All practice questions

Consider the following statements regarding national income indicators:

1. Nominal GDP measures an economy's total gross domestic product evaluated using prices of the current year.
2. Real GDP measures economic output using constant base-year prices to isolate the effect of quantity changes from price changes.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Match List-I (Constitutional Articles concerning the Union Executive) with List-II (Respective Specific Provisions) and select the correct matching code:

With reference to the institutional framework of NITI Aayog and the post-2017 economic planning mechanism in India, consider the following statements:

I. NITI Aayog does not possess the statutory power to allocate financial grants to state governments, transferring fund devolution responsibilities entirely to the Union Ministry of Finance.
II. The Governing Council of NITI Aayog is chaired by the Union Finance Minister and includes the Chief Ministers of all States and Union Territories with Assemblies.
III. NITI Aayog replaced traditional Five-Year Plans with a framework comprising a 15-Year Vision Document, a 7-Year Medium-Term Strategy, and a 3-Year Action Agenda.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following metrics specifically measures income inequality as the ratio of the income share of the richest 10% of the population to that of the poorest 40%?

Match the committees and working groups associated with Indian economic planning and structural reforms in List-I with their key policy recommendations or sectoral milestones in List-II. Which pairing correctly matches each committee with its primary reform mandate?

Consider the following statements regarding the GDP Deflator:

1. It is calculated as the ratio of Nominal GDP to Real GDP expressed as a percentage.
2. It includes the prices of imported consumer goods to measure domestic price level changes.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the constitutional distinction regarding enforceability and judicial remedies between Fundamental Rights (Part III) and Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) under the Constitution of India?

Which of the following major ports of India was developed as the country's first corporatised major port operating as a public company under the Companies Act, primarily designed to handle thermal coal imports for electricity generation?

Consider the following statements regarding the structural and relief features of the Peninsular Plateau of India:

1. The Central Highlands lie to the north of the Narmada River and are bounded by the Aravalli range on the northwest.
2. The Deccan Plateau is higher in the east and slopes gently towards the west.
3. The Western Ghats form a continuous relief wall that can be traversed only through passes, whereas the Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and dissected by major east-flowing rivers.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the poverty estimation methodology recommended by the C. Rangarajan Committee (2014) in India:

1. It calculated separate poverty line baskets (PLB) for rural and urban areas based on normative levels of nutrition (calories, proteins, and fats) along with essential non-food expenditure.
2. It excluded private household expenditure on health and education from the poverty line basket on the assumption that these are entirely provided by the state.
3. It adopted the Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP) to collect consumer expenditure data across 7-day, 30-day, and 365-day recall windows.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following receipt heads under the Union Budget of India:

1. Dividends and profits earned from Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs)
2. Interest receipts on loans extended by the Central Government to State Governments
3. Disinvestment receipts from the liquidation of government equity in public undertakings
4. User charges and fees collected for administrative services

Which of the components listed above are classified as Non-Tax Revenue Receipts of the Central Government?

Match the prominent relief and landform features of India listed in List I with their corresponding mountain ranges or geographical regions in List II:

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the leadership and events associated with Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah during the Revolt of 1857?

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the constitutional boundary governing the Supreme Court's writ jurisdiction while entertaining a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) under Article 32 compared to a High Court's jurisdiction under Article 226?

The Constitution of India explicitly outlines obligations of the Union towards the constituent States during crises. Which Article of the Constitution of India imposes a duty on the Union to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance, and to ensure that the government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution?

With reference to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India following the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019, consider the following statements:

1. The tenure of the Chairperson and Members of the Commission was revised from 5 years to 3 years, or until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier, with eligibility for re-appointment.
2. The high-level Selection Committee for recommending the appointment of the Chairperson includes the Prime Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha, Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, Union Home Minister, and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, but excludes the Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha.
3. The 2019 amendment expanded the ex-officio members of the Commission to include the Chairperson of the National Commission for Backward Classes, the Chairperson of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Under the constitutional framework of India, what is the exact legal position when a State Legislature re-passes an Ordinary Bill that was returned on the direction of the President of India after being reserved by the Governor under Article 200?

With reference to the administrative structure and land revenue system under the Imperial Cholas, consider the following statements:

1. The empire was hierarchically organized into provinces called Mandalams, which were further subdivided into Valanadus, Nadus, and Kurrams.
2. Systematic land surveys and detailed land classifications were conducted during the reign of Rajaraja I to fix precise revenue assessments.
3. The central revenue department responsible for maintaining land tax records was known as the Diwan-i-Wazarat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) framework published by NITI Aayog:

1. The index assigns an equal weight of $\frac{1}{3}$ to each of the three macroeconomic dimensions: Health, Education, and Standard of Living.
2. In addition to the ten indicators of the Global MPI, the National MPI incorporates two context-specific indicators for India: 'Maternal Health' and 'Bank Account'.
3. A household is classified as multidimensionally poor if its cumulative weighted deprivation score is equal to or exceeds $50\%$ of the weighted indicators.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

For a given financial year, the budgetary estimates of the Union Government of India are recorded as follows:
- Total Expenditure: $\text{₹}45,00,000$ crore
- Revenue Receipts: $\text{₹}22,50,000$ crore
- Non-Debt Capital Receipts (Recovery of Loans and Disinvestment): $\text{₹}75,000$ crore
- Interest Payments: $\text{₹}10,00,000$ crore

Based on these budgetary figures, what is the Gross Fiscal Deficit of the government for the financial year (in ₹ crore)?