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Question 361Question →

Match the everyday physical observations in List-I with their underlying physics principles in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Spherical shape of small falling raindrops
Operation of hydraulic brakes in automobiles
Apparent twinkling of stars in the night sky
Cooling effect of water stored in an earthen pot (matka)

Matches

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Answer

The correct matching pairs are: Spherical shape of falling raindrops matches with Minimization of surface area driven by Surface Tension; Operation of hydraulic brakes matches with Equal transmission of fluid pressure according to Pascal's Law; Apparent twinkling of stars matches with Light ray deviation caused by Atmospheric Refraction; and Cooling effect of water in an earthen pot matches with Latent heat absorption during Evaporative Cooling.
Each observation directly matches its underlying physical law: surface tension minimizes surface area for raindrops; Pascal's Law governs hydraulic pressure transmission; atmospheric refraction causes stellar twinkling; and latent heat absorption during evaporation cools water in porous vessels.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the cause behind the spherical geometry of small falling liquid drops.
Cohesive intermolecular forces at the liquid surface create surface tension, minimizing the surface area into a sphere.
A sphere possesses the smallest surface-area-to-volume ratio among all geometric shapes.
2
Analyze the operational principle of hydraulic braking systems.
Force applied to the brake pedal creates pressure in the brake fluid, which is transmitted equally across the system to actuate pistons at the wheels.
According to Pascal's Law, static fluid pressure is transmitted undiminished throughout an enclosed fluid system.
3
Determine the cause of stellar scintillation (twinkling).
Starlight passes through turbulent atmospheric layers with fluctuating temperatures and optical densities, causing constant shifting of the ray paths.
Atmospheric refraction alters the apparent brightness and position of point-source light continuously.
4
Explain the thermodynamic cooling of water in porous earthen vessels.
Water seeping out through microscopic pores evaporates from the outer surface, extracting thermal energy from the pot.
Evaporation requires energy equivalent to the latent heat of vaporization, lowering the temperature of the remaining system.

Key Concept

Everyday Applications of Surface Tension, Fluid Pressure, Atmospheric Refraction, and Evaporative Cooling
Question 362Question →

Match List-I (Articles of the Constitution of India) with List-II (Provisions on Centre-State Relations and Emergency) and select the correct matching combination.

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Items

Article 248
Article 252
Article 263
Article 360

Matches

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Answer

Article 248 matches with Residuary powers of legislation vested exclusively in Parliament; Article 252 matches with Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent; Article 263 matches with Establishment of an Inter-State Council; Article 360 matches with Provisions regarding Financial Emergency.
Article 248 deals with residuary legislative powers of Parliament, Article 252 outlines parliamentary legislation by consent of states, Article 263 deals with the Inter-State Council, and Article 360 deals with Financial Emergency provisions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Legislative Relations under Article 248
Article 248 vests residuary legislative powers (matters not mentioned in List II or List III) solely in the Union Parliament.
This is a key federal feature demonstrating a centralizing tendency in legislative power allocation.
2
Analyze Legislative Relations under Article 252
Article 252 enables Parliament to enact laws on a State List topic if two or more State Legislatures pass resolutions requesting such legislation.
This provision facilitates cooperative legislative action among states through parliamentary enactment.
3
Analyze Administrative and Inter-State Relations under Article 263
Article 263 provides for setting up an Inter-State Council by Presidential order to enhance coordination between the Union and States.
The Sarkaria Commission strongly recommended activating this constitutional provision for institutional consultation.
4
Analyze Emergency Provisions under Article 360
Article 360 authorizes the President to proclaim Financial Emergency when the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened.
During a Financial Emergency, the Union executive can direct states to observe specified canons of financial propriety.

Key Concept

Constitutional Framework of Centre-State Relations and Emergency Provisions
Question 363Question →

Match the monetary policy tools and mechanisms of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) listed under Column I with their correct operational characteristics described under Column II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)
Standing Deposit Facility (SDF)
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)

Matches

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Answer

Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) pairs with the emergency overnight borrowing window against securities; Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) pairs with the uncollateralized liquidity absorption mechanism; Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) pairs with mandatory cash reserves parked with the RBI without interest; Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) pairs with mandatory liquid assets (gold, G-Secs) maintained by banks themselves.
Each monetary policy tool matches its operational feature: MSF is an emergency borrowing window above repo requiring collateral; SDF acts as an uncollateralized liquidity absorption floor; CRR represents non-interest-bearing cash parked with RBI; and SLR denotes liquid assets (primarily G-Secs and gold) held by commercial banks.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary collateral requirements and interest earning aspects of quantitative tools.
Differentiate between collateralized/uncollateralized instruments and cash vs asset reserve requirements.
MSF requires collateral (G-Secs) at a higher rate, whereas SDF absorbs liquidity without collateral.
2
Analyze CRR versus SLR reserve requirements.
CRR is maintained exclusively in cash balances with the RBI, whereas SLR is maintained by banks in liquid assets like G-Secs and gold.
CRR controls bank lending capacity directly via central bank reserves, while SLR ensures solvency and creates domestic market demand for government bonds.
3
Match each tool in Column I to its accurate definition in Column II.
MSF -> Emergency overnight borrowing; SDF -> Uncollateralized liquidity floor; CRR -> Unremunerated cash reserves with RBI; SLR -> Liquid asset holdings (G-Secs/gold).
This alignment fully reflects RBI's monetary framework and liquidity management corridor structure.

