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Question 161Question →

Match the major multipurpose water reservoir projects in List I with the corresponding rivers on which they are constructed in List II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Ukai Dam
Salal Hydroelectric Project
Hirakud Dam
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam

Matches

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Answer

Ukai Dam matches with Tapti River; Salal Hydroelectric Project matches with Chenab River; Hirakud Dam matches with Mahanadi River; and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam matches with Krishna River.
Ukai Dam is located on the Tapti River, Salal Hydroelectric Project on the Chenab River, Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River, and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam on the Krishna River.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the river associated with Ukai Dam.
Ukai Dam is built on the Tapti River in Gujarat.
It is the second largest reservoir in Gujarat constructed on the west-flowing Tapti River.
2
Identify the river associated with Salal Hydroelectric Project.
Salal Project is located on the Chenab River in Jammu & Kashmir.
It is one of the early major power projects constructed under the Indus Waters Treaty framework on the Chenab River.
3
Identify the river associated with Hirakud Dam.
Hirakud Dam is constructed across the Mahanadi River in Odisha.
It is one of the longest earthen dams in the world built across the Mahanadi River.
4
Identify the river associated with Nagarjuna Sagar Dam.
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is built across the Krishna River.
It forms a critical irrigation and hydroelectric resource spanning Andhra Pradesh and Telangana along the Krishna River.

Key Concept

Multipurpose River Projects and Drainage System of India
Question 162Question →

Match the early Gandhian movements and Satyagrahas in List-I with their corresponding primary objective or key feature in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)
Vedaranyam Salt March (1930)

Matches

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Answer

Champaran Satyagraha (1917) matches with protest against Tinkathia indigo system; Kheda Satyagraha (1918) matches with land revenue remission demand due to crop failure; Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) matches with the first hunger strike for mill workers' wages; Vedaranyam Salt March (1930) matches with the salt march led by C. Rajagopalachari in Tamil Nadu.
Each movement is matched with its distinct focus and leadership: Champaran involved indigo peasants fighting the Tinkathia system, Kheda involved peasants seeking land revenue remission, Ahmedabad involved textile workers and Gandhi's first hunger strike, and Vedaranyam involved C. Rajagopalachari leading the salt satyagraha on the Tamil coast.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Champaran Satyagraha (1917).
It focused on indigo farmers in Bihar suffering under the Tinkathia system.
This establishes the direct match between Champaran Satyagraha (1917) and relief from the compulsory indigo cultivation system.
2
Analyze Kheda Satyagraha (1918).
It addressed agrarian distress in Gujarat where farmers demanded land revenue exemption due to crop failure.
This links Kheda Satyagraha (1918) directly to land revenue remission demands.
3
Analyze Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918).
It involved textile workers in an industrial wage dispute where Gandhi undertook his first hunger strike.
This pairs Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) with the first hunger strike for textile workers.
4
Analyze Vedaranyam Salt March (1930).
It was a coastal salt march organized by C. Rajagopalachari in Tamil Nadu during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
This pairs Vedaranyam Salt March (1930) with C. Rajagopalachari's regional salt law violation.

Key Concept

Early Gandhian Satyagrahas and Civil Disobedience Regional Manifestations
Question 163Question →

Match the major Indian rivers listed in List I with their precise geographical places of origin in List II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Mahanadi River
Indus River
Sabarmati River
Godavari River

Matches

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Answer

The Mahanadi River originates in the Sihawa Highlands of Chhattisgarh, the Indus River originates at Bokhar Chu Glacier in Tibet, the Sabarmati River originates in the Aravalli Range near Dhebar Lake in Rajasthan, and the Godavari River originates at Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra.
Each river correctly aligns with its precise place of origin: Mahanadi with Sihawa Highlands (Chhattisgarh), Indus with Bokhar Chu Glacier (Tibet), Sabarmati with Aravalli Range near Dhebar Lake (Rajasthan), and Godavari with Trimbakeshwar (Maharashtra).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the source of the Mahanadi River.
The Mahanadi rises in the Sihawa Highlands of Dhamtari district, Chhattisgarh.
This establishes the origin point of the principal river of Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
2
Identify the source of the Indus River.
The Indus emerges near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet from the Bokhar Chu Glacier.
This is the Trans-Himalayan glacier origin of the Indus River system.
3
Identify the source of the Sabarmati River.
The Sabarmati originates in the Aravalli Range of Udaipur district, Rajasthan, near Dhebar Lake.
This distinguishes it as a major West-flowing Peninsular river originating in Rajasthan.
4
Identify the source of the Godavari River.
The Godavari originates at Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra.
This establishes the Western Ghats origin of the largest Peninsular river system.

