}2.50 per share. All shares were fully subscribed and the money was received in full. What is the correct accounting treatment for the total excess proceeds of 25,000\text{₦}25,000 received above the nominal value?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Credit the Share Premium Account and present it under Reserves in the Statement of Financial Position.

Answer

The total excess proceeds of ₦25,000 must be credited to the Share Premium Account and presented under Reserves in Equity within the Statement of Financial Position.
When shares are issued at a price above nominal value, the excess amount is a capital gain (receipt) known as Share Premium. This amount must be credited to the Share Premium Account and classified under Capital Reserves / Equity in the Statement of Financial Position.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the share premium per share and total share premium
Premium per share = ₦2.50 - ₦2.00 = ₦0.50 per share. Total share premium = 50,000 × ₦0.50 = ₦25,000.
Determines the portion of proceeds that exceeds nominal value.
2
Determine double entry for the share issue
Debit Bank ₦125,000; Credit Ordinary Share Capital ₦100,000; Credit Share Premium ₦25,000.
Nominal value goes to share capital, while the excess goes to the capital reserve account.
3
Identify financial statement presentation
Share Premium is shown under Reserves (Capital Reserves / Equity section) in the Statement of Financial Position.
It is a non-distributable capital reserve under company law.

Key Concept

Accounting for Share Premium
Question 58Question

Sterling Heights Plc has an issued share capital of 2,000,0002,000,000 ordinary shares of 0.50\text{₦}0.50 each. The company makes a rights issue of 11 new share for every 44 ordinary shares held at an issue price of 0.75\text{₦}0.75 per share. If all rights are fully subscribed and paid for, what is the total cash proceeds raised from the rights issue in Naira?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 375000

Answer

The total cash proceeds raised from the rights issue is ₦375,000.
To determine cash proceeds from a rights issue, first compute the number of new shares created by dividing the total issued shares by the ratio factor (2,000,000 / 4 = 500,000 shares). Then, multiply this quantity by the offer price of ₦0.75 per share to get ₦375,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total number of rights shares issued
500,000 shares
The rights issue gives shareholders 1 new share for every 4 existing shares held (2,000,000 ÷ 4 = 500,000 shares).
2
Calculate total cash proceeds from the issue
₦375,000
Multiply the number of newly issued rights shares by the issue price per share (500,000 shares × ₦0.75 = ₦375,000).

Key Concept

Calculation of cash proceeds from a rights issue
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 59Question

Kano Logistics Plc issued 100,000\text{₦}100,000, 8%8\% debentures at par on 1st January 2025. What is the total annual debenture interest payable by the company for the year ended 31st December 2025?

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Answer: 8000

Answer

The total annual debenture interest payable for the year is ₦8,000.
Debenture interest is calculated by multiplying the nominal value of the debentures by the stated annual coupon interest rate (100,000×8%=8,000\text{₦}100,000 \times 8\% = \text{₦}8,000). Since the debentures were outstanding for the entire financial year, full year's interest of 8,000\text{₦}8,000 is payable.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the face (nominal) value of debentures and interest percentage rate.
Nominal value = 100,000\text{₦}100,000; Interest rate = 8%8\% per annum.
Debenture interest is calculated on the nominal value of debentures issued.
2
Compute the full annual interest payable.
Interest = 100,000×0.08=8,000\text{₦}100,000 \times 0.08 = \text{₦}8,000.
The debentures were held for the entire 12-month period from 1st January 2025 to 31st December 2025.

Key Concept

Calculation of debenture interest based on nominal value and coupon rate
Question 60Question

Meridian Marine Plc has an issued share capital of 1,600,0001,600,000 ordinary shares of 0.50\text{₦}0.50 each. The board of directors resolves to make a rights issue of 11 new ordinary share for every 44 shares held at an issue price of 0.80\text{₦}0.80 per share. If all shareholders exercise their rights in full, what is the total amount that will be credited to the Share Premium account from this transaction?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 120,000\text{₦}120,000

Answer

The total amount credited to the Share Premium account is 120,000\text{₦}120,000.
The number of rights shares issued is 400,000400,000 (1,600,000÷41,600,000 \div 4). The premium per share is 0.30\text{₦}0.30 (0.800.50\text{₦}0.80 - \text{₦}0.50). Multiplying 400,000400,000 shares by 0.30\text{₦}0.30 gives 120,000\text{₦}120,000 credited to Share Premium.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the number of new rights shares issued.
Rights Shares=1,600,0004=400,000 shares\text{Rights Shares} = \frac{1,600,000}{4} = 400,000 \text{ shares}.
The rights ratio is 1 new share for every 4 existing shares held.
2
Determine the share premium per share.
Premium per Share=0.800.50=0.30\text{Premium per Share} = \text{₦}0.80 - \text{₦}0.50 = \text{₦}0.30.
Share premium is the excess of issue price over nominal value.
3
Compute total amount credited to Share Premium account.
Total Share Premium=400,000×0.30=120,000\text{Total Share Premium} = 400,000 \times \text{₦}0.30 = \text{₦}120,000.
Multiplying the total rights shares by the premium per share gives the total balance credited to capital reserves.

Key Concept

Rights Issue and Share Premium Accounting
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