Key Concept

Quantitative Monetary Policy Instruments and Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) Corridor Mechanics
Question 364Question →

Match the historic constitutional acts under British rule in List-I with their corresponding statutory provisions in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Indian Councils Act, 1892
Indian Councils Act, 1909
Government of India Act, 1919
Indian Independence Act, 1947

Matches

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Answer

The Indian Councils Act of 1892 matches with the authorization of non-official members to discuss the budget; the Indian Councils Act of 1909 matches with separate communal electorates for Muslims; the Government of India Act of 1919 matches with the introduction of dyarchy in provinces; and the Indian Independence Act of 1947 matches with conferring full sovereign status on the Constituent Assembly.
Each historical act corresponds directly to its landmark statutory provision: the 1892 Act allowed budget discussion, the 1909 Act introduced separate electorates, the 1919 Act established provincial dyarchy, and the 1947 Act conferred sovereignty upon the Constituent Assembly.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Examine 19th-century colonial legislative council expansions.
The Indian Councils Act, 1892 granted members the right to discuss the budget and address questions, expanding legislative functions beyond pure lawmaking.
To identify the reform that first permitted limited financial discussion in councils.
2
Analyze early 20th-century electoral structures.
The Indian Councils Act, 1909 formally legalised communal representation by creating separate electorates for Muslim voters.
To associate the Morley-Minto reforms with separate electorates.
3
Evaluate post-WWI administrative decentralization models.
The Government of India Act, 1919 instituted provincial dyarchy, segregating subjects into reserved and transferred portfolios.
To match the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms with dual executive governance.
4
Determine the constitutional impact of the transfer of power.
The Indian Independence Act, 1947 transformed the Constituent Assembly into a sovereign legislature capable of enacting laws and repealing imperial statutes.
To pair the independence statute with assembly sovereignty.

Key Concept

Key legislative features and institutional provisions of British-era constitutional acts leading to independence.
Question 365Question →

Match each Indian space mission with its corresponding primary scientific objective or major capability.

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Items

Chandrayaan-3
Aditya-L1
AstroSat
NISAR

Matches

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Answer

Chandrayaan-3 matches lunar soft-landing and roving; Aditya-L1 matches solar observation from L1; AstroSat matches multi-wavelength space astronomy observatory; NISAR matches joint ISRO-NASA dual-frequency radar mission.
Each mission correctly aligns with its primary objective: Chandrayaan-3 achieved a historic lunar soft landing; Aditya-L1 observes the Sun from L1; AstroSat serves as a multi-wavelength space telescope; and NISAR is a collaborative radar Earth-observation mission between NASA and ISRO.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary objective of lunar exploration mission Chandrayaan-3
Chandrayaan-3 corresponds to soft-landing and rover exploration on the Moon.
Chandrayaan-3 is ISRO's third lunar exploration mission, designed for lunar surface landing.
2
Identify the trajectory and scientific focus of Aditya-L1
Aditya-L1 corresponds to continuous solar atmospheric observation from Sun-Earth L1.
The mission designation 'L1' refers to the first Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth system.
3
Determine the operational nature of AstroSat
AstroSat corresponds to India's dedicated multi-wavelength astronomical satellite.
AstroSat carries five payloads covering optical, UV, and X-ray spectral bands.
4
Match NISAR to its cooperative agency framework and payload type
NISAR corresponds to the joint ISRO-NASA dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar project.
NISAR stands for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar.