Key Concept

Origins and Source Regions of Indian Rivers
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 164Question →

Match List-I (Socio-Religious Reformers) with List-II (Associated Journals/Publications) and establish the correct pair associations.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Kandukuri Veeresalingam
Gopal Hari Deshmukh ('Lokahitawadi')
E.V. Ramasamy ('Periyar')
Jyotirao Phule

Matches

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Answer

Kandukuri Veeresalingam corresponds to Viveka Vardhini; Gopal Hari Deshmukh ('Lokahitawadi') corresponds to Shatapatre (published in Prabhakar); E.V. Ramasamy ('Periyar') corresponds to Kudi Arasu; and Jyotirao Phule corresponds to Deenbandhu.
Each socio-religious reformer led regional social awakening through dedicated journals: Kandukuri Veeresalingam founded 'Viveka Vardhini' in Andhra; Gopal Hari Deshmukh wrote 'Shatapatre' in the Marathi periodical 'Prabhakar'; E.V. Ramasamy launched 'Kudi Arasu' for the Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu; and Jyotirao Phule's Satyashodhak movement operated through 'Deenbandhu'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary journal associated with Kandukuri Veeresalingam's social reform efforts in Andhra.
Veeresalingam founded 'Viveka Vardhini' in 1874.
It served as his mouthpiece for promoting widow remarriage and social reform.
2
Determine the reformist writings of Gopal Hari Deshmukh ('Lokahitawadi').
Deshmukh wrote 'Shatapatre', a collection of 108 reformist essays published in 'Prabhakar'.
These essays criticized orthodox religious beliefs and advocated social progressivism in Maharashtra.
3
Identify the publication vehicle for E.V. Ramasamy's Self-Respect Movement.
Periyar launched the Tamil weekly 'Kudi Arasu' in 1925.
It disseminated rationalist thoughts and anti-caste critique.
4
Associate Jyotirao Phule with the foundational journal of Satyashodhak Samaj.
Phule's movement relied on 'Deenbandhu', launched by his associate Krishnarao Bhalekar.
Deenbandhu focused specifically on issues of non-Brahmin workers and peasants.

Key Concept

Key Reformers of the 19th and 20th Century Socio-Religious Movements and their Literary Organs
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 165Question →

Match the British colonial policies and land revenue systems listed in List-I with their primary features or associated mechanisms listed in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Permanent Settlement
Subsidiary Alliance System
Ryotwari System
Doctrine of Lapse

Matches

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Answer

Permanent Settlement matches with the fixation of state revenue demand in perpetuity with zamindars as legal proprietors; Subsidiary Alliance System matches with the obligation on native rulers to maintain British military forces and surrender external sovereignty; Ryotwari System matches with direct state assessment from individual cultivators; and Doctrine of Lapse matches with the annexation of princely states lacking a natural heir.
Each British policy corresponds strictly to its specific mechanism: Permanent Settlement established permanent land ownership for zamindars in exchange for fixed revenue; Subsidiary Alliance bound Indian states militarily to the British East India Company; Ryotwari System created direct fiscal relationships with ryots; and the Doctrine of Lapse annexed states that lacked direct line natural heirs.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key provisions of British land revenue arrangements
Connect Permanent Settlement (1793) with perpetual revenue demand under zamindari ownership, and Ryotwari System with direct settlement with individual ryots (cultivators).
Permanent Settlement relied on zamindars as intermediaries, whereas Ryotwari bypassed intermediaries to collect revenue directly from peasants.
2
Identify the political and expansionist instruments of colonial control
Link the Subsidiary Alliance System to military maintenance obligations on native states, and the Doctrine of Lapse to imperial annexation of heirless principalities.
Wellesley used subsidiary troops to subordinate Indian states, while Dalhousie used the denial of adoption rights to annex sovereign territories.
3
Synthesize the correct pairs
Form the accurate mapping between each policy and its corresponding feature.
Ensures precise categorization of colonial economic and political mechanisms.

Key Concept

Administrative and Economic Mechanisms of British Imperial Expansion
Question 166Question →

Match the major Gandhian mass movement milestones listed in List-I with the corresponding Indian National Congress (INC) sessions or venues where they were formally adopted or endorsed in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Ratification of the Non-Cooperation Movement program
Authorization of Civil Disobedience and Poorna Swaraj declaration
Passage of the Quit India Resolution
Decision to launch Individual Satyagraha

Matches

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Answer

The correct matching aligns the ratification of the Non-Cooperation Movement program with the Nagpur Session (1920), the authorization of Civil Disobedience with the Lahore Session (1929), the passage of the Quit India Resolution with the Bombay Session (1942), and the decision for Individual Satyagraha with the Wardha Meeting (1940).
The Non-Cooperation Movement program was ratified at the Nagpur Session in December 1920. The Civil Disobedience Movement was authorized following the Poorna Swaraj declaration at the Lahore Session in December 1929. The Quit India Resolution was adopted by the AICC at the Bombay Session on August 8, 1942. Individual Satyagraha was planned and authorized at the Wardha meetings in 1940.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the INC session associated with the Non-Cooperation Movement ratification.
The Non-Cooperation resolution was initially passed at the special Calcutta session in September 1920 and fully ratified along with organizational changes at the regular Nagpur Session in December 1920.
This establishes the formal organizational launch of the Non-Cooperation phase.
2
Associate the Poorna Swaraj mandate with the launch of Civil Disobedience.
Under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru at the Lahore Session in December 1929, the goal of Complete Independence was declared and the Working Committee was authorized to start Civil Disobedience.
This links the goal of complete independence to the second major pan-Indian movement.
3
Differentiate between the late-phase Gandhian movements and their resolution venues.
Individual Satyagraha was planned at Wardha in October 1940, whereas the All India Congress Committee formally passed the Quit India Resolution at Gowalia Tank, Bombay, on August 8, 1942.
This separates wartime Gandhian strategies by their meeting sites and years.

Key Concept

Organizational sanction and INC session contexts for major Gandhian mass movements
Question 167Question →

Match the global mineral belts and industrial regions in List-I with their corresponding economic significance and country location in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Krivoy Rog
Kuznetsk Basin (Kuzbass)
Witwatersrand
Pilbara Region

Matches

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Answer

Krivoy Rog correctly matches with Major iron ore extraction basin in Ukraine; Kuznetsk Basin (Kuzbass) correctly matches with Extensive coal field and steel industrial complex in Russia; Witwatersrand correctly matches with Historic goldfield and uranium mining region in South Africa; Pilbara Region correctly matches with Vast high-grade hematite iron ore mining province in Western Australia.
Each industrial region correctly aligns with its geographic location and principal mineral resource: Krivoy Rog in Ukraine is known for iron ore, Kuznetsk Basin in Russia for coal, Witwatersrand in South Africa for gold and uranium, and the Pilbara Region in Western Australia for iron ore.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Krivoy Rog's geographical location and primary mineral output.
Krivoy Rog is situated in central Ukraine and is globally recognized for iron ore extraction.
Connecting Krivoy Rog to Ukrainian iron ore establishes the first match.
2
Identify the geographical region and economic profile of Kuznetsk Basin.
Kuzbass is a massive Russian coal basin driving the country's metallurgical sector.
Associating Kuzbass with Russian coal fields establishes the second match.
3
Examine Witwatersrand's global industrial reputation.
Witwatersrand is located in South Africa, famous historically for gold deposits and rich uranium byproduct extraction.
Linking Witwatersrand with South African gold and uranium completes the third match.
4
Determine the primary resource base of the Pilbara Region.
Pilbara in Western Australia is globally prominent for large-scale iron ore mining.
Matching Pilbara to Western Australian iron ore completes the final pair.