Key Concept

Major Indian space exploration missions, astronomy satellites, and international space technology collaborations.
Question 366Question →

Match the cellular structures and molecular machinery listed in List-I with their corresponding specialized biological functions listed in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Peroxisome
Nucleolus
Spliceosome
Centrosome

Matches

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Answer

Peroxisome matches with decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and oxidative β\beta-oxidation of fatty acids; Nucleolus matches with transcription and assembly of ribosomal RNA (rRNArRNA) subunits; Spliceosome matches with excising non-coding intron sequences from precursor mRNA (pre-mRNApre\text{-}mRNA); Centrosome matches with organization of microtubule arrays and regulation of mitotic spindle formation.
Each cellular component is accurately mapped to its primary physiological role: Peroxisomes carry out β\beta-oxidation and peroxide detoxification; the Nucleolus synthesizes ribosomal RNA subunits; Spliceosomes carry out RNA splicing by excising introns; and Centrosomes act as microtubule organizing centers for spindle formation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the metabolic role of Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes house oxidative enzymes including catalase to metabolize toxic H2O2H_2O_2 and break down fatty acids through β\beta-oxidation.
This differentiates peroxisomes from lysosomes, which focus on hydrolytic digestion of macromolecules.
2
Identify the sub-nuclear region function of the Nucleolus
The nucleolus specifically transcribes rRNArRNA genes and initial subunit construction.
Protein translation itself occurs in the cytoplasm or rough endoplasmic reticulum, while ribosome building originates in the nucleolus.
3
Determine the nuclear ribonucleoprotein function of the Spliceosome
Spliceosomes catalyze post-transcriptional splicing, removing non-coding introns from eukaryotic pre-mRNA.
Prokaryotes lack spliceosomes due to co-transcriptional translation and lack of spliceosomal introns.
4
Establish the structural role of the Centrosome
Centrosomes contain centrioles (in animal cells) and organize the microtubule spindle during mitosis and meiosis.
Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores to segregate chromosomes during cell division.

Key Concept

Eukaryotic Cell Organelle and Molecular Machinery Specialization
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 367Question →

Match the Standing Parliamentary Committees listed under Column I with their corresponding structural compositions or primary legislative functions listed under Column II:

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Items

Public Accounts Committee
Estimates Committee
Committee on Public Undertakings
Committee on Subordinate Legislation

Matches

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Answer

Public Accounts Committee matches with examining CAG audit reports; Estimates Committee matches with consisting exclusively of 30 Lok Sabha members; Committee on Public Undertakings matches with examining reports and accounts of public sector enterprises; Committee on Subordinate Legislation matches with scrutinizing executive delegated legislation.
The Public Accounts Committee directly examines the audit reports of the CAG. The Estimates Committee is unique in having 30 members drawn exclusively from the Lok Sabha. The Committee on Public Undertakings evaluates the accounts and reports of PSUs. The Committee on Subordinate Legislation monitors executive rulemaking under statutory delegation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the mandate of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC).
PAC is responsible for examining the audit reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India.
It acts as a parliamentary watchdog over government spending.
2
Identify the composition of the Estimates Committee.
The Estimates Committee has 30 members, all of whom are elected solely from the Lok Sabha.
Rajya Sabha has no representation on the Estimates Committee.
3
Identify the role of the Committee on Public Undertakings (COPU).
COPU examines reports, accounts, and autonomy of specified public sector undertakings (PSUs).
It handles financial and administrative oversight specifically for state enterprises.
4
Identify the function of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation.
This committee scrutinizes rules, regulations, and statutory instruments framed by the executive under delegated powers.
It ensures that the executive does not exceed the legislative mandate conferred by parent Acts of Parliament.

Key Concept

Structure, Composition, and Functions of Parliamentary Financial and Standing Committees
Question 368Question →

Match each administrative dilemma scenario presented in List-I with the corresponding foundational principle of public administration ethics demonstrated in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

An administrator disbursing social pensions notices that several elderly beneficiaries lack biometric ID authentication due to worn fingerprints. Strictly following standard automated rules would deny their basic subsistence. The officer institutes an audited manual verification log backed by community witness attestation to disburse benefits immediately while filing for official system overrides.
A procurement officer discovers that a draft tender specification for medical diagnostic equipment contains proprietary clauses tailor-made for a single supplier without technical justification. The officer stays the tender issuance and convenes an independent expert committee to neutralize the specifications for fair competition.
A district sub-divisional magistrate is verbally instructed by an influential local politician to fast-track land clearing for an industrial project while ignoring mandatory environmental impact clearances. The magistrate formally insists on full statutory compliance and records all official communications transparently in the case file.
A senior officer discovers severe financial auditing irregularities in a infrastructure project supervised by their long-time administrative mentor who is near retirement. The officer refrains from informal cover-ups and initiates a formal institutional inquiry despite personal loyalties.

Matches

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Answer

The correct pairings are: Biometric authentication override matched with Substantive Justice and Human-Centric Administrative Discretion; Tender specification neutrality matched with Procedural Equity, Neutrality, and Non-Discriminatory Public Contracting; Insisting on environmental clearances despite political pressure matched with Statutory Rule of Law and Protection against Unlawful External Influence; Reporting mentor irregularities matched with Institutional Integrity and Supremacy of Public Duty over Personal Loyalty.
Each administrative action accurately maps to its core ethical foundation: flexibility for human welfare reflects substantive justice; fair procurement reflects non-discriminatory equity; resisting political interference reflects rule of law; and unbiased auditing reflects institutional integrity over personal loyalty.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the biometric pension scenario
Identified that the administrator balanced rule-following with human survival needs using transparent safeguards.
This illustrates administrative discretion aimed at substantive justice and protecting vulnerable citizens from rigid rule-bound exclusion.
2
Analyze the tender specification scenario
Identified that biased procurement rules were corrected to allow open access.
Public procurement ethics require level playing fields, procedural fairness, and non-discrimination among vendors.
3
Analyze the environmental clearance scenario under political pressure
Identified strict adherence to statutory law and official record-keeping despite external influence.
Public servants are bound to execute the law impartially and resist unlawful extra-constitutional directions.
4
Analyze the audit irregularity scenario involving a personal mentor
Identified prioritization of official duty over personal obligation.
Administrative integrity demands that public accountability overrides private relationships or personal indebtedness.

Key Concept

Foundational Ethical Frameworks in Public Administration and Decision Making
Question 369Question →

Match the demographic and labor market concepts listed under List-I with their correct definitions listed under List-II.

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Items

Worker Population Ratio (WPR)
Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
Dependency Ratio
Skill Gap Assessment

Matches

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Answer

Worker Population Ratio (WPR) matches with the percentage of the total population that is actively employed. Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) matches with the percentage of the population that is either employed or actively seeking work. Dependency Ratio matches with the ratio of dependent population to the working-age population. Skill Gap Assessment matches with the analysis identifying missing technical competencies between industry demand and workforce capabilities.
Worker Population Ratio reflects the share of total population employed. Labour Force Participation Rate captures both employed and job-seeking unemployed persons. Dependency Ratio evaluates demographic burden by comparing dependent age groups to the working-age cohort. Skill Gap Assessment diagnoses workforce training mismatches relative to market demand.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the definition of Worker Population Ratio (WPR).
WPR measures the proportion of total population engaged in productive economic employment.
WPR focuses exclusively on those currently employed relative to the overall population.
2
Identify the definition of Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR).
LFPR measures both employed individuals and those unemployed but actively searching for work.
The labour force includes both employed and unemployed persons within the economic workforce.
3
Determine the definition of Dependency Ratio.
It compares dependents (aged 0–14 and 65+) against the working-age population (aged 15–64).
A lower dependency ratio indicates a favorable demographic dividend.
4
Match Skill Gap Assessment with its primary objective.
It measures mismatch between industry-required skillsets and existing worker competencies.
Skill gap evaluation guides vocational training policy to enhance employability.

Key Concept

Key Demographic and Labor Market Indicators
Question 370Question →

Match the high-level agricultural policy committees in List-I with their primary reform recommendations and mandates in List-II:

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Items

Abhijit Sen Committee (2002)
Shanta Kumar Committee (2014)
National Commission on Farmers / Swaminathan Committee (2006)
Ramesh Chand Committee (2015)

Matches

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Answer

Abhijit Sen Committee (2002) matches with formulating a Long-Term Grain Policy and buffer stock norms; Shanta Kumar Committee (2014) matches with restructuring FCI and reducing NFSA beneficiary coverage to 40%; Swaminathan Committee (2006) matches with recommending MSP at 50% above comprehensive cost (C2C_2); Ramesh Chand Committee (2015) matches with revising CACP methodology for crop cost calculations.
Each agricultural committee corresponds precisely to its policy mandate: Abhijit Sen Committee formulated the Long-Term Grain Policy (2002); Shanta Kumar Committee proposed restructuring FCI and reducing NFSA coverage (2014); Swaminathan Commission recommended setting MSP at C2+50%C_2 + 50\% (2006); and Ramesh Chand Committee reviewed CACP's crop cost calculation methodology (2015).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the primary mandate of the Abhijit Sen Committee (2002).
It was mandated to formulate a Long-Term Grain Policy for India, addressing buffer stock norms, price support, and PDS mechanisms.
The committee sought to resolve structural inefficiencies in procurement and grain management during the post-Green Revolution period.
2
Analyze the primary mandate of the High-Level Committee chaired by Shanta Kumar (2014).
It recommended major reforms in Food Corporation of India (FCI) logistics, introducing Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), outsourcing grain handling, and reducing National Food Security Act (NFSA) coverage from 67% to 40%.
The objective was restructuring food supply chain economics and curbing operational leaks.
3
Analyze the recommendation of the National Commission on Farmers / Swaminathan Committee (2006).
It recommended establishing MSP at C2+50%C_2 + 50\%, where C2C_2 includes all paid-out costs, imputed value of family labor, interest on owned capital, and land rent.
This aimed at ensuring agricultural profitability and financial stability for farm households.
4
Analyze the focus of the Ramesh Chand Committee (2015).
It addressed methodological discrepancies in CACP's cost concepts (A2A_2, A2+FLA_2+FL, and C2C_2), proposing inclusions for managerial labor costs and updated land rental values.
Farmers' organizations had raised concerns that traditional CACP estimates understated actual production costs.