Key Concept

Global spatial distribution of major mineral belts and industrial mining regions
Question 168Question →

Match the British colonial policies/administrative measures in List-I with their corresponding primary objective or key feature in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Charter Act of 1813
Subsidiary Alliance System
Sunset Clause of Permanent Settlement
Wood's Despatch of 1854

Matches

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Answer

Charter Act of 1813 matches ending Company trade monopoly except tea and China trade; Subsidiary Alliance System matches maintaining British troops at state expense; Sunset Clause matches forfeiture of zamindari estates if unpaid by sunset; Wood's Despatch of 1854 matches creating a structured education hierarchy.
Each policy is accurately matched to its distinct administrative function: the Charter Act of 1813 partially abolished East India Company trade monopolies, the Subsidiary Alliance system stationed Company troops inside Indian states at state expense, the Sunset Clause regulated punctual revenue payment under Permanent Settlement through land auctions, and Wood's Despatch of 1854 established a comprehensive educational administrative framework.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Examine the policy provisions listed under List-I and identify their historical purpose.
Identified four landmark administrative, economic, and military policies of British rule in India prior to 1858.
Understanding the core objectives of colonial legislation allows precise pairing with their specific legal features.
2
Pair economic and expansion policies: Charter Act of 1813 and Subsidiary Alliance System.
Charter Act of 1813 links to partial commercial monopoly removal; Subsidiary Alliance System links to troop maintenance at princely expense.
The 1813 Charter Act opened Indian trade to all British merchants (excluding tea/China), while Wellesley's alliance secured military control.
3
Pair land revenue and social policies: Sunset Clause and Wood's Despatch.
Sunset Clause links to zamindari auction upon revenue default; Wood's Despatch links to formal educational structure.
Cornwallis enforced strict revenue deadlines under Permanent Settlement, while Charles Wood established systematic education policy.

Key Concept

British Colonial Expansion, Economic Policies, and Administrative Systems
Question 169Question →

Match the river tributaries in List-I with their precise originating locations and parent river systems in List-II:

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Items

Kishanganga
Seonath (Shivnath)
Amaravathi
Bhima

Matches

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Answer

Kishanganga matches with the tributary of the Jhelum originating near Machoi Glacier near Dras; Seonath matches with the major tributary of the Mahanadi originating from Panabaras Hill; Amaravathi matches with the tributary of the Cauvery originating from Manjampatti Valley in the Anaimalai Hills; Bhima matches with the major left-bank tributary of the Krishna originating near Bhimashankar in the Western Ghats.
Each tributary is correctly paired with its specific geographical point of origin and its respective parent river system: Kishanganga with the Jhelum (Machoi Glacier near Dras), Seonath with the Mahanadi (Panabaras Hill), Amaravathi with the Cauvery (Manjampatti Valley), and Bhima with the Krishna (Bhimashankar in the Western Ghats).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical origin and parent basin of Kishanganga.
Kishanganga rises near Machoi Glacier (Dras) in the Himalayan region and drains into the Jhelum River.
Correctly places Himalayan trans-boundary stream in the Indus basin network.
2
Identify the origin and drainage network of Seonath.
Seonath originates from Panabaras Hill in Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh, and drains into the Mahanadi River.
Establishes central Indian Peninsular drainage linkages.
3
Identify the origin and drainage network of Amaravathi.
Amaravathi originates in Manjampatti Valley in the Anaimalai range and flows into the Cauvery River basin.
Differentiates southern Peninsular Cauvery tributaries from Krishna/Godavari tributaries.
4
Identify the origin and drainage network of Bhima.
Bhima originates near Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga in Maharashtra and is the largest left-bank tributary of the Krishna River.
Distinguishes Krishna upper catchment tributaries in the Western Ghats.

Key Concept

Origins and basin pairings of major Indian river tributaries
Question 170Question →

Match the regional Satyagrahas and movements of the Gandhian Era listed in List-I with their respective key leaders and core issues in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–1925)
Borsad Satyagraha (1923)
Nagpur Flag Satyagraha (1923)
Rajkot Satyagraha (1939)

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–1925) corresponds to temple-road access led by T.K. Madhavan and K.P. Kesava Menon; Borsad Satyagraha (1923) corresponds to Vallabhbhai Patel's campaign against the anti-dacoit punitive poll tax; Nagpur Flag Satyagraha (1923) corresponds to Jamnalal Bajaj and Sardar Patel asserting the right to hoist the Tricolor; Rajkot Satyagraha (1939) corresponds to Mahatma Gandhi's fast against Dewan Virawala over constitutional reform breaches.
Each regional struggle is matched with its historical specifics: Vaikom Satyagraha centered on social equality and temple-road access in Kerala under leaders like T.K. Madhavan and K.P. Kesava Menon; Borsad Satyagraha was Sardar Patel's successful non-tax campaign against an anti-dacoit punitive levy; Nagpur Flag Satyagraha defended the right to display the Tricolor led by Jamnalal Bajaj and Sardar Patel; and Rajkot Satyagraha involved Mahatma Gandhi's historic fast against Dewan Virawala over princely state administrative reforms.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the leadership and issue of Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–1925)
Recognize that this movement in Travancore was organized by T.K. Madhavan, K.P. Kesava Menon, and K. Kelappan to assert rights for oppressed castes to use roads surrounding temple precincts.
Establishes the correct match for Vaikom Satyagraha.
2
Identify the leadership and issue of Borsad Satyagraha (1923)
Determine that Vallabhbhai Patel mobilized the villagers of Borsad in Kheda district against an arbitrary punitive poll tax imposed under the guise of funding anti-dacoit police forces.
Establishes the correct match for Borsad Satyagraha.
3
Identify the leadership and issue of Nagpur Flag Satyagraha (1923)
Analyze that this agitation was started to defend the honor of the National Tricolor against colonial municipal restrictions, led prominently by Jamnalal Bajaj and Sardar Patel.
Establishes the correct match for Nagpur Flag Satyagraha.
4
Identify the leadership and issue of Rajkot Satyagraha (1939)
Connect Mahatma Gandhi's direct intervention via a fast unto death in Rajkot State to the violation of administrative reform agreements by Dewan Virawala.
Establishes the correct match for Rajkot Satyagraha.

Key Concept

Regional Satyagrahas, Leadership Dynamics, and Specific Issues in Gandhian Mass Mobilization
Question 171Question →

Match List-I (Gandhian Satyagrahas and Movements) with List-II (Associated Key Leaders/Organizers) and choose the correct matching pairs.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Nagpur Flag Satyagraha (1923)
Borsad Satyagraha (1923)
Vaikom Temple Entry Satyagraha (1924–1925)
Individual Satyagraha (1940)

Matches

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Answer

Nagpur Flag Satyagraha (1923) matches with Jamnalal Bajaj and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel; Borsad Satyagraha (1923) matches with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel; Vaikom Temple Entry Satyagraha (1924–1925) matches with K.P. Kesava Menon and T.K. Madhavan; Individual Satyagraha (1940) matches with Acharya Vinoba Bhave.
Each campaign represents a specific application of Gandhian Satyagraha methods led by key figures: the Nagpur Flag Satyagraha was led by Jamnalal Bajaj and Sardar Patel; Borsad Satyagraha was organized by Sardar Patel against punitive tax laws; Vaikom Satyagraha was spearheaded by K.P. Kesava Menon and T.K. Madhavan for social rights; and Acharya Vinoba Bhave served as the first satyagrahi during the 1940 Individual Satyagraha.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the leadership of the 1923 campaign for the right to carry the tricolor flag in Nagpur.
Jamnalal Bajaj led the initial phase and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel directed the final successful mobilization after Bajaj was imprisoned.
Nagpur Flag Satyagraha was a pivotal post-Non-Cooperation Gandhian campaign.
2
Determine the organizer of the anti-punitive poll tax campaign in Borsad Taluka in 1923.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel mobilized villagers against the Haidia tax imposed under the pretext of dacoit protection.
Patel's non-violent agitation forced government official cancellation of the unjust tax.
3
Identify the regional organizers of the anti-untouchability temple road access campaign in Travancore.
K.P. Kesava Menon and T.K. Madhavan led the movement at Vaikom under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi.
Vaikom Satyagraha was the first major organized struggle against untouchability in South India.
4
Recall the first person chosen by Mahatma Gandhi to initiate the 1940 campaign.
Acharya Vinoba Bhave was selected as the first Satyagrahi, followed by Jawaharlal Nehru.
Individual Satyagraha was carefully crafted to express anti-war sentiment non-violently without causing widespread civil disruption during WWII.

Key Concept

Leadership and Organization in Gandhian Regional and Focused Satyagrahas (1923–1940)
Question 172Question →

Match the physical landforms listed in List-I with their corresponding primary geomorphic agents responsible for their formation in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Cirque
Yardang
Stalactite
Delta

Matches

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Answer

Cirque matches with Glacial erosion; Yardang matches with Wind (Aeolian) erosion; Stalactite matches with Underground water (Karst) deposition; Delta matches with Running water (Fluvial) deposition.
Each landform is paired correctly with its agent of formation: Cirques are formed by glacial erosion, Yardangs by wind (aeolian) erosion, Stalactites by underground water (karst) deposition, and Deltas by running water (fluvial) sediment deposition.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the erosional landforms created by ice and wind action.
Cirque is linked to glacial erosion, and Yardang is linked to wind (aeolian) abrasion in deserts.
Both are classic landforms produced by abrasive erosional processes of glaciers and wind respectively.
2
Identify the depositional features formed by subsurface solution and surface streams.
Stalactite is linked to underground water precipitation in limestone caves, while Delta is linked to river sediment accumulation.
Deposition occurs when the transporting medium (groundwater or river stream) loses velocity or undergoes chemical precipitation.

Key Concept

Geomorphic Agents and Associated Erosional/Depositional Landforms
Question 173Question →

Match the key administrative officials of the Mauryan Empire listed in List-I with their corresponding administrative functions in List-II as outlined in Arthashastra and Mauryan governance records:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Samaharta
Sannidhata
Vyavaharika
Antapal

Matches

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Answer

Samaharta matches with assessment and collection of state revenue; Sannidhata matches with custody of the royal treasury and storehouses; Vyavaharika matches with presiding judge over civil courts; and Antapal matches with management and defense of frontier forts.
The correct matches accurately reflect the central administrative framework of the Mauryan state: Samaharta collected revenue, Sannidhata kept custody of state funds and grain, Vyavaharika led civil judicial proceedings, and Antapal guarded imperial frontier forts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the fiscal administration roles in Kautilya's Arthashastra.
Identify Samaharta as the chief revenue collector and Sannidhata as the chief treasurer.
Mauryan central governance clearly separated the collection of state taxes (Samaharta) from the custodian storage of physical reserves and granaries (Sannidhata).
2
Examine the judicial designation in urban and imperial administrative hierarchies.
Identify Vyavaharika as the judge presiding over Dharmasthiya civil courts.
Civil litigation was handled by judicial officers called Vyavaharika, distinct from criminal judges known as Pradeshta.
3
Identify the border administration officer responsible for territorial security.
Match Antapal to the defense and security of frontier fortresses.
Antapal monitored border movement and protected outer provincial gateways into the Mauryan heartland.

Key Concept

Mauryan Imperial Administration and Administrative Terminology
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 174Question →

Match the physical landforms in List-I with their corresponding primary geomorphic agent in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Yardang
Cirque
Stalagmite
Tombolo

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Yardang matches with Wind (Aeolian) action; Cirque matches with Glacial erosion; Stalagmite matches with Groundwater (Karst) deposition; Tombolo matches with Wave and coastal current deposition.
Each feature correctly matches its primary agent: Yardangs are created by aeolian erosion in arid landscapes; Cirques are glacial erosion basins; Stalalagmites develop via karst groundwater precipitation; Tombolos represent wave-driven coastal deposition linking islands to the mainland.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the formation agent for Yardang
Yardangs are carved by wind abrasion operating on alternating hard and soft rocks in deserts.
Attributing landform to aeolian processes.
2
Identify the formation agent for Cirque
Cirques are classic arm-chair hollows created by alpine glacier pluck and abrasion.
Attributing landform to glacial processes.
3
Identify the formation agent for Stalagmite
Stalagmites build up from cave floors via groundwater solution and drip deposition.
Attributing landform to karst subsurface processes.
4
Identify the formation agent for Tombolo
Tombolos are coastal ridges created by wave refraction and sediment deposition.
Attributing landform to marine depositional processes.

Key Concept

Geomorphic Processes and Landforms
Question 175Question →

Match the intrusive igneous landforms listed in List-I with their corresponding structural and geometric characteristics in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Laccolith
Lopolith
Phacolith
Batholith