Key Concept

Indian Agricultural Committees, Food Security Policy, FCI Reforms, and Price Support Mechanics
Question 371Question →

Match the common chemical compounds in List-I with their corresponding daily life or industrial applications in List-II:

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Items

Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3NaHCO_3)
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3Na_2CO_3)
Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate (CaSO4⋅12H2OCaSO_4 \cdot \frac{1}{2}H_2O)
Calcium Oxychloride (CaOCl2CaOCl_2)

Matches

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Answer

Sodium Bicarbonate matches with Antacid and leavening agent in baking; Sodium Carbonate matches with Softening hard water and glass manufacturing; Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate matches with Setting fractured bones and making moulds; Calcium Oxychloride matches with Disinfectant for drinking water and bleaching agent.
Each compound is correctly matched based on its chemical identity and primary application: Sodium Bicarbonate is used as an antacid and baking agent, Sodium Carbonate softens hard water and aids glass production, Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate (Plaster of Paris) sets fractured bones, and Calcium Oxychloride (Bleaching Powder) disinfects drinking water.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the functional property of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3NaHCO_3).
Sodium Bicarbonate is commonly known as Baking Soda, used as an antacid and leavening agent.
It reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide gas and neutralizes gastric acidity.
2
Analyze the functional property of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3Na_2CO_3).
Sodium Carbonate is Washing Soda, used to remove permanent hardness of water and produce glass.
It forms insoluble carbonate precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions.
3
Analyze the application of Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate (CaSO4⋅12H2OCaSO_4 \cdot \frac{1}{2}H_2O).
Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate is Plaster of Paris, used for setting broken bones.
It hardens quickly upon mixing with water to form gypsum (CaSO4⋅2H2OCaSO_4 \cdot 2H_2O).
4
Analyze the application of Calcium Oxychloride (CaOCl2CaOCl_2).
Calcium Oxychloride is Bleaching Powder, used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent.
It acts as a source of active chlorine for germicidal water treatment.

Key Concept

Everyday and Industrial Applications of Household Chemical Compounds
Question 372Question →

Match the agricultural marketing, procurement, and financial institutions in List-I with their primary objective or statutory mandate in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)
National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED)
Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)
Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA)

Matches

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Answer

The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) formulates MSP and FRP recommendations based on cost structures. The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) acts as the central procurement agency for oilseeds, pulses, and copra under the Price Support Scheme. The Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) is the lead agency implementing e-NAM. The Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA) regulates the negotiable warehouse receipt system.
Each institution matches its precise statutory or policy mandate: CACP advises on price policy formulation (MSP/FRP); NAFED executes price support operations for pulses and oilseeds; SFAC manages the digital agricultural marketing infrastructure (e-NAM); and WDRA regulates the negotiable warehouse receipt mechanism to improve post-harvest credit flow.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the core mandate of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
CACP is an advisory body that calculates farm production costs (A2, A2+FL, C2) and recommends MSPs for 22 mandated crops as well as FRP for sugarcane.
Distinguishing recommendatory bodies from operational procurement agencies is essential for assessing agricultural price support architecture.
2
Analyze the operational role of NAFED in agricultural commodity markets.
NAFED executes price support procurement operations specifically for non-foodgrain commercial crops like pulses and oilseeds.
While the Food Corporation of India (FCI) handles wheat and paddy procurement, NAFED handles pulse and oilseed market intervention.
3
Identify the institutional manager of the e-NAM platform.
SFAC is mandated to deploy software, onboard APMCs, and manage trading operations on e-NAM.
SFAC acts as the specialized financial and managerial agency promoting agribusiness integration.
4
Determine the regulatory authority overseeing post-harvest warehousing credit.
WDRA implements the statutory provisions of the Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act, 2007 for negotiable warehouse receipts.
NWRs enable farmers to pledge stored produce to commercial banks for liquidity, mitigating distress sales.

Key Concept

Institutional Architecture of Agricultural Pricing, Procurement, and Market Infrastructure in India
Question 373Question →

Match the non-constitutional statutory bodies listed in List-I with their corresponding parent governing enactments in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
Central Information Commission (CIC)
Competition Commission of India (CCI)
National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC)

Matches

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Answer

Central Vigilance Commission pairs with Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003; Central Information Commission pairs with Right to Information Act, 2005; Competition Commission of India pairs with Competition Act, 2002; National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission pairs with Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Each non-constitutional body listed is correctly matched with its specific governing Parliamentary statute. The CVC derives its statutory backing from the CVC Act of 2003; the CIC was established under Section 12 of the RTI Act, 2005; the CCI operates under the Competition Act, 2002; and the NCDRC operates under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the legislative origin of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).
CVC became a statutory body via Parliament enacting the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003.
Tracing statutory evolution from executive creation to legislative backing.
2
Identify the legislative origin of the Central Information Commission (CIC).
CIC was constituted under Section 12 of the Right to Information Act, 2005.
Direct statutory provision identification.
3
Identify the parent governing enactment for the Competition Commission of India (CCI).
CCI was set up under the provisions of the Competition Act, 2002.
Regulatory framework mapping.
4
Identify the governing statute for the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC).
NCDRC functions under the apex statutory mandate of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Connecting statutory consumer governance bodies to updated legislation.

Key Concept

Statutory non-constitutional bodies derive their mandate, structure, and authority from specific Acts of Parliament rather than directly from constitutional provisions.
Question 374Question →

Match the essential vitamins listed in List-I with their corresponding deficiency disorders listed in List-II, and identify the correct pairs:

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Items

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin D (Calciferol)

Matches

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Answer

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) pairs with Beriberi; Vitamin B3 (Niacin) pairs with Pellagra; Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) pairs with Scurvy; Vitamin D (Calciferol) pairs with Rickets.
Each vitamin plays a specific biochemical role: Thiamine (B1) deficiency produces Beriberi; Niacin (B3) deficiency causes Pellagra; Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) deficiency causes Scurvy; and Calciferol (Vitamin D) deficiency leads to Rickets due to defective mineralization of bone matrix.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) function and deficiency.
Thiamine is critical for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. Deficiency causes Beriberi.
Matches Vitamin B1 to Beriberi.
2
Analyze Vitamin B3 (Niacin) function and deficiency.
Niacin is required for cellular respiration. Deficiency causes Pellagra.
Matches Vitamin B3 to Pellagra.
3
Analyze Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) function and deficiency.
Ascorbic acid is necessary for collagen formation and tissue repair. Deficiency causes Scurvy.
Matches Vitamin C to Scurvy.
4
Analyze Vitamin D (Calciferol) function and deficiency.
Calciferol regulates intestinal calcium uptake. Deficiency leads to Rickets in growing children.
Matches Vitamin D to Rickets.

Key Concept

Vitamin Deficiency Disorders and Human Nutritional Physiology
Question 375Question →

Match the poverty estimation committees and inequality metrics in List-I with their corresponding methodology or definition in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009)
C. Rangarajan Committee (2014)
Palma Ratio
Gini Coefficient

Matches

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Answer

The correct matching aligns Suresh Tendulkar Committee with MRP expenditure methodology, C. Rangarajan Committee with MMRP and reinstated nutritional norms, Palma Ratio with the income share ratio of the top 10% to the bottom 40%, and Gini Coefficient with the geometric ratio derived from the Lorenz Curve.
Each item in List-I maps uniquely to its corresponding definition in List-II: Suresh Tendulkar Committee established MRP-based estimates including health and education; C. Rangarajan Committee established MMRP-based estimates incorporating calorie, protein, and fat requirements; Palma Ratio computes the top 10% to bottom 40% income share; and Gini Coefficient evaluates the area between the line of equality and the Lorenz curve.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the poverty estimation committees in List-I
The Tendulkar Committee (2009) introduced MRP and included expenditure on education and health, discarding direct calorie anchors. The Rangarajan Committee (2014) reintroduced calorie-protein-fat nutritional standards and adopted MMRP.
Differentiating reference periods (MRP vs MMRP) and calorie norm reliance is essential to distinguish between official poverty estimation frameworks in India.
2
Analyze the inequality metrics in List-I
The Palma Ratio isolates the upper tail (top 10%) relative to the lower tail (bottom 40%). The Gini Coefficient summarizes overall distribution by calculating the relative area between the Lorenz curve and the 45-degree line of perfect equality.
Palma ratio measures structural concentration at the distribution extremes, whereas Gini coefficient summarizes aggregate inequality.
3
Construct the correct pair mappings
Suresh Tendulkar Committee maps to MRP health/education focus; C. Rangarajan Committee maps to MMRP with nutritional norms; Palma Ratio maps to top 10% over bottom 40% share; Gini Coefficient maps to Lorenz curve area calculation.
Ensures every expert panel and statistical metric is accurately paired with its specific technical feature.

Key Concept

Poverty Estimation Methodologies and Inequality Indicators
Question 376Question →

Match List-I (Constitutional Articles of the Union Executive) with List-II (Their Respective Provisions) and select the correct matching pairs:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Article 56
Article 61
Article 67
Article 78

Matches

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Answer

Article 56 matches with Term of office of the President; Article 61 matches with Procedure for impeachment of the President; Article 67 matches with Term of office and removal procedure of the Vice-President; and Article 78 matches with Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President.
Article 56 specifies the 5-year tenure of the President. Article 61 establishes the procedure for impeaching the President for violation of the Constitution. Article 67 deals with the tenure and removal procedure of the Vice-President. Article 78 details the constitutional duty of the Prime Minister to keep the President informed about decisions of the Council of Ministers and legislative proposals.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify constitutional provisions related to the President's tenure and impeachment.
Article 56 lays down the President's 5-year tenure, while Article 61 lays down the detailed impeachment procedure for violation of the Constitution.
Under Part V of the Constitution, Article 56 governs presidential tenure, and Article 61 specifies the special parliamentary procedure for impeachment.
2
Examine constitutional provisions governing the Vice-President's office.
Article 67 defines the tenure of the Vice-President and the procedure for removal by a resolution passed by the Rajya Sabha and agreed to by the Lok Sabha.
Article 67 specifically outlines the removal process of the Vice-President, who serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States.
3
Evaluate provisions outlining the channel of communication between the Executive head and the Council of Ministers.
Article 78 obligates the Prime Minister to furnish information regarding Union administrative affairs and proposals for legislation to the President.
Article 78 is the constitutional link maintaining the flow of information between the Prime Minister and the President.

Key Concept

Constitutional Articles and Procedures of the Union Executive
Question 377Question →

Match the early nationalist leaders and economic thinkers listed in List-I with their prominent published works and treatises on colonial economic critique in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Dadabhai Naoroji
Romesh Chunder Dutt
G. V. Joshi
Dinshaw Wacha

Matches

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Answer

Dadabhai Naoroji correctly pairs with 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'; Romesh Chunder Dutt correctly pairs with 'The Economic History of India'; G. V. Joshi correctly pairs with 'Writings and Speeches on Indian Economic Problems'; and Dinshaw Wacha correctly pairs with 'Recent Economic History of India and Military Expenditure'.
The correct matching pairs each Moderate nationalist leader with their influential treatise on Indian economic critique under colonial rule: Dadabhai Naoroji wrote 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India', Romesh Chunder Dutt wrote 'The Economic History of India', G. V. Joshi wrote 'Writings and Speeches on Indian Economic Problems', and Dinshaw Wacha wrote on Indian financial management and military expenditure.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the author of 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'.
Dadabhai Naoroji wrote this landmark work, establishing the Drain of Wealth theory during the early phase of Indian nationalism.
It served as the foundational text exposing colonial economic exploitation.
2
Identify the author of 'The Economic History of India'.
Romesh Chunder Dutt (R.C. Dutt) authored this classic two-volume work evaluating land revenue policies and industrial decline under British rule.
He systematically documented the economic impact of colonial administration from 1757 to 1900.
3
Match G. V. Joshi and Dinshaw Wacha to their respective economic treatises.
G. V. Joshi authored 'Writings and Speeches on Indian Economic Problems', while Dinshaw Wacha authored critical analyses on financial management and military expenditure.
Both were leading Moderate economic analysts associated with the Indian National Congress.

Key Concept

Economic Nationalism and Drain Theory in the Early Phase of INC
Question 378Question →

Match the Constitutional Articles related to the Indian Judiciary in List-I with their corresponding powers and constitutional provisions in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Article 139A
Article 142
Article 144
Article 227

Matches

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Answer

Article 139A pairs with the power to transfer cases involving similar questions of law. Article 142 pairs with orders necessary for doing complete justice. Article 144 pairs with civil and judicial authorities acting in aid of the Supreme Court. Article 227 pairs with the High Court's power of superintendence over all courts and tribunals in its jurisdiction.
Each item in List-I correctly corresponds to its specific constitutional mandate under the Indian Constitution. Article 139A authorizes case transfers across High Courts to the Supreme Court. Article 142 empowers the apex court to pass orders for complete justice. Article 144 creates an obligation for civil and judicial executive arms to assist the Supreme Court. Article 227 vests superintendence over lower courts and tribunals within a High Court's jurisdiction.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the constitutional scope of Article 139A
Article 139A deals with the transfer of cases when cases involving identical or substantially similar questions of law are pending before the Supreme Court and/or multiple High Courts.
This provision helps prevent conflicting judgments across different High Courts on the same constitutional question.
2
Identify the mandate of Article 142
Article 142 equips the Supreme Court with broad constitutional jurisdiction to execute decrees or pass orders required for doing complete justice.
It ensures technical procedural hurdles do not impede equitable justice.
3
Analyze Article 144 and Article 227
Article 144 binds civil and judicial authorities to aid Supreme Court directives, while Article 227 gives High Courts power of administrative and judicial superintendence over tribunals and lower courts.
Article 144 ensures enforcement of apex court orders nation-wide, while Article 227 maintains state-level judicial hierarchy and administrative control.

Key Concept

Constitutional Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court and High Courts
Question 379Question →

Match the chemical compounds and industrial materials in List-I with their corresponding primary application or functional property in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Calcium Carbide (CaC2CaC_2)
Sodium Benzoate (C6H5COONaC_6H_5COONa)
Superphosphate of Lime
Bakelite Polymer

Matches

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Answer

Calcium Carbide matches with artificial fruit ripening via moisture-triggered acetylene generation; Sodium Benzoate matches with food preservation in acidic environments; Superphosphate of Lime matches with water-soluble phosphatic fertilizer production via sulfuric acid treatment of rock phosphate; and Bakelite Polymer matches with thermosetting resin used for electrical insulation and cookware handles.
Each compound is accurately matched with its primary chemical role: Calcium Carbide releases acetylene for fruit ripening; Sodium Benzoate serves as an acidic food preservative; Superphosphate of Lime provides water-soluble phosphorus for crops; and Bakelite provides heat-resistant electrical insulation as a thermosetting plastic.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the chemical reactivity and practical use of Calcium Carbide (CaC2CaC_2).
Calcium carbide undergoes hydrolysis upon contact with water to produce acetylene gas (C2H2C_2H_2) according to the reaction: CaC2+2H2O→Ca(OH)2+C2H2CaC_2 + 2H_2O \rightarrow Ca(OH)_2 + C_2H_2.
Acetylene gas acts as an analogue to ethylene, inducing artificial ripening in fruits like mangoes and bananas.
2
Determine the mode of action of Sodium Benzoate (C6H5COONaC_6H_5COONa).
In acidic media (such as fruit juices and carbonated beverages), sodium benzoate converts into undissociated benzoic acid.
The undissociated acid readily diffuses across microbial cell walls to disrupt glucose fermentation, acting as an effective preservative.
3
Evaluate the industrial synthesis of Superphosphate of Lime fertilizer.
Insoluble calcium phosphate mineral in rock phosphate is treated with sulfuric acid: Ca3(PO4)2+2H2SO4→Ca(H2PO4)2+2CaSO4Ca_3(PO_4)_2 + 2H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Ca(H_2PO_4)_2 + 2CaSO_4.
The resulting monocalcium phosphate is water-soluble, allowing plant roots to readily absorb bioavailable phosphate nutrients.
4
Identify the polymer structure and physical properties of Bakelite.
Bakelite is produced by step-growth condensation polymerization of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid or base catalyst.
Extensive 3D covalent cross-linking makes Bakelite a thermosetting plastic that does not melt upon heating, making it suitable for electrical switches and appliance handles.

Key Concept

Chemical compounds in daily life and industrial applications
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 380Question →

Match the common chemical substances in List-I with their primary applications in daily life and industry in List-II. Which of the following options represents the correct pairing of each substance with its application?

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Quicklime (CaOCaO)
Milk of Magnesia (Mg(OH)2Mg(OH)_2)
Baking Soda (NaHCO3NaHCO_3)
Gypsum (CaSO4⋅2H2OCaSO_4 \cdot 2H_2O)

Matches

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Answer

Quicklime matches with cement manufacturing; Milk of Magnesia matches with antacid application; Baking soda matches with leavening agent and fire extinguisher; Gypsum matches with retarding cement setting time.
Each chemical substance is correctly paired with its specific real-world application based on its chemical properties: Quicklime in cement making, Milk of Magnesia as an antacid, Baking soda in food/fire safety, and Gypsum for delaying cement hardening.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the industrial application of Quicklime (CaOCaO)
Quicklime is key to forming calcium silicates in cement manufacturing.
Understanding primary inorganic chemical raw materials.
2
Identify the medicinal role of Milk of Magnesia (Mg(OH)2Mg(OH)_2)
Milk of Magnesia neutralizes stomach acid (HClHCl) safely as an antacid.
Acid-base neutralization in household medicine.
3
Identify the household uses of Baking Soda (NaHCO3NaHCO_3)
Baking Soda releases CO2CO_2 gas when heated or mixed with acid, aiding baking dough expansion and smothering flames.
Thermal decomposition of hydrogen carbonates.
4
Identify the construction function of Gypsum (CaSO4⋅2H2OCaSO_4 \cdot 2H_2O)
Gypsum slows down the hydration rate of cement, retarding its setting time.
Modifying physical characteristics of industrial materials.

Key Concept

Everyday and industrial applications of common inorganic chemical compounds
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