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Laccolith corresponds to the dome-shaped intrusion with a planar horizontal base; Lopolith corresponds to the saucer-shaped body concave toward the sky; Phacolith corresponds to the lens-shaped body at fold crests or troughs; Batholith corresponds to the massive plutonic rock body forming mountain cores.
Each intrusive landform is correctly matched to its specific structural morphology: Laccolith to the dome shape with a flat base, Lopolith to the saucer-shaped concave structure, Phacolith to the lens-shaped fold hinge intrusion, and Batholith to the massive granitic plutonic body.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the structural geometry of Laccolith
Laccolith matches with the dome-shaped intrusion having a flat horizontal base and a pipe feeder.
Viscous magma forces the overlying strata to arch upward, creating a dome structure over a flat base.
2
Analyze the structural geometry of Lopolith
Lopolith matches with the saucer-shaped intrusive body concave toward the sky.
As magma intrudes into structural basins, sagging under gravity produces a characteristic saucer shape.
3
Analyze the structural placement of Phacolith
Phacolith matches with the lens-shaped magma mass localized at anticline crests or syncline troughs.
Differential stresses during crustal folding create space at fold hinges for lens-like magma accumulation.
4
Analyze the structural characteristics of Batholith
Batholith matches with the massive granitic plutonic body forming mountain cores.
Batholiths represent the largest plutonic intrusions, forming deep beneath mountain systems.

Key Concept

Intrusive Igneous Landforms (Plutons)
Question 176Question →

Match the Mauryan administrative officers listed in List-I with their corresponding administrative portfolios or functions in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Samaharta
Sannidhata
Akshapataladhyaksha
Vyavaharika

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Samaharta corresponds to the Chief Collector General of revenue; Sannidhata corresponds to the Chief Treasury Officer; Akshapataladhyaksha corresponds to the Superintendent of accounts and records; Vyavaharika corresponds to the Chief Judge of civil courts.
In the Mauryan administrative framework detailed in Kautilya's Arthashastra, the Samaharta acted as the Chief Revenue Collector, the Sannidhata served as the Chief Treasury Officer, the Akshapataladhyaksha was the Accountant General and keeper of records, and the Vyavaharika functioned as the chief civil magistrate.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary role of the Samaharta in Mauryan administration.
The Samaharta served as the overall revenue collector and supervisor of imperial finances.
Kautilya's Arthashastra designates the Samaharta as the officer in charge of income generation from land taxes, trade, and mines.
2
Distinguish between Samaharta and Sannidhata.
While Samaharta collected revenue, Sannidhata was the custodian of stored wealth, treasury buildings, and granaries.
Clear administrative division existed between revenue collection (Samaharta) and treasury management (Sannidhata).
3
Match the departmental heads for accounting and judicial functions.
Akshapataladhyaksha oversaw the central audit/records room (Akshapatala), and Vyavaharika presided over civil judicial proceedings (Dharmasthiya).
Adhyakshas supervised specific technical departments, whereas Vyavaharika maintained civil law and order.

Key Concept

Centralized Administrative Structure of the Mauryan Empire
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 177Question →

Match List-I (Plateaus/Highlands of the World) with List-II (Their Respective Region/Country) and identify the correct matching pairs.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Katanga Plateau
Anatolian Plateau
Kimberley Plateau
Chiapas Plateau

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Katanga Plateau corresponds to Central Africa (DR Congo / Zambia border region); Anatolian Plateau corresponds to West Asia (Turkey, between Pontic and Taurus Mountains); Kimberley Plateau corresponds to Oceania (Northwestern region of Western Australia); and Chiapas Plateau corresponds to North/Central America (Southern Mexico extending towards Guatemala).
Each plateau is correctly paired with its respective continent and geographical boundary: Katanga Plateau belongs to Central Africa, Anatolian Plateau lies in West Asia (Turkey), Kimberley Plateau forms the rugged landform of Northwestern Australia, and Chiapas Plateau is located in Southern Mexico.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Katanga Plateau
Katanga Plateau is situated in Central Africa, primarily covering southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia, known for copper and cobalt deposits.
Identify continent and country boundaries for Katanga.
2
Analyze Anatolian Plateau
Anatolia forms the main peninsular portion of Turkey in West Asia, enclosed by the Pontic and Taurus mountain ranges.
Identify regional intermontane characteristics of Anatolia.
3
Analyze Kimberley Plateau
The Kimberley region is situated in the far northern region of Western Australia.
Locate the geographic zone within Oceania/Australia.
4
Analyze Chiapas Plateau
Chiapas is Mexico's southernmost state, home to mountainous highlands extending into Guatemala.
Map the plateau to North/Central America.

Key Concept

Regional and Locational Geography of major world plateaus, highlands, and their continent/country associations.
Question 178Question →

Which of the following correctly matches each socio-religious reform leader in List-I with their corresponding organization or movement in List-II?

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Jyotirao Phule
Swami Vivekananda
Atmaram Pandurang
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

Matches

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Answer

Jyotirao Phule corresponds to Satyashodhak Samaj, Swami Vivekananda corresponds to Ramakrishna Mission, Atmaram Pandurang corresponds to Prarthana Samaj, and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan corresponds to Aligarh Movement.
Jyotirao Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (1873), Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission (1897), Atmaram Pandurang founded the Prarthana Samaj (1867), and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan led the Aligarh Movement.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the organization established by Jyotirao Phule.
Jyotirao Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
The organization aimed to liberate lower castes from exploitation and social discrimination.
2
Identify the organization established by Swami Vivekananda.
Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
It was established in memory of his guru, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, focusing on humanitarian work and spiritual teachings.
3
Identify the reform society founded by Atmaram Pandurang.
Atmaram Pandurang founded the Prarthana Samaj in 1867.
Established in Bombay with support from Keshab Chandra Sen, it promoted monotheism and social reform.
4
Identify the educational and social movement led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan spearheaded the Aligarh Movement.
It sought to modernize Muslim society through Western education and founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College.

Key Concept

Socio-Religious Reform Leaders and Organizations
Question 179Question →

Match the traditional indigenous and nomadic human groups in List-I with their primary geographical regions in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Masai
Bedouins
Bushmen (San)
Kirghiz

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Masai corresponds to East African Plateau, Bedouins corresponds to Arabian Peninsula, Bushmen (San) corresponds to Kalahari Desert, and Kirghiz corresponds to Central Asian Steppes.
Each human group is matched accurately to its traditional environment: the Masai belong to the East African Plateau, the Bedouins inhabit the Arabian Peninsula, the Bushmen (San) are associated with the Kalahari Desert, and the Kirghiz are native to the Central Asian Steppes.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical habitat of Masai
Masai live on the savanna grasslands of the East African Plateau.
Masai pastoralism relies on semi-arid grasslands located in Kenya and Tanzania.
2
Identify the geographical habitat of Bedouins
Bedouins inhabit the desert expanse of the Arabian Peninsula.
Bedouin pastoral nomadic traditions evolved in the arid regions of Southwest Asia.
3
Identify the geographical habitat of Bushmen (San)
Bushmen inhabit the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa.
The San people are among the oldest hunter-gatherer societies adapted to the Kalahari environment.
4
Identify the geographical habitat of Kirghiz
Kirghiz reside in the Central Asian Steppes and high mountains.
Kirghiz transhumance involves seasonal livestock migration across Central Asian pastures.

Key Concept

Global Distribution of Indigenous Human Groups and Cultural Ecology
Question 180Question →

Match the British Colonial Commissions/Committees in List-I with their corresponding policy or administrative focus in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Strachey Commission (1878)
Hunter Commission (1882)
Aitchison Commission (1886)
Fraser Commission (1902)

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Strachey Commission (1878) matches with Formulation of Famine Relief Code Principles; Hunter Commission (1882) matches with Review of Primary and Secondary Education; Aitchison Commission (1886) matches with Categorization of Civil Services into Imperial, Provincial, and Subordinate branches; Fraser Commission (1902) matches with Reorganization of Police Administration.
Each commission is accurately paired with its central policy domain: Strachey Commission formulated famine relief principles, Hunter Commission reviewed primary and secondary education, Aitchison Commission restructured public service cadres, and Fraser Commission oversaw police administration reform.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the primary objective of the Strachey Commission (1878).
Constituted under Viceroy Lord Lytton to deal with widespread famine; it laid down guidelines leading to the official Famine Code.
Establishes the link between Strachey Commission and Famine Relief Principles.
2
Analyze the mandate of the Hunter Commission (1882).
Set up by Lord Ripon to assess educational advancement since 1854, giving primary importance to primary and secondary schooling.
Establishes the link between Hunter Commission and Education Review.
3
Analyze the recommendations of the Aitchison Commission (1886).
Created under Lord Dufferin for civil service reform; replaced the former Covenanted/Uncovenanted structure with Imperial, Provincial, and Subordinate Public Services.
Establishes the link between Aitchison Commission and Civil Services Categorization.
4
Analyze the focus of the Fraser Commission (1902).
Appointed under Lord Curzon to investigate police functioning and suggest police training and administrative reforms.
Establishes the link between Fraser Commission and Police Administration.

Key Concept

Colonial Administrative Commissions and Sectoral Reform Policies